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.Civics Learning Goals for the 4th Quarter
C.3.1 -- Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism, communism, monarchy, oligarchy, and autocracy).
- Identify different forms of government based on its political philosophy or organizational structure. -Analyze scenarios describing various forms of government. -Apply understanding of the definitions of the various forms of government.
C.3.2 – Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government.
- Define parliamentary, federal, confederal, and unitary systems of government. -Compare the organizational structures of systems of government. -Recognize examples of these systems of government. -Analyze scenarios describing various systems of government.
C.4.1 – Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy.
- Recognize the difference between domestic and foreign policy - Identify issues that relate to U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Analyze the domestic implications of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Identify the goals and objectives of U.S. domestic and foreign policy - Recognize the role of the U.S. State Department in foreign affairs
C.4.2 – Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations.
- Identify major international organizations in which government plays a role - Recognize that international organizations may be located in the United States - Describe ways that individual citizens and government can seek participation in international organizations - Examine the ways that government and individuals may support international organizations
C.4.3 – Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts
- Identify specific examples of international conflicts in which the United States has been involved - Identify the reasons for the United States becoming involved in past international conflicts - Analyze primary source documents pertaining to international incidents to determine the course of action taken by the United States - Identify the different methods used by the United States to deal with international conflicts
SS.7.C.3.1 Page 3
Compare Different Forms of Government
Term Definition
Anarchy The absence of any form of government What would a country look like with anarchy? Why do you think countries choose to have a form of government?
Level Student Task
4
3 SS.7.C.3.1 Compare different forms of government (direct democracy, representative democracy, socialism, communism, monarchy, oligarchy, and autocracy)
2
1 With help from the teacher, the student has partial success with the content
SS.7.C.3.1 Page 6
Forms of Government Scenarios
In the 20th Century two World Wars were fought to prevent the fast expansion of this
form of government. Most of those who started World War One were the few remaining
absolute monarchs of Europe, while in World War Two it was the elected dictators of
Germany and Italy.
In early European history government power was held by a variety of kings and queens
who ruled their kingdoms with mostly unlimited powers.
In his 4th-century BC work The Republic, the Greek philosopher Plato proposed the
communal ownership of property by an intellectual ruling class, to put the welfare of the
state above personal desire and moderate the greed of the producing classes.
Some Native American tribes organized themselves by having all male adult members of
the tribe vote for any proposed laws or changes.
In the 20th century, kings and queens have generally become symbols of national unity,
while real power has been moved to constitutional assemblies. Today, this form of
government is mainly in place in the Middle East.
An example of this form of government emerged in 1215 in England when a small group
wealthy nobleman forced the king to share power. This moved the country from one
person holding all of the power to a small group holding power.
An example of this form of government is the United States. Citizens elect representatives
at the national, state, and local levels of government to vote on their behalf.
Some believe that this form of government is desirable and achievable. Others view this
form of government as inefficient and creates people who are dependent and gain unfairly
from the government managing the economics of the country.
SS.7.C.3.1 Page 7
Review Questions
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question
box.
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question
box.
The scenario below describes a government decision. Based on the scenario, which form of government is taking
action?
A self-appointed council amend the country’s constitution.
A. Dictatorship
B. Monarcy
C. Oligarchy
D. Republic
What do a republic and a direct democracy have in common?
A. Rule by a single political party
B. Rule by the people
C. A small group of leaders
D. A single leader
SS.7.C.3.2 Page 9
Systems of Government
Level Student Task
4
3 SS.7.C.3.2 Compare parliamentary, federal, confederal and unitary systems of government
2
1 With help from the teacher, the student has partial success with the content
SS.7.C.3.2 Page 10
Distribution of Power
Directions: As you read, highlight or mark sentences or phrases that help define the following terms: federal system,
unitary system, parliamentary system, and confederal system. Effective government in any form requires a method for
distributing authority, or power, within the country.
Federal Systems. Large and diverse countries often have a federal system of government where power is “layered”
or shared among different levels. The United States government is an example of a federal system. There is a central
government with an executive branch, legislative branch and judicial branch. The head of the executive branch is the
president. There are also state governments with executive, legislative and judicial branches. The head of the
executive branch of a state government is the governor. The state legislatures pass laws having to do with state
affairs; the state executive carries them out; and state judiciaries interpret them.
Federal systems also include independent local governments such as county governments and city governments. The
citizens elect many of the public officials in counties and cities.
Unitary Systems. In countries with a similar population and with a common tradition, language, and sense of
national history, the central governments may not be federal but unitary. With a unitary system, government power is
held at the center and the central, or national, government performs all of the governmental functions. Local
governments within this system manage issues within their area, but their powers are determined and assigned by the
national government. The national government has the ability to tax and major lawmaking powers rest almost
entirely with the national government.
Parliamentary Systems. In a parliamentary system, the government power lies with the legislative body and the
leader of the country is part of the legislature. Citizens elect leaders indirectly through political parties. In these
types of elections, citizens vote for the political party of their choice, and the party chooses who will represent that
party in the government. In parliamentary systems, the percentage of the vote received by any party determines how
much representation that party will have in the legislature. In Israel, for example, any political party that earns at
least 2% of the vote will earn at least one seat in Israel’s national legislature (the Knesset). In parliamentary
systems, the prime minister is the head of state (government). Some parliamentary systems elect their prime minister
through an election by the legislature while other parliamentary systems hold an election by the citizens.
Confederations. Independent states sometimes join together to create a type of central government known as a
confederation. The central government only exists to provide specific services that are determined by the
independent members. The central government of a confederation is the weakest of all of the government systems.
Member states in a confederation maintain their own individual power and delegate to the central government only
those powers that are essential for its maintenance. The individual states or countries making up the confederations
have the power to tax and make their own laws. The central government serves as a coordinator to protect the
interests of all its members. It also represents the confederation in matters with outside governments, but its actions
are reviewed and approved by the states.
No modern nation is organized as a confederation, yet some international organizations, such as the United Nations
(UN) and North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) function as confederations.
SS.7.C.3.2 Page 11
Systems of Government Scenarios
Directions: Read each scenario and decide if a confederal, federal, parliamentary, or unitary system is being described.
Write the system in the second row. In the third row, list words or phrases you used to make your decision.
Scenarios
Argentina’s
government has an
elected president,
National Congress and
Supreme Court.
Argentina also has
provinces, or states,
that have their own
constitutions and
executive, legislative,
and judicial branches.
The central government
and provinces share
power in Argentina.
The European Union is
a partnership between
27 European countries.
Everything that
happens between
partner countries is
based on treaties that
are voluntarily agreed
upon by all members.
In New Zealand the
government is
centered around the
legislature and prime
minister. The prime
minister is the leader
of the political party
that has the majority
of seats in the
legislature. All
members of the prime
minister’s cabinet must
be members of the
legislature.
Japan’s government is
organized with a
strong, central
government,
comprised of a
legislative branch
called the Diet and an
executive branch led
by a prime minister
and ministers of state.
In Japan there are 47
prefectures, or states,
however the
prefectures are not
independent and rely
on the central
government for
funding.
What type of
system is
being
described?
List the
evidence you
used from the
text to answer
the question.
SS.7.C.3.2 Page 12
Review Questions
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
What system of government was in place after the United States adopted the U.S. Constitution?
A. Confederal
B. Federal
C. Oligarchy
D. Parliamentary
The newspaper headline below describes a historical event.
What long-term impact does this headline reflect?
A. Protection of equal property rights
B. Expansion of right to privacy
C. Protection of due process rights
D. Expansion of the right to vote
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 13
Understanding U.S. Domestic and Foreign Policy
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Level Student Task
4
3 SS.7.C.4.1 Differentiate concepts related to U.S. domestic and foreign policy
2
1 With help from the teacher, the student has partial success with the content
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 14
Key Vocabulary
Domestic Policy, Domestic Affairs, Foreign Policy, Foreign Affairs
____________________ includes those laws focusing on need within our country, or
____________________.
Social welfare, health care, education, civil rights, economic issues and social issues, such as
family law, all fall under the _____________________ category.
____________________ focuses on the nation’s international relations and how the U.S.
interacts with other countries, issues that come up between our country and others are known as
____________________.
____________________ focuses on diplomacy, the work of keeping up relations between the
governments of different countries and then making decisions on how to maintain those
relationships.
To accomplish this, the government relies on diplomats, people skilled in diplomacy, to
maintain relationships with other countries.
The president will sometimes outline his or her ___________________ goals in a written
statement, which becomes known as a doctrine.
Write about it! Domestic and foreign policy are alike because:
Domestic and foreign policy differ because:
One current domestic affairs issues is
One current foreign affairs issue is
I can find out about current domestic and foreign affairs issues by
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 15
Understanding Foreign and Domestic Policy
Executive
department
Main issues and responsibilities
Domestic or foreign policy, or both? Cite
evidence
Agriculture
Commerce
Defense
Education
Energy
Health and Human
Services
Homeland Security
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 16
Housing and Urban
Development
Interior
Justice
Labor
State
Transportation
Treasury
Veterans
Affairs
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 18
Foreign Policy Scenarios
1. Upon President Wilson’s request on April 6, 1917, Congress declared war on Germany and gave
the President the power to lead the army and navy to fight Germany in World War I. ________
2. In 2003, President George W. Bush decided to focus support on a worldwide initiative to help
countries prevent and treat HIV/AIDS. _________
3. In 1949, after World War II, the United States and other democratic countries formed NATO, the
North Atlantic Treaty Organization. It said that if any country was attacked by an outside nation, they
would help defend each other. _________
4. The U.S. government provides advice and help for countries wanting to start new democracies by
showing them how to run fair elections. _________
5. In 1968, the major countries of the world agreed to the “Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty,” which is
aimed at limiting the spread of nuclear weapons. As of 2010, over 180 countries have joined. ______
6. In 1990, Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein led Iraqi troops to invade and take over neighboring Kuwait.
In January 1991, Congress authorized President George H. W. Bush to lead U.S. troops into Kuwait
and force the Iraqi troops to leave. ________
7. In response to the January 2010 earthquake that devastated Haiti, the United States has given the
country significant aid in the form of food, water, and medical care. ________
8. The U.S. has a program aimed at helping people in developing countries have access to safe
drinking water. ________
9. On December 7, 1941, Japan attacked a U.S. navy base on Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, a U.S. territory at the
time. This act would bring the U.S. into World War II. The next day, Congress passed a war declaration giving
President Roosevelt the power the lead the entire U.S. military against Japan. _________
10. In June 1950, communist North Korea invaded South Korea. The U.S. was supporting South
Korea at the time. As a result of the invasion, President Truman sent U.S. troops as part of a United
Nations mission to fight on behalf of South Korea. ________
11. In 1919, President Wilson wanted the U.S. to agree to the Treaty of Versailles, the overall peace
treaty ending the war in Europe, and to join the League of Nations. The U.S. Senate rejected these
actions, so the U.S. did not ratify the treaty or join the League of Nations. ________
12. After World War II ended in 1945, the U.S. gave more than $13 billion to help rebuild countries
and support their democratic governments. _________
13. In 1993, the U.S., Canada, and Mexico agreed to the North American Free Trade Agreement
(NAFTA), whose goal is to make it easier to trade among the three countries. _________
14. On September 11, 2001, Al-Qaeda terrorists attacked the United States. President George W.
Bush asked Congress for a resolution asking to use military force against those responsible; this led
to U.S. troops fighting in Afghanistan, where Al-Qaeda leaders were based. ___________
SS.7.C.4.1 Page 19
Review Questions
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
Which action is an example of a domestic policy decision?
A. The Senate votes to ratify a treaty
B. The President nominates an ambassador
C. Congress votes to increase the income tax
D. The president asks Congress to declare war
The statement below was made by Secretary of State Hillary Clinton during a January 23, 2013 Senate hearing.
“It has been one of the great honors of my life to lead the men and women of the State Department…nearly
70,000 serving here in Washington, more than 270 posts around the world. They get up and get to work
every day, often in difficult and dangerous circumstances, because they believe, as we believe, the United
States is the most extraordinary force for peace and progress the world has ever known.”
Source: U.S. Department of State
Based on the statement, which is a goal of U.S. policy?
A. Diplomatic Alliances
B. Homeland security
C. Citizen protection
D. Avoiding conflict
SS.7.C.4.2 Page 21
International Organizations
International Organizations
Non-Example Who is involved? What is their main purpose?
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Level Student Task
4
3 SS.7.C.4.2 Recognize government and citizen participation in international organizations.
2
1 With help from the teacher, the student has partial success with the content
Intergovernmental Organization Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)
SS.7.C.4.2 Page 23
Name of
Organization
Where are the
headquarters?
Who is involved? What is their main purpose?
European
Union
Intergovernmental
NGO
North Atlantic
Treaty
Organization
Intergovernmental
NGO
Red Cross/Red
Crescent
Intergovernmental
NGO
United Nations
Intergovernmental
NGO
United Nations
Children’s Fund
(UNICEF)
Intergovernmental
NGO
World Bank
Intergovernmental
NGO
World Court
Intergovernmental
NGO
World Health
Organization
Intergovernmental
NGO
World Trade
Organization
Intergovernmental
NGO
SS.7.C.4.2 Page 24
Review Questions
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
Which is an example of a way that a citizen can seek participation in an international organization?
A. E-mail about internship opportunities at the International Red Cross
B. “Like” the Facebook page of the World Trade Organization
C. Request a trial before the World Court
D. Ask to join the United Nations
A. They have decreased community involvement
B. They have increased democratic participation
C. They have maintained world peace
D. They have strengthened terrorism
SS.7.C.4.3 Page 25
The U.S. and International Conflict
Key Vocabulary
Cooperation, Conflict, Conditions, Motivations, Actions
In international _______________ and cooperation, countries are either working together or against
each other. The ___________________ have to be just right for conflict or cooperation to occur.
When the conditions are right ________________ come into play—what goals does a particular
country have? Finally, countries take ____________ to work together or against each other.
Define international conflict in your own words:
Define international cooperation in your own words:
Level Student Task
4
3 SS.7.C.4.3 Describe examples of how the United States has dealt with international conflicts.
2
1 With help from the teacher, the student has partial success with the content
SS.7.C.4.3 Page 28
Three Factors for Conflict or Cooperation Record the three factors and provide a summary and examples from the text
SS.7.C.4.3 Page 29
Scenario Analysis
Read the scenario you are given and cite specific information from the text that summarizes the
answers to the questions below. Once you have completed the reading and listed your evidence,
state your opinion and explain why you think the U.S. should/should not have been involved in the
conflict and what the U.S. could have done differently (if anything).
Include the following information
Name of conflict
Why did the U.S. get involved?
Who else was involved in the conflict?
What methods did the U.S. use to deal with the conflict?
What was the outcome?
Do you think the U.S. should or should not have gotten involved in the conflict?
What, if anything, could the U.S. have done differently?
Primary Source Analysis
What is happening in this photograph?
What are some of the details that stand out to you?
What is the issue that this photograph is focusing on?
Does the photograph tell some kind of a story? If so, what do you think the story is?
How do the photographs provide an additional perspective or understanding of the war?
How do the photographs relate to what you already know?
SS.7.C.4.3 Page 30
Review Questions
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
1. Underline at least two key terms from the question or answer choices that help you answer the question.
2. What is the question asking you to do?
3. Eliminate two incorrect answer choices and explain why you believe it is wrong-inside the question box.
4. Circle the correct answer choice and explain how you arrived at this conclusion-inside the question box.
Which presidential action was based on Article I of the U.S. Constitution?
A. John F. Kennedy’s statements about missiles in Cuba
B. Franklin Roosevelt asking Congress to declare was or Japan
C. Dwight Eisenhower’s statements about communism in Africa
D. George H. Bush asking Congress to commit troops for Gulf War I
The newspaper headline below describes an event in U.S. history.
Which course of action taken by the United States is represented in the headline?
A. Treaty ratification
B. Veto override
C. Diplomacy
D. Terrorism