civbritanica.docx

7/27/2019 civbritanica.docx

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Transilvania University of Brasov

Faculty of foreign and literatures / Letters

Development of English French

Majesty and decay of feudalism

Supervisor Student

Senior Lecturer Ph.D. Oana-Andreea PRNU Ana Maria NICULESCU

Brasov 2012


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Contents

Abstract: ............................................................................................................................................. 3

Key words : ......................................................................................................................................... 3

Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 4I -Eduard I . Internal administration . Origin and development of the Parliament ............................ 4

II Eduard I and the Celts . Defeat in Scotland . Eduard II ................................................................... 5

III Hundred Years War . First English capitalists ............................................................................... 6

Introduction

Abstract

Key words

I Eduard I . Internal administration . Origin and development of the Parliament

II Eduard I and the Celts . Defeat in Scotland . Eduard II

III Hundred Years War . First English capitalists

IV Internal and external context in ascenting to the throne

V Elisabeth I and Maria Stuart

VI Great Elisabethan era . Theater , poetry , filosofy , music . Architecture and painting . Education

.

Conclusion

Bibliography


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Abstract:

Key words : Roman invasion

Norman

Government


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Introduction

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is a sovereign state

located off the north-western coast of continental Europe.The form of government is a

constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary system. The capital city is London. The UK

consists of four constituent countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.The

history of formation of the United Kingdom it was in close contact with the English state .

We can consider that England was the main pylon , on the basis of which the edifice of

Britain arised .

I -Eduard I . Internal administration . Origin and development of the Parliament

In 1066 , the Saxons peasants realized the value of the normand order . WhenEduard I ascend on the throne , the fusion between patricians and plebeians and between

castellans and peasants is almost complete and the person of the king is its symbol . His

target is the achievement of United Kingdom , subjugating Wales , then Scotland . Under

his reign , English language starts to be spoken again. His laws exerts a big influence on

the country social structure .

After the Wales conquest he requests to receive the king Arthurs crown . His

slogan was : Keep troth . . . Pactum serva . His hobbies were hunting and the turnirs .

He was irritable , vain , stubborn , sometimes rough , but worker , honest and rational and a

very good leader .

Some of the nowadays laws from England dates from Eduard I reign . At the

beginning of his reign , he started an investigation on the whole kingdom to know why the

nobils owned the power ; the investigation was received with hate by the nobils .

Under his reign , the kingdom hadnt any irremediable conflict with the church

. But between the civil power and the religious power the conflicts were numerous . The

biggest conflict was in 1296 when Bonifaciu the VIIIthbanned the clergy to pay taxes to

the authorities . Eduard I was really angry when he heard that so he ordered to sequester all

the church goods and the monks wool .

The government expenses increased with its attribution , and the old taxes (

feudal aids and geld ) werent enough anymore . His additional incomes are : scout money

, the redemption tax by the military service ( disappears in 1322), the tax on the real estate

and land , the vamal taxes . In 1290 , Eduard I expelled all the jews from England . The

cruciades failure borned hate between britains and them . The jews were accused by all the

crimes .

Under the Eduard I reign , it appears for the first time a parliament with two

rooms . Its origins is The Great Concil of the nomads souverans . Nowadays , if we enterthe House of Lords , the throne reminds us that the King is the president of the assembly .


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The Chancellor sits on a bag of wool because he calls the council, by the Kings order . In

the past the council had 70 members : 5 comitts , 17 barons , 48 officials .

II Eduard I and the Celts . Defeat in Scotland . Eduard II

Eduard I is the first who tried to conquer all the British Islands . He was trained

for this mission since he was a teenager . In 1252 his father gave him Irland, the Chester

Commitate , the Kings land from Wales , the anglo-nomads isles and Gasconia . When

Eduard I became king , Llywelyn did the mistake to believe that he would continue to play

in England the coach role between souverans and barons . Eduard I wasnt like Henric IIIrd

and got disturbed by the Welshman tricks.

In 1277, he starts an successful expedition in Wales. After that, he started to

have a peaceful politic; he treated Llywelyn and his brother David with generosity. Then,he began to administrate Wales after the English system. He built comitates, courts and

sent there judges who had to apply the Common Law. The welshmans protested because

they wanted to keep their old customs. But Eduard rejected their protests which had as

consequences an uprising. Also, Llywelyn and David violated the vow, which Eduard

didnt agree with it.As a result he ordered the Davids death by hanging; Llywelyn was

killed in a battle.

In 1301 the king gave to his son Eduard II, borned in Wales and raised by a

Welshwoman nanny, the title of Wales Prince. Although from that moment, the laws

were welsh, the Wales couldnt send members into the parliament.

Although he succeded into the battle from Wales, he failed the battle against

the celts from Scotland. A feudal monarchy was established there, at a same level of

civilization as the anglo-normand civilization. After the death of the Scotland king, Eduard

made a proposalhis son marry the kings only daughter and the 2 kingdoms to merge.

The idea seemed to be accepted by Scottish, so Eduard sent a ship to bring the girl.

King Arthur was old, invalid, but he swore that he will punish the Scottish and

if he wins, he will never be against Christians and he will go in the Saint Land to die. This

last campaign ended his life. He ordered that his heart to be taken to the Saint Land and hisbones to the battle.

Eduard II gives up immediately of conquering Scotland and when he was

obliged to fight again, he lost the Battle from Bannockburn. Eduard II wasnt interested at

all about the kingdoms affairs; he loved music and manual labor. Eduard II needed to

abdicate in favour of his son, Eduard III, who wanted to be a powerful king just as his

grandfather.


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III Hundred Years War . First English capitalists

A war between France and England couldnt be avoided. King of England

owned legally Guyenne and Gasconia, which were needed by the king of France for the

territorial fullfiment of his kingdom. The French king helped, against the king of England,

Scotland, which he needed to conquer to feel safe on his island.

The 100 years war was actually a feudal war, a national war. At the beginning

of the war, Eduard III tried to ally not only his flamands villages, but also the king.

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