CITY OF BRAMPTON TRANSPORTATION MASTER …...MODEL VALIDATION | NOVEMBER 2013 6 CITY OF BRAMPTON TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN UPDATE 3.0 DEMAND REVIEW 3.1 Super Zones A two-tier system

CITY OF BRAMPTONTRANSPORTATION MASTER PLANUPDATE

NOVEMBER 2013

TECHNICAL REPORT #1 - MODEL VALIDATION

MODEL VALIDATION | NOVEMBER 2013

1

CITY OF BRAMPTON

TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN UPDATE

Document Control:

Client: City of Brampton

Project Name: City of Brampton Transportation Master Plan Update

Report Title: Brampton Model Validation

MMM Reference: 1613074-001-T01

Version: 1

Originator: Mausam Duggal, Keyur Shah, Qingjie Zeng

Reviewer: Peter Hillier

Authorization: Peter Hillier

Circulation List:


2

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction ........................................................................................ 4

2.0 Supply Review ................................................................................... 5

2.1 Road Network ................................................................................. 5

2.2 Transit Network .............................................................................. 5

3.0 Demand Review ................................................................................. 6

3.1 Super Zones ............................................................................................... 6

3.2 Population/Employment Distribution ....................................................... 7

3.3 Trip Generation .......................................................................................... 7

3.3.1 Total Trips ........................................................................................ 7

3.3.2 Special Generator Trips ................................................................... 8

3.4 Mode Split ................................................................................................... 9

3.5 Trip Distribution ....................................................................................... 11

3.6 Assignment ............................................................................................... 14

3.6.1 Auto Assignment ............................................................................ 14

3.6.2 Highway 407 Performance ............................................................. 17

3.6.3 Travel Times in Key Corridors........................................................ 19

3.6.4 Transit Assignment ........................................................................ 20

3.6.5 Zum Performance .......................................................................... 23

List of Figures:

Figure 1: Tier 1 Super Zone System ......................................................................................... 6 Figure 2: Tier 2 Super Zone System - City of Brampton ............................................................ 6 Figure 3: City of Brampton - 2011 Census Distribution of Population and Employment ............ 7 Figure 4: P.M. Peak Period Boardings by Mode (Brampton Transit Only) .............................. 10 Figure 5: Screenline Definitions ............................................................................................... 14 Figure 6: 2011 Updated Model and Observed Screenline V/C Ratios - Peak Direction .......... 16 Figure 7: 2011 Updated Trip Length Frequency Distribution - Highway 407 ........................... 18 Figure 8: P.M. Peak Period Ridership in the City of Brampton - 2011 Updated Model ............ 20 Figure 9: 2011 P.M. Peak Period Updated Model Boardings and Alightings ........................... 23

List of Tables: Table 1: P.M. Peak Period Trip Generation - City of Brampton ................................................. 8 Table 2: P.M. Peak Period Comparison - Special Generator .................................................... 8 Table 3: 2011 Updated Model P.M. Peak Period Trips by Mode ............................................... 9 Table 4: TTS vs Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Trips for all Modes* ...................... 11 Table 5: TTS vs Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Trips for Local Transit Only .......... 12 Table 6: TTS vs Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Transit Trips (City of Brampton Only) ........................................................................................................................................ 13 Table 7: P.M. Peak Hour and Peak Direction Comparison of Observed vs Updated Model Auto Assignment ..................................................................................................................... 15


3

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Table 8: P.M. Peak Hour and Off-Peak Direction Comparison of Observed vs Updated Model Auto Assignment ..................................................................................................................... 15 Table 9: 2011 Updated Model System Metrics ........................................................................ 17 Table 10: Comparison of Highway 407 P.M. Peak Hour Assignment - Updated Model to Observed Counts .................................................................................................................... 17 Table 11: 2011 Updated Model Travel Time Comparison ....................................................... 19 Table 12: P.M. Peak Period Modeled vs Observed Boardings - 2011 ..................................... 22


4

CITY OF BRAMPTON


1.0 Introduction This report documents the performance of the City of Brampton’s Simplified GTA Model, and existing baseline conditions for the 2011 horizon year. The model is hereafter referred to as BSGM, and its performance is measured using the 2011 TTS and 2011 Cordon Count Data, wherever possible. This report is a “living document”, which will be updated as additional input and validation data is made available, and further refinements are completed in Stage 2 of the model update. Through the course of the model review exercise, the team has made updates to the BSGM in order to improve its performance and forecasting abilities. These improvements have spanned both the demand (four-stages) and supply (auto and transit network) side of the BSGM. The report is divided into two primary sections. First, supply review, which addresses the accuracy of the 2011 road and transit networks to reflect existing (2011) conditions. Second, demand review, which encompasses the trip generation, trip distribution, mode split, and the road and transit assignment stages of the BSGM. The sequence in which the four-stages of the model are presented has been altered to maintain a logical flow for discussion purposes, and does not reflect the actual internal workings of the BSGM. Throughout the report we have identified issues (blue badge) with the model and the corresponding timelines to address them. Updates which were deemed critical to the development of the Development Charge study have been identified as Stage 1 (orange badge) and the results presented in this document reflect those updates. Updates that would predominantly benefit the Transportation Master Plan process are identified as Stage 2 (green badge), and planned for February 2014.

Issues

Stage 2 Update

Stage 1 Update


5

CITY OF BRAMPTON


2.0 Supply Review

2.1 Road Network

A review of the 2011 road network within the City of Brampton and its immediate vicinity was completed. The network was compared to information provided by the City of Brampton staff as well as to satellite images of the areas under question. The review addressed the following network characteristics:

Number of lanes; Link speeds; Volume-delay-functions; Per lane link capacity; and, Length and number of Centroid Connectors within Traffic Analysis Zones

(TAZs) in key corridors. A detailed listing of the changes is presented in Appendix A.

2.2 Transit Network A comprehensive review of the transit networks in the City of Brampton and City of Mississauga was also completed, checking for consistency across the following characteristics:

Line itineraries; Headways; Speeds; Bus stops; and, Walk connectors to transit lines.

A detailed listing of the changes is presented in Appendix B. Of note, the review of the transit networks was not limited to local transit services, but also intra-regional services such as GO Transit that are operating within the City of Brampton.

Stage 1 Update

Stage 1 Update


6

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.0 DEMAND REVIEW

3.1 Super Zones A two-tier system of super zones was created to assist in the validation of the model. The first tier divided the entire GTHA into a series of nine internal and one external super zone, as shown in Figure 1. The second tier divides the City of Brampton into six super zones, as shown in Figure 2.

Figure 1: Tier 1 Super Zone System

Figure 2: Tier 2 Super Zone System - City of Brampton


7

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.2 Population/Employment Distribution Figure 3 shows the 2011 census-based distribution of population and employment in the City of Brampton. The area south of Queen Street and east of Main Street is predominantly employment based, including sections along Torbram Road and Airport Road. The rest of the city is primarily residential with some employment lands. The 2011 population and employment for the City of Brampton are as follows:

Population: 510,002 Employment: 181,930

3.3 Trip Generation 3.3.1 Total Trips The trips generated by the model for the 2011 model were compared to the 2011 TTS data. The model over reports trip productions and trip attractions by close to 8% and 9%, respectively, when compared to the 2011 TTS data.

Figure 3: City of Brampton - 2011 Census Distribution of Population and Employment

Population – 15,000 Employment – 7,500


8

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Table 1: P.M. Peak Period Trip Generation - City of Brampton * all modes represent auto driver, auto passenger, GO rail, local transit only Given the preliminary nature of the 2011 TTS data and the marginal under reporting to be expected in the TTS (3%-5%), this discrepancy in the total trips is not a cause of concern for Stage 1 of the update. However, this discrepancy can inflate trips by non-auto modes of transportation, such as local transit and GO Rail, warranting an investigation for Stage 2 of the model update. 3.3.2 Special Generator Trips Special generators in the model represent traffic analysis zones (TAZs) that have very different trip making characteristics from the surrounding TAZs, thereby having the potential to make a major impact on the transportation system. An important consideration for identifying special generators is that they be represented by a single TAZ with no other land uses within it so that their impact can be isolated and quantified. In general, special generators are represented by large shopping malls, educational institutions, hospitals, military bases etc. Within the City of Brampton there are a number of such potential special generators, as shown in Appendix C. However, only a few could be studied because most of the special generators were integrated with other land uses. For example, The Brampton Civic Hospital at the intersection of Bovaird Drive and Bramalea Road by definition is a special generator, but the TAZ that it lies in (TAZ # 1719) includes residential sub-divisions to the north and east. A similar situation was encountered for the Bramalea Civic Centre and Shoppers World. The Sheridan College campus located at the intersection of McLaughlin Road and Steeles Avenue West is represented by a single TAZ (TAZ # 1905) in the model, which allowed the comparison of the model trips to those estimated by the ITE Trip Generation Manual 7.0, as shown in Table 2. The results show that the BGSM’s trip estimates for Sheridan College are within 10% of those estimated by the ITE Manual. Table 2: P.M. Peak Period Comparison - Special Generator

Generator Name

TAZ

Model ITE Estimate Model - ITE

Estimate Model / ITE

Estimate

Prod Attr Prod Attr Prod Attr Prod Attr

Sheridan College

1905 1,648 772 1,523 717 125 55 1.08 1.08

* The PM peak hour ITE trips were expanded to the PM peak period using a factor of 0.37

Mode Productions Attractions

2011 TTS 2011 Model 2011 TTS 2011 Model

All Modes* 197,401 212,233 234,151 254,936

Issue: Special Generators

Stage 2 Update

Issue: Overreporting of trips

Stage 2 Update


9

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.4 Mode Split The City of Brampton has recently implemented a new modal split sub-model as part of the BGSM. This new approach uses a look up table to assign mode split percentages based on transit level of service, stratified geographically between the City of Toronto and the rest of the GTHA. The macro requires two input files, which allow the user to control the percentage of modal split adjustment for each TAZ. First, a file that contains the municipal (Planning District) adjustment factors (area.prn), and second, a lookup table with transit modal split values based on the level of service criteria (ms_input.prn). One of the significant discrepancies in the original BGSM revolved around the “Other Transit” mode. The original 2011 model reported 9,239 transit trip productions and 11,422 transit trip attractions, for the 2011 P.M. peak period. Both these P.M. peak period trips were not only significantly lower than the 2011 TTS estimates (Table 3), but also lower than the 2006 TTS estimates, which reported 9,307 transit trip productions and 13,012 transit trip attractions. During the course of the model review, it was decided to update the inputs in the area.prn file that contains the municipal (Planning District) adjustment factors to improve the BGSM’s estimated transit trips. This approach allows the user to focus adjustments to the City of Brampton only, as opposed to the lookup table (ms_input.prn), which is applied based on a TAZs level of service rating and affects TAZs outside the City of Brampton as well. Table 3 compares the 2011 P.M. peak period trips by mode after the above update, and the auto and transit updates listed in Appendix A and B.

Table 3: 2011 Updated Model P.M. Peak Period Trips by Mode

* all modes represent auto driver, auto passenger, GO rail, local transit only The mode shares estimated by the BSGM are relatively close to observed 2011 TTS values. However, the GO Rail mode exhibits close to 45% more trip attractions and consequently higher mode shares than observed. This GO Rail discrepancy between the 2011 TTS and the model can be attributed partly to the over reporting of total trips (Table 1) by the BSGM. There is a possibility to dampen the “GO Rail destinations” input file and bring the trips in-line with observed values, but this refinement is best suited for Stage 2 of the model update.

Mode

Productions Attractions

2011 TTS 2011 Model 2011 TTS 2011 Model

Auto Person 186,760 (94.6%) 201,435 (94.9%) 213,389 (91.1%) 231,647 (90.8%)

GO Rail 96 (0.1%) 46 (0%) 3,921 (1.6%) 5,677 (2.3%)

Other Transit 10,545 (5.3%) 10,752 (5.1%) 16,841 (7.1%) 17,612 (6.9%)

All Modes* 197,401 (100%) 212,233 (100%) 234,151 (100%) 254,936 (100%)

Stage 1 Update

Issue: GO Rail Trips

Stage 2 Update


10

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Figure 4 shows P.M. peak period boardings by mode for transit lines operated by the City of Brampton. As expected, close to 84% (15,686 peak period boardings) of the P.M. peak period boardings take place on the local transit system, with the express Zum service accounting for the remaining 16%. Of note, this does not represent boardings that take place on transit systems operated by other municipalities, such as Mississauga Transit, GO Transit etc., within the City boundary. Given the relatively short time that the Zum service was operational prior to 2011, it represents a substantial share of the total boardings and is expected to continue to rise as the service is refined and expanded.

Figure 4: P.M. Peak Period Boardings by Mode (Brampton Transit Only)


11

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.5 Trip Distribution The trip distribution from the 2011 model was compared to the 2011 P.M. peak period TTS data, as shown in Table 4 and Table 5. Trips internal to the City account for close to 69% of the entire P.M. peak period trip making, followed by the City of Mississauga, and the City of Toronto. Table 3. TTS vs. Updated Model – 2011 P.M. Peak Period Trips for All Modes*

* all modes represent auto driver, auto passenger, GO rail, local transit only Transit (non-GO Rail) is a key mode of transportation for trips to, from, and internal to the City due to the significant increase in congestion, introduction of the Zum express service, and the projected future population and employment growth in the City. In light of the above, Table 4 compares the 2011 modeled P.M. peak period transit (non-GO Rail) distribution to the observed 2011 TTS distribution.

City of

Toronto

Durham

RegionYork Region

Town of

Caledon

City of

Brampton

City of

Mississauga

Halton

Region

Hamilton

RegionExternal Area

Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 8 Group 9

City of Toronto 1,057,802 54,673 155,899 4,608 32,794 71,912 23,807 6,805 13,194 14% 1,421,494

Durham Region 16,442 227,700 7,620 87 511 1,056 441 365 7,933 0% 262,155

York Region 94,165 17,165 353,998 3,166 9,148 7,846 2,925 973 16,017 4% 505,403

Town of Caledon 1,609 56 1,551 9,974 3,825 753 555 139 3,151 2% 21,613

City of Brampton 12,605 736 7,058 5,010 136,756 20,989 7,674 1,166 5,407 58% 197,401

City of Mississauga 50,686 2,729 13,958 2,824 42,899 238,588 36,752 7,521 9,052 18% 405,009

Halton Region 8,463 574 1,990 696 5,083 20,238 187,221 31,434 7,384 2% 263,083

Hamilton Region 3,002 451 903 120 831 3,333 17,668 434,259 4,208 0% 464,775

External Area 4,337 3,018 6,830 1,724 2,304 4,068 5,270 4,961 1% 32,512

6% 0% 4% 3% 69% 11% 4% 1% 3% 100%

1,249,111 307,102 549,807 28,209 234,151 368,783 282,313 487,623 66,346 3,573,445

2011 TTS

% of Brampton Total Production

Total Attraction

Planning Districts% of Brampton

Total

Attraction

Total

Production

City of

Toronto

Durham

RegionYork Region

Town of

Caledon

City of

Brampton

City of

Mississauga

Halton

Region

Hamilton

RegionExternal Area


City of Toronto 1,162,482 54,117 161,172 7,033 34,408 76,337 26,119 5,669 14,914 13% 1,542,251

Durham Region 14,065 258,870 9,318 231 815 862 245 193 12,001 0% 296,600

York Region 95,740 23,143 398,695 4,935 11,424 9,518 3,715 1,173 15,211 4% 563,554

Town of Caledon 1,844 101 3,096 15,165 5,385 1,615 515 109 5,567 2% 33,397

City of Brampton 12,849 843 7,320 7,587 146,732 20,343 7,835 1,219 7,505 58% 212,233

City of Mississauga 51,059 2,975 13,575 4,210 45,742 279,306 38,987 4,990 13,357 18% 454,201

Halton Region 8,332 792 2,959 644 6,311 23,174 205,684 25,985 10,737 2% 284,618

Hamilton Region 2,012 172 821 201 787 2,239 13,873 236,816 5,385 0% 262,306

External Area 6,454 8,385 8,164 3,452 3,332 3,892 7,175 4,673 ‐ 1% 45,527

6% 0% 3% 4% 69% 10% 4% 1% 4% 100%

1,354,837 349,398 605,120 43,458 254,936 417,286 304,148 280,827 84,677 3,694,687

2011 M

odel

Total Attraction


Total

Attraction

Total

Production


Table 4: TTS vs. Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Trips for all Modes*


12

CITY OF BRAMPTON


As shown in Table 4, the revised municipal adjustment factors (documented in Section 2.4) result in a very accurate fit of 2011 modeled transit trip distributions to the 2011 TTS data. The modeled 2011 transit trip attractions to the City of Brampton are marginally over reported (5%). This is not a significant discrepancy that would warrant any further adjustment to the transit parameters during Stage 1 of the model update. A similar comparison of transit trips was also completed using the second tier super zones, as shown in Table 6.

City of

Toronto

Durham

RegionYork Region

Town of

Caledon

City of

Brampton

City of

Mississauga

Halton

Region

Hamilton

RegionExternal Area


City of Toronto 361,005 2,636 26,169 51 4,633 11,569 725 698 1,136 28% 408,622

Durham Region 943 7,282 199 ‐ ‐ 70 30 ‐ 67 0% 8,591

York Region 8,725 27 12,353 ‐ 413 124 ‐ ‐ 16 2% 21,658

Town of Caledon 45 ‐ ‐ 28 143 ‐ ‐ ‐ 1% 216

City of Brampton 876 ‐ 122 51 8,244 1,189 18 ‐ 45 49% 10,545

City of Mississauga 5,431 ‐ 158 18 3,000 18,185 281 158 136 18% 27,367

Halton Region 50 ‐ ‐ ‐ 126 679 3,634 366 39 1% 4,894

Hamilton Region 419 37 24 ‐ 84 431 987 24,427 78 0% 26,487

External Area 220 45 66 17 198 463 95 27 1% 1,131

8% 0% 1% 0% 78% 11% 0% 0% 0% 100%

377,714 10,027 39,091 165 16,841 32,710 5,770 25,676 1,517 509,511


Total Attraction

2011 TTS


Total

Attraction

Total

Production

City of

Toronto

Durham

RegionYork Region

Town of

Caledon

City of

Brampton

City of

Mississauga

Halton

Region

Hamilton

RegionExternal Area


City of Toronto 334,435 3,016 37,356 1,835 4,756 13,387 2,220 1,182 ‐ 27% 398,187

Durham Region 501 9,329 13 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0% 9,843

York Region 10,051 394 15,733 ‐ 689 98 ‐ 6 ‐ 4% 26,971

Town of Caledon 28 ‐ ‐ 1,134 ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0% 1,162

City of Brampton 859 ‐ 137 ‐ 8,581 1,119 56 ‐ ‐ 49% 10,752

City of Mississauga 3,982 30 161 ‐ 3,503 21,886 621 134 ‐ 20% 30,317

Halton Region 20 ‐ ‐ 11 53 846 5,005 831 ‐ 0% 6,766

Hamilton Region 229 ‐ 15 ‐ 30 223 584 26,847 ‐ 0% 27,928

External Area ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ ‐ 0% ‐

8% 0% 1% 0% 80% 10% 1% 0% 0% 100%

350,105 12,769 53,415 2,980 17,612 37,559 8,486 29,000 ‐ 511,926

2011 M

odel

Total Attraction


Total

Attraction

Total

Production


Table 5: TTS vs. Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Trips for Local Transit Only


13

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Although the total modeled transit trips (internal to Brampton) are within 4% of the 2011 observed transit trips, there are substantial variations between the super zones. The most significant discrepancy exists in trip attractions to super zone 1 (Downtown Brampton), which is under represented by close to 70%, and subsequently, super zone 2 and 3 which exhibit significantly higher trip attractions. The model does not contain any explicit input file or “lever” that can be used to correct this imbalance, thus a number of different methodologies can be implemented to address this issue. For example, introducing more refinement to the super zone geography (such as the tier 2 super zone system) within the City, will allow the implementation of different municipal adjustment factors. In addition, new categories in the transit mode split lookup table (ms_input.prn) can be created to capture the uniqueness of Downtown Brampton. The final methodology will be arrived upon after a detailed assessment and is best suited for Stage 2 of the model update.

Super Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total Mod/Obs

1 151 317 366 318 661 2 1,815 1.10

2 75 172 225 161 240 1 874 1.33

3 87 84 184 147 78 - 580 0.65

4 236 665 971 915 840 2 3,629 1.19

5 156 293 165 189 822 5 1,630 0.84

6 2 10 6 6 29 - 53 1.06

Total 707 1,541 1,917 1,736 2,670 10 8,581 1.04

Mod/Obs 0.31 1.40 1.88 1.22 1.12 0.42 1.04 1.04

2011

Model

Super Zone 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total

1 598 204 156 245 454 - 1,657

2 137 200 - 73 247 - 657

3 286 85 304 192 23 - 890

4 700 299 480 762 773 24 3,038

5 531 310 78 156 854 - 1,929

6 27 - - - 23 - 50

Total 2,279 1,098 1,018 1,428 2,374 24 8,221

2011

TTS

Issue: Transit trip imbalance

Stage 2 Update

Table 6: TTS vs. Updated Model - 2011 P.M. Peak Period Transit Trips (City of Brampton Only)


14

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.6 Assignment

3.6.1 Auto Assignment The model’s auto performance was tested against a number of screenlines across the City. The screenlines are shown in Figure 5.

ns Table 7 and Table 8 compare the model’s auto assignment against observed counts for the P.M. peak hour.

Figure 5: Screenline Definitions


15

CITY OF BRAMPTON


* The GEH statistic is used to measure the amount of error in the simulated results versus the actual observed volumes. Good – GEH<5; Acceptable – 5<GEH<10; Not Acceptable – GEH>10

Good – GEH<5; Acceptable – 5<GEH<10; Not Acceptable – GEH>10

ID Target (Obs.) Model Modelled Ratio

# Auto Volume Capacity Volume Model/Obs

52A - Caledon boundary - W. Churchill to Heart Lake Northbound 31 2,164 9,150 2,184 20 1.01 0.4

52B - Hwy 410 South of Mayfield Northbound 61 1,697 3,600 2,230 533 1.31 12.0

52C - Caledon boundary - Dixie to Hwy 50 Northbound 63 3,457 9,200 4,663 1,206 1.35 18.9

South of Wanlass/Conservation Drive - W. Churchill to Heart Lake Northbound 11 3,456 9,450 2,423 -1,033 0.70 19.0

South of Countryside - Dixie to Hwy 50 Northbound 13 2,459 6,600 2,240 -219 0.91 4.5

84A - South of Bovaird - Heritage to South Lake Northbound 41 5,561 10,050 5,323 -238 0.96 3.2

84B - Hwy 410 South of Bovaird - Northbound 43 4,574 5,400 4,601 27 1.01 0.4

84C- South of Bovaird/Castlemore - Nasmith to Clarkway Northbound 45 5,897 13,800 7,275 1,378 1.23 17.0

South of Queen - W. Churchill to Rutherford Northbound 1 6,320 8,950 6,515 195 1.03 2.4

South of Queen - West Rd to Hwy 50 Northbound 5 4,705 7,300 4,581 -124 0.97 1.8

South of Steeles - W. Churchill to Hwy 410 Northbound 51 5,527 8,550 5,415 -112 0.98 1.5

42- Brampton/Mississauga Northbound 21 26,259 32,300 23,866 -2,393 0.91 15.1

31A- Brampton/Halton Westbound 33 7,093 11,850 8,065 972 1.14 11.2

West of Chinguacousy/Mavis Westbound 53 1,502 4,800 1,541 39 1.03 1.0

Highway 407 & Steeles Av at the Credit River Westbound 55 5,681 9,000 6,976 1,295 1.23 16.3

72A - E. of Hurontario Westbound 7 15,775 21,100 16,313 538 1.03 4.2

73- East of Hwy 410 Westbound 23 19,321 27,800 20,462 1,141 1.06 8.1

33B - Brampton/York Westbound 9 13,156 17,800 13,240 84 1.01 0.7

134,604 216,700 137,913 3,309 1.02 9.0

Model-Obs GEHScreenline

PM Peak Hour

Total

ID Target Model Modelled Ratio

# Auto Volume Capacity Solume Model/Obs

52A - Caledon boundary - W. Churchill to Heart Lake Southbound 32 1,817 7,350 1,513 -304 0.83 7.5

52B - Hwy 410 South of Mayfield Southbound 62 974 3,600 981 7 1.01 0.2

52C - Caledon boundary - Dixie to Hwy 50 Southbound 64 2,185 9,200 2,766 581 1.27 11.7

South of Wanlass/Conservation Drive - W. Churchill to Heart Lake Southbound 12 2,995 9,450 1,853 -1,142 0.62 23.2

South of Countryside - Dixie to Hwy 50 Southbound 14 1,609 6,600 1,127 -482 0.70 13.0

84A - South of Bovaird - Heritage to South Lake Southbound 42 3,814 10,050 3,590 -224 0.94 3.7

84B - Hwy 410 South of Bovaird - Southbound 44 2,293 5,400 3,228 935 1.41 17.8

84C- South of Bovaird/Castlemore - Nasmith to Clarkway Southbound 46 4,601 13,800 4,289 -312 0.93 4.7

South of Queen - W. Churchill to Rutherford Southbound 2 4,048 8,950 3,938 -110 0.97 1.7

South of Queen - West Rd to Hwy 50 Southbound 6 2,771 7,300 2,522 -249 0.91 4.8

South of Steeles - W. Churchill to Hwy 410 Southbound 52 4,014 8,550 3,762 -252 0.94 4.0

42- Brampton/Mississauga Southbound 22 16,322 32,300 15,160 -1,162 0.93 9.3

31A- Brampton/Halton Eastbound 34 4,110 11,850 5,243 1,133 1.28 16.6

West of Chinguacousy/Mavis Eastbound 54 1,195 4,800 1,188 -7 0.99 0.2

Highway 407 & Steeles Av at the Credit River Eastbound 56 4,667 9,000 5,662 995 1.21 13.8

72A - E. of Hurontario Eastbound 8 13,065 20,600 11,722 -1,343 0.90 12.1

73- East of Hwy 410 Eastbound 24 13,179 26,400 14,346 1,167 1.09 9.9

33B - Brampton/York Eastbound 10 9,474 17,800 10,361 887 1.09 8.9

93,132 213,000 93,251 119 1.00 0.4

Screenline

PM Peak Hour

SUM

Model-Obs GEH

Table 7: P.M. Peak Hour and Peak Direction Comparison of Observed vs. Updated Model Auto Assignment

Table 8: P.M. Peak Hour and Off-Peak Direction Comparison of Observed vs. Updated Model Auto Assignment

*


16

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Given the strategic nature of the BSGM and the significant variation that can be expected at individual screenlines due to localized congestion and routing choices, the model performs reasonably well. Of note, the original (prior to the updates listed in this report) 2011 model under reported 2,800 vehicles in the peak direction, and over reported 460 vehicles in the off-peak direction. Table 6 and 7 show that there exist substantial discrepancies at some individual screenlines (GEH>10). However, none of those screenlines are operating close to capacity, which suggests that the model’s performance is not distorting the current capacity constraints in the system. Figure 6 shows the 2011 observed and modeled volume-to-capacity ratios (v/c) across the screenlines, for the peak direction.

In the peak direction, only Screenline # 43 and Screenline # 21 have an observed v/c ratio of greater than 0.8 in; and, only screenline #43 exhibits a modeled v/c ratio of greater than 0.8. The analysis suggests that there is enough surplus capacity in the system to handle the P.M. peak hour demands. Of note, the screenlines used in the model traverse a wide area with substantially varying land uses. This tends to smooth out capacity deficiencies in the system. A problem compounded by the fact that strategic link level models do not capture local traffic operation issues well.

Figure 6: 2011 Updated Model and Observed Screenline VC Ratios - Peak Direction


17

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Thus, temporary congestion along key corridors such as Queen Street is not accurately represented through the screenline analysis. In the off-peak direction all the screenlines exhibit a v/c ratio of lesser than 0.8. Table 9 documents some key system metrics of the 2011 road network. These metrics will be also be used for benchmarking future network performance. Table 9: 2011 Updated Model System Metrics

System Metrics Year: 2011

Daily Vehicle Kilometers Traveled (VKT)* 10,819,960

Daily Vehicle Hours Travelled (VHT)* 199,198

Total Lane Kms 3,565

% VKT on v/c>0.8 3,084,929

% VHT on v/c>0.8 59,357

% Congested Lane Kms (v/c>0.8) 271

GHG Emissions 1141 kt**

*peak hour to daily conversion done using a multiplier of 10 **GHG emissions estimated for auto mode only

3.6.2 Highway 407 Performance Highway 407 runs along the southern boundary of the City of Brampton and plays a significant role in moving traffic to, from, and through the City. Given its importance and unique nature (toll road), a comparison of the 2011 modeled P.M. peak hour volumes and observed traffic was completed and is presented below in Table 10. Table 10: Comparison of Highway 407 P.M. Peak Hour Assignment - Updated Model to Observed Counts

Station Location

2011 Cordon Count 2011 Modeled GEH

EB WB EB WB EB WB

Highway 407 at Peel/York Boundary 5,323 8,148 6,066 6,072 10 25

Highway 407 East of Highway 410 3,561 5,244 5,307 7,068 26 23

Highway 407 East of Highway 10 3,762 5,942 4,881 7,195 17 15

Highway 407 at Credit River 3,372 4,613 4,511 6,016 18 19

Highway 407 West of Winston Churchill Blvd

1,912 3,994 3,609 5,238 32 18

Total 17,930 27,941 24,374 31,589 44 21

Good – GEH<5; Acceptable – 5<GEH<10; Not Acceptable – GEH>10 Results presented in Table 9 show that the model significantly over estimates 2011 P.M. peak hour volumes along Highway 407. This problem is not specific to the BSGM only; it is systemic to all the models built in the GTHA. The issues surrounding this over estimation are both fundamental (such as value-of-time estimates, different users have different value-of-times etc.) and operational (ramp penalties etc.).


18

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Further, travel behavior generally suggests that users on average will not use a toll highway to make short distance trips given the explicit out-of-pocket costs associated with the trip. Using this as a basis, the trip length frequency distribution along Highway 407 was computed for the updated 2011 model, and is shown in Figure 7.

The updated 2011 model estimates an average trip length of 11.36 kms for trips along Highway 407, as compared to an average of 19.48 kms reported by the Ministry of Transportation (MTO) at the 17th International EMME Users Conference (2003). The increase in congestion on the network between the 2003 Study and 2011 would have subsequently resulted in a rise in value-of-time relative to toll costs, thus making Highway 407 potentially more attractive to short distance trips; however, a nearly 41% increase in trip lengths is highly unlikely. The significant over estimation of modeled volumes along Hwy 407 (Table 9) and the relatively short average trip lengths (Figure 6) suggests that the highway is being used by a number of short distance trips. We strongly recommend addressing this issue in Stage 2 of the model update, using a “step function” approach that we have recently implemented for the York Region model.

Average Travel Length: 11.36 kms

Issue: Hwy 407 over estimation

Stage 2 Update

Figure 7: 2011 Updated Trip Length Frequency Distribution - Highway 407


19

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.6.3 Travel Times in Key Corridors Modeled travel times along key corridors in the City were compared to the 2010 Travel Time Survey conducted by MTO, and the results are presented in Table 11. The results reflect the updates that were carried out to the volume-delay-function definitions (shown in Appendix A), and the refinement of the auto and transit network.

The updated 2011 model shows significant improvement over the original 2011 model, although the total congested travel times (227 mins vs. 266.5 mins) are 15% faster than observed, in the peak direction. Of note, in the original 2011 model, the estimated congested travel times were 22% (207.8 mins vs. 266.57 mins) faster than observed values, in the peak direction. As shown in Table 10 there is room for improving the model’s congested travel time estimates. The improvements can be implemented by introducing node delays in the model or through an accurate representation of traffic operations in the corridor by adjusting link capacity. A table showing potential per lane capacity estimates stratified by road classification, surrounding land use, and traffic operations is presented in Appendix D, for discussion purposes. The appropriate methodology will be reviewed and implemented in Stage 2 of the model update.

Travel Time Survey 2011 Model Model / Survey Travel Time Survey 2011 Model Model / Survey

Airport Rd Steeles Ave and Mayfield Rd 12.10 12.42 1.03 15.12 9.47 0.63

Bovaird Dr Adamson St and Airport Rd 26.15 20.75 0.79 26.25 18.38 0.70

Bramalea Rd Steeles Ave and Bovaird Dr 8.53 7.90 0.93 10.02 7.07 0.71

Castlemore Rd Airport Rd and County Road 50 8.28 6.88 0.83 8.23 6.81 0.83

Chinguacousy Dr Steeles Ave and Mayfield Rd 13.33 13.18 0.99 13.43 11.85 0.88

Dixie Rd Hwy 407 and Mayfield Rd 15.72 13.31 0.85 14.08 12.12 0.86

Goreway Dr Steeles Ave and Castlemore Rd 7.82 8.24 1.05 8.05 6.05 0.75

Hurontario St /Main St

Derry Rd and Mayfield Rd 23.53 17.80 0.76 14.22 15.15 1.07

Hwy 50 Steeles Ave and Mayfield Rd 13.43 14.94 1.11 11.73 10.86 0.93

Kennedy Rd Derry Rd and Queen St 11.63 7.67 0.66 8.30 6.05 0.73

Mayfield Rd Winston Churchill Blvd and Hwy 50 26.23 25.03 0.95 26.97 23.22 0.86

Mississauga Rd Steeles Ave and Mayfield Rd 13.15 12.09 0.92 10.28 9.88 0.96

Queen St/Embleton Rd Winston Churchill Blvd and Hwy 50 34.87 27.24 0.78 33.27 25.11 0.75

Steeles Ave Winston Churchill Blvd and Hwy 50 34.62 23.94 0.69 29.58 20.90 0.71

The Gore Rd Castlemore Rd and Hwy 50 7.53 6.37 0.85 7.05 5.29 0.75

Winston Churchill Blvd Steeles Ave and Guelph St 9.65 9.78 1.01 8.55 8.15 0.95

266.57 227.54 0.85 245.13 196.36 0.80

Model / Survey

44% 7 within 10% 4 25%

69% 11 within 20% 8 50%

88% 14 within 30% 15 94%

Model / Survey

31% 5 within 10% 1 6%

50% 8 within 20% 5 31%

88% 14 within 30% 9 56%

Peak Direction Off‐Peak Direction

Summarized Results ‐ 2011 Model Post Update

Summarized Results ‐ 2011 Original Model

Total

Peak Direction Off‐Peak Direction

Roadway SegmentPeak Direction (N/W) Off-Peak Direction (S/E)

Issue: Lower travel times

Stage 2 Update

Table 11: 2011 Updated Model Travel Time Comparisons


20

CITY OF BRAMPTON


3.6.4 Transit Assignment The City of Brampton’s transit system is composed of two primary services. First, regular bus services; and second, the express Zum service along Main /Hurontario Street, and Queen Street. Figure 8 shows the P.M. peak period ridership across all the transit services within the City.

The key transit conduits in the City lie along existing and planned Zum corridors like Queen Street, Main/Hurontario Street, Steeles Avenue, and Bovaird Drive. Since the Steeles Avenue service started post 2011 it is highlighted as a future corridor (dashed line) along with the service on Bovaird Drive that is planned for early 2014. Table 12 compares the modeled to observed 2011 boardings in the P.M. peak period for 43 different transit routes in the City, including the Queen Street and Main/Hurontario Street Zum. The graph at the bottom of the table displays the difference between the modeled and observed boardings for each of the 43 transit lines. The blue bar represents higher model boardings, whereas the red bar represents lower model boardings. The BSGM estimates 975 more peak period boardings along the Edenbrook line when compared to observed counts. This over estimation is primarily due to the transit trip distribution patterns witnessed in Table 5, where transit trip attractions to super zone # 2 and # 3 were significantly over reported. Assessing the BSGM’s transit performance coupled with the transit trip distribution patterns it becomes apparent that either the 2011 TTS data or the 2011 boarding data is inaccurate. This is because although the BSGM is producing more P.M. peak

Figure 8: P.M. Peak Period Ridership in the City of Brampton - 2011 Updated Model


21

CITY OF BRAMPTON


period transit trips, it is 8% lower on the total boardings, especially in some key corridors such as Steeles Avenue and Queen Street. Given the rigor instituted by the City in collecting transit data it is reasonable to assume that the 2011 TTS, which is currently in a pre-release format, is under predicting P.M. peak period transit travel to, from, and within the City. The original 2011 P.M. peak period model under reported boardings by close to 15%.


22

CITY OF BRAMPTON


1 Queen 1,843 631 0.34 34

2 Main 771 809 1.05 1

3 McLaughlin 814 480 0.59 13

4 Chinguacousy 1,426 1,186 0.83 7

5 Bovaird 1,847 2,135 1.16 6

7 Kennedy 1,985 2,174 1.10 4

8 Centre 596 127 0.21 25

9 Vodden 357 941 2.64 23

10 South Industrial 161 73 0.46 8

11 Steeles 3,168 2,079 0.66 21

12 Grenoble 309 514 1.66 10

13 Avondale 110 8 0.07 13

14 Torbram 1,206 2,246 1.86 25

15 Bramalea 1,220 983 0.81 7

16 Southgate 197 38 0.19 15

17 Howden 323 111 0.34 14

18 Dixie 1,562 1,679 1.07 3

19 Fernforest 402 160 0.40 14

20 East Industrial 147 25 0.17 13

21 Heart Lake 38 30 0.80 1

23 Sandalwood 984 545 0.55 16

24 Van Kirk 223 524 2.35 16

25 Edenbrook 95 981 10.33 38

29 Williams 594 454 0.76 6

30 Airport Road 1,089 1,026 0.94 2

31 McVean 49 136 2.77 9

32 Father Tobin 107 114 1.06 1

33 Peter Robertson 68 84 1.23 2

40 Central Industrial 88 50 0.56 5

50 Gore Road 411 295 0.72 6

51 Steeles West 419 439 1.05 1

52 McMurchy 712 32 0.04 35

53 Oaklea 271 189 0.70 5

54 James Potter 394 172 0.44 13

92 Bramalea GO 29 87 3.00 8

115 Airport EXPRESS 169 508 3.00 18

501 Zum Queen 3,660 2,998 0.82 11

502 Zum Main 2,108 2,638 1.25 11

29,952 27,701 0.92 13Total

NumberModel

BoardingsModel /

ObservedRoute GEH

2011 Observed Boardings

Table 12: P.M. Peak Period Modeled vs. Observed Boardings - 2011


23

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Figure 9 highlights nodes with significant boardings and alightings in the City. Nodes with the highest transit activity lie along Steeles Avenue, Main/Hurontario Street, and along Bovaird Drive west of McLaughlin Road, which are all existing or planned Zum corridors, thus corroborating the transit planning efforts being undertaken by the City.

3.6.5 Zum Performance Results in Table 12 indicated that the BSGM is estimating 18% fewer boardings along Queen Street Zum and close to 25% more boardings along Main/Hurontario Street. The local transit trip distributions (Section 2.5) between the City of Brampton and the rest of the GTHA (Table 4), as well as within the City of Brampton (Table 5) do not highlight any significant underreporting of transit trips that could explain the fewer boardings being witnessed on Queen Street Zum. However, there are a number of other transit routes operating in the Queen Street corridor that could be potentially competing with the Zum system. Given that in the future all non-express routes will be removed from the Zum corridors this “cannibalizing” of trips is not expected to be an issue. The Main/Hurontario Street Zum is over reporting boardings by a little over 500 in the P.M. peak period, which can be primarily attributed to the higher trip attractions from the City of Mississauga. This is not a very critical issue and is expected to resolve itself as further refinements are carried out in Stage 2 of the model update.

1,000

2,000

2,500

Figure 9: 2011 P.M. Peak Period Updated Model Boardings and Alightings


24

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Appendix A. Changes to Auto Network

44

44

44

44

444444

44

6464

444444

44

5454

44

44

545444

44

54

54

4444

4444

5454

44

44

4343

4444

1212

43

43

34

34 4444

12

1212

122222 12

12

2222

12

12

1212

4444

4444

33

33

3333

5454 4444

54

54

43

43

44

4444

44

44

43 43

43

43

53

4444

54

54

54 54

64

64

4444

4444 43

43

44

44

4444

43

43

4444

44

44

44

6464

4444

4444

6464

4444

64

64

444444

44

444444

44

4444

64

64

64

64

6464

54

54

3434

6464

4444

444464

64

64

64

6464

4444

4444

6464

64

64

44

44

44

4422

22

4444

22

22

22

22

1212

12

12

2222

4343

1212

12

12

25

25

2525

12

12

4444

44

44

25

25

1212

4444

4444

4444

4444

44

44

4444

4444

4444

43

43

43

43

33

33

3333

00

33

33

3333

3434

3333

33

33

34

34

3434

34

34

3434

3333

33

33

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

53

53

33

33

6464

33

33

3333

34

34

34

34

6464

64

64

6464

6464

6464

6464

64

64

6464

64

64

6464

64

64

53

53

5353

53

53

5353

6464

3333

33

33 22

22

34

34

3434

43

43

4343

33

33

5353

33

33

3333

4343

33

33

43

43

4343

4343

43

43

53

53

5353

33

33

3333

53

53

33

33

22

22 33

33

64

64

64

64

6464

6464

5353

6464

64

64

53

53

53

53

5353

33

33

33

5353

5353

3333

64

64

5353

5353

4343

53

53

64

64

6464

53

53

5353

5353

4343

4343

6464

4343

43

43

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

5353

54

54

6464

5454

5454

53

53

6464

5353

5353

43

43

43

43

53

53

53

53

5353

5353

535353

53

53

53

5353

53

53

5353

53

53

5353

64 64

00

53

53

53

53

18

18

53 53

3333

33

33

64

64

00

33

33

33

33

34

34

3434

33

33

3333

6464

53

53 5353

53

53

64

64

1717

2525

12

12

1212

18

18

2525

25

25

1717

17

17

43

43

4444

4343

4343

43

43

43

43

43

43

4343

43

4343

43

64

64

6464

64

64

64

64

64 64

6464

6464

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

6464

6464

6464

6464

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

6464

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

646464

64

5353

53

53

5353

53

53

6464

64

64

6464

6464

6464

6464

43

43

4343

53

53

53

64

64

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

6464

43

43

4444

5454

54

54

6464

64

64

6464

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

33

33

3333

6464

33

33

22

22

3333

33

33

22

22

1212

2525

2525

12

12

25

25

2525

1212

12

12 2525

1818

2525

2525

1717

17

17

1818

3333

3333

33

33

2525

2525

17

17

25

25

18

18

1717

1717

17

17

17

172525

5353 18

18

5353

53

53

53

53 5353

18

18

1717

17

17

25

2517

17

1717

17

1717

17

2525

17

17

1717

17

17

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

3333

33

33

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

33

33

3333

646464

64

53

53

5353

5353

53

53

54

54

2525

53

53

5353

64

64 64

64

53

53

5353

64

64

54

54

12

12

12

12

6464

64

646464

64

6464

64

6464

64

64

6464

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

6464

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

2222 22

22

3333

33

33

22

22

22

22

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

00

00

33

33

33

33

64

3333

4444

44

44

3333

34

34

33

33

33

33

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

33

33

3333 4

444

33

33

33

33

4444

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

4343

5454

5454

43

43

4343

33

33

3333

3333

34

34

33

3333

33

3333

34

34

33

33

33

33

3333

54

33

33

54

54 4

343

5454

5454

64

64

54

54

33

3354

54

33

33

5454

54

54

54

54

3333

54

54

3333

5454

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

33

33

54

54

3333

3333

54

54

3333

33

33

54

54

33

33

54

54

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

64

64

64

6433

33

33

33

3434

34

34

33

33

33

33

54

54

3333

3333

64

64

33

33

3434

3333

44

44

34

34

6464

3434

34

34

5454

3434

5454

3434

33

33

1818

4444

3333

33

33

44

44

34

34

33

33

33

33

3434

34

34

6464

44

44

5454

54

54

33

33

3333

34

34

33

333434

3333

34

34

3434

54

54

3333 3

434

33

33

33

33

44

44

3333

3333

44

44

5454

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

44

44

4444

3333

33

333333

33

33

33

33

33

33

5454

3333

3333

3434

34

34 33

33

3333 3

434

3333

33

33 34

34

33

33

3333 33

33

33

33

5454

3333

54

54

3434

18

18

34

34

3434

34

34

6464

4444

44

44

3333

18

18

34

34

3434

34

34

3434

5454

5454

44

4454

544444

33

33

5454

3333

5454

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

34

34

3434

54

54

54

54

5454 3

333

4343 54

54

33

33

4343 0

0

3333

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

3333 3

434

3434

34

34

17

17

34

34

3333

33

33

33

33

33

3434

34

34

5454

4343

33

33

3434

34

34

64

64

6464

54

54

33

33

3434

33

33

33

33

33

333333

33

33

3333

54

5454

54

4444

3333

33

33

34

34

3333

33

33

33

33

54543

333

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

5454

33

33

54

54 54

54

54

54

5454

33

33

33

33

54

54

5454

4444

5454

44

44

54

54

44

44

4444

44

44

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

5454

54

54

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

5454

54

54

5454

5434

34

34

54

54

5454 54

54

33

335454

33

33

54

5400

5454

54

54

33

33

33

33

33

33

54

54

5454

33

33

5454

5454

54

54

3434

34

34

54

54

34

34

3434

64

64

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

3434

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

3434

3434

33

33

33

33

34

34

3333

33

33

34

3434

34

3434

3434

3434

34

34

3434

34

34 34

54

3434

3333

33

33

3454

3333

3454

3333

34

34

34

54

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

34

34

34

34

3434

64

64

54

54

33

33

3333

54

54

54

54

34

34

33

33

3434

33

33

34

34

3434 64

6434

34

3434

34

34

3434

34

34

54

54

3434

33

33

33

33

44

44

3434

34

34

3434

34

34

34

34

54

54

3434

3434

54

54 34

34

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

4444

44

44

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54 4444 54

54

44

44

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

5454

54

54 4

444

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

5454

54

54

44

44

44

44

64

64

44

44

44

4454

54

00

33

33

3333

44

44

54

54

5454

4444

4444

44

44

6464

3434

4444

44

44

34

34

4444

44

44

33

33

54

54

5454

33

33

44

44

33

334444

33

33

4444

44

44

54

54

4444

44

444444

3434

33

33

3434

3434

34

345454

33

3334

34

3333

54

54

3333

64

64

33

33

64

64

33

33

3333

6464

54

54

33

33 33

33

33

333333

3333

3333

3434

5454

3434

34

34

6464

5454

5454 6

464

34

34

343464

64

5454

3434

5454

3434 5

454

34

34

3434 34

34

34

34

34

34

64

64

3434

5454

3333

33

33

5454

54

54

33

33

3434

33

33

34

34

5454

54

54

34

34

4444 54

54

5454

34

34

54

5434

345454

44

44

34

34

4444 34

34

54

54

54

54

44

44

4444 64

64

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

5454

44

44

54

54

54

54

4444

54

54

54

54 54

54

5454

54

54

44

44

44

444444

4444

44

44

4444

3434

44

44

44

44

4444

44

44

4444

44

44

4444

4444

5454

54

54

54

54

6464

44

44

54

54

4444

6464

44

44

4444

5454

44

44

4444

54

54

44

44

5454

4444

2222

12

12

64

64

4444

4444

6464

1212

44

44

4444

64

64

44

44

44

44

44

44

4444

1212

4444

44

44

4444

2222

34

34

3434

6464

64

64

4444

3434

3434

54

54

5454

3434

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

6464

33

33

3333

2222

34

34

3434

5454

3434

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

3333

5454

3333

54

54

2222

12

12

34

34

34345

454

54

54

3333

33

33

3333

44

44

44

44

4444

44

44

44

44

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

34

34

34

34

33

33

3333 54

54

5454

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

3354

54

54

54 33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

54

54

5454

5454

33

33

54

54

3333 44

4433

33

3333

34

34

3434

34

34

5454

54

54

33

33

3434

3333

3434

54

54

5454

5454

33

33

3333

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

5454

33

33

54

54

3333

54545

454

33

33

4444

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

4444

44

44

44

44

4444

44

44

4444

44

44

4444

33

33

3333

54

5444

44

4444

3333

5454

33

33

4444

44

44

44

4444

44

4444 44

44

3333 44

44

44

44

4444

34

34

4444

3434

54

54

3434

54

54

54

54 34

34

34

34

5454

3434

5454

5454

44

44

6464

54

54

5454

64

64

3434

54

54

34

34

54

54

44

44

44

44

64

64

3434

34

3464

64

3333 4

444

3333

3434

34

34

64

64

34

34

33

33

3434

3333 3

434

34

3444

44

4444

5454

6464

3434

34

34

4444

3434

54

54

34

34

3434

34

34

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

4444

5454

4444

54

54

3434

44

44

44

44

34

34

33

33

5454

33

33

54

54 33

33

34

34

33

333434

3434

34

34

5454

54

54

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

44

44

4444

34

34

3434

3434

33

33

33

33

3333

3434

3333

4444

3434

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

6464

6464

34

34

3434 54

54

5454

3333

33

33

6464

54

54 34

34

3333

33

333434

4444

4444

6464

44

44

3434 44

44

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

64

64

34

34

6464

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

44

44

64

64

44

44

4444

3434 54

54

34

34

34

34

3434

33

33 6464

33

33

6464

34

34

3333

3434

3333

5454

64

64

5454

34

34

5454

3434

54

54

5454

54

54

3434

44

44

44

44

34

3444

44

5454

3434

33

33

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

33

33

3333

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

3333

54

54

33

33

33

33

33

33

54

54

5454

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

3434

5454

34

34

3333

34

34

34

34

33

33

33

33

44

44

3333 44

44

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

3434

3434

3333

33

33

5454

54

54

34

34

3333

33

33

3434

3333

33

33

33

33 4444

33

33

33

33

34

34

44

44

4444

34

34

33

33

44

44

33

33

5454

33

33

33

33

54

54

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

54

54

33

33

3333

33

33

44

44

54

5433

33

33

33

33

33

44

44

4444

34

34

34

344444

44

44

33

33

4444

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

33

3334

34

3333

34

34

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

33

3333

33

3333

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

3333

54

54

34

34

34

34

3434

34

34

34

34 44

44

4444

34

34

3333

3333

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

33

3434

34

34

3333

4444

33

33

33

33

3434

33

33

3333

5454

54

54

64

64

33

33

3333

64

64

54

54

5454

54 54

54

54

64

645454

3333

3333

5454

54

54

3232

54

54

54

54

3333

34

33

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

5454

22

22

54

54

64

64

6464

5454

64

64

6464

44

44

4444

54

54

44

44

5454

4444

64

64

6464

4444

44

44

64

64

4444

44

44

54

54

5454

54

54

34

34

34

34

6464

64

64

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

64

64

5454

5454

3434

34

34

5454

54

54

3434

5454

34

34

54

54

3434

3434

4444

33

33

34

34

4444

44

44

1212

44

44

44

44

4444

4444

44

44

44

445454

33

33

3333

34

34

3434

5454

3333

33

33

5454

3434

34

34

3434

34

34

3434

54

54

34

34

33

33

3333

54

54

3434

34

34

6464

54

54

34

34

3434

64

64

5454

3434

5454

34

34

33

3344

44

5454

54

54

54

54

34

34

3434

3333

33

33

44

44

44

44

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

3434

6464

54

54

3333

3333

33

33

64

64

3434

34

34

3434

44

44

3333

33

33

33

33

5454

3333 44

44

4444

44

44

5454

4444

44

44

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454 54

54

3333

33

33

34

0

5454

54

54

5454

54

5454

54

54

54

34

34

3434

54

54

4444

44

44

64

64

3333

3333

64

64

5454

64

64

4444

44

44

34

34

34

34

64

64

6464

34

34

34

34

6464

3434

34

34

54

54

54

54

5454

34

34

5454

64

64

33

33

3333

44

54

54

5454

54

54

33

33

5454

33

33

33

33

3333

54

5433

33

33

33

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

3434

5454

34

3454

54

33

33

3333

5454

54

54

5454

3333

3333

33

33

33

33

2222

12

12

3434

3434

3333

33

33

4444

44

44

34

34

3434

3333

33

33

54

54

3333

32

32

5454

5454

33

33

33

33

3434

34

34

33

33

3333

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

3333

33

33

5454

54

34

3434

54

54

340

34

545454

54

54

5454

44

44

44

44

3333

33

33

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

6464 54

54

5454

18

18

3333

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

2525

1717

33

33

6464

64

64

34

34

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

33

33

33

33

6464 5

454

3434 34

34

54

64

64 54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

64

64

54

54

12

12

12

12 25

25

1212

54

54

5454

5454

3434

54

54

54

54

3333

33

33

54

54

3434

34

34

64

64

5454

33

335454

54

545454

54

54

54

54

5454

3434 54

54

34

34

34

34

3434 54

54 5454

54

54

5454

54

54

44446464

64

64

5454

54

54

6464

5454

54

54

54

54

6464 5454

64

64

5454 64

64

5454

64

64

64

64

6464

6464

6464

6464

64

64 5454

64

64

54

54

34

34

3434

5454

34

34

34

34

5454

54

543333

33

33

6464

33

33

33

33

6464

3434

64

64

34

34

6464

34

34

3434

5454

44

44

4444

33

33

33

33

54

54

4444

44

44

54

54

44

44

54

54

4444

4444

44

44

54

54

5454

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

34

34

5454

5454

3434

5454

64

64

5454

54

54

5454

5454

64

64

54

5464

64

6464

64

64

34

34

3434

5454

5454

5454

5454

54 54

5454

5454

5454 5

454

5454

5454

54 54

64

64

5454

5454

54

5454

54

5454 545454 54

54

545454

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

4444

64

64

44

44 64 64

4444

54

54

5454

54

54

64

64

64

64

54

54

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

64

6434

34

3434

00

3333 18

1817

17

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

64

64

6464

54

54 64

64

5454

54

54

5454

5454

5454

33

33

3333

54

54

44

44 64

64

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

54 54

54

54

5454

6464

5454

54

54

5454

34

34

54

54

3434

34

34

64

64

44

44

4444

5454

54

54

4444

44

44

5454

6464

64

64

4444

44

44

64

64

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

64

646464

44

44

64

64

6464

5454

54

54

54

54

64

64

6464

64

64

6464

6464

54

54

0

44

44

3333

34

34

34

34

44

44

4444

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

3333

33

3364

64

6464

64

64

6464

64

64

33

33

3333

44

4464

64

5454

64

64

6464

64

6464

64

6464

43

43

43

4364

64

64644

343

5454

54

54

6464

5454

6464

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

5454

5454

54

54

5454

3333

33

335454

54

54

33

33

33

33

3333

1818

3333

3333

1825

3333

18

18

1212

33

33

17

17

17

17

3333

33

33

25

2512

12

2222

2222

12

12 3333

3333

34

34

12

12

3434

1212

2222

1212

33

3322

22

12

12

2222 1212

12 12

12

12

22

22 1212

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

12

2222

12

12

33

33

22

22

2222

12

1233

33

2254

33

33

1212

5454

44

44

12

12

22

22

3434

3434

54

54

2222

1212

12

12

12

12

34

34

2222

22

22 12

12

12

12

12

12

1212

1212

12

12

2222

44

44

2222

12

12

22

22

1212

12

12

1212

33

33

33

33

33

3322

22

1212

33

33

12

12

22

22

25 25

1212

33

33

3333

44

44

4444

6464

5454

64

64

64

64

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

44

44

6464

4444

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

33

33

3333

4444

44

44

64

64

4444

44

44

6464

44

44

4444 64

64

44

44

44

44

3333

54

54

44

44

18

18

5454

5454

3434

54

54

3454

3333

3333

5454

54

54

54

54

1818

33

33

17

1725

25

17

17

1717

17

17

64

64

54

54

5454

54

54

3333

3333

34

34

1818

1717

17

17

17

17 25

25

17

17

2525

1818

18

182525

17

17

2525

25

25

25

25

18

18

2525

17

17

2525

171725

25

17

17

1717

25

25

1717

25

25

1717

17

17

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

1818

2525

17

17

1717

25

25

1717

33

33

3333

33

33

1818 17

17

25

25

17

17

1717

64

64

6464

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

6464

43

43

54

54

54

54

34

34

64

64

54

54

54

54

54

546464

3434

44

44

34

34

54

54

5454

3434

34

34

6464

6464

6464

5454

3333

33

33

64

64

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

33

334444

17

17

1717

4444

44

44

54

54

1717

12

12

2222

5454

54

54

54

54

4444

44

44

6464

64

64

22

22

2525

25

25

1212

1212

1212 2525

25

25

1717

1212

1212

5454

54

54

44

44

54

54

64

64

5454

17

17

5454

54

54

54

5454

54

54

54

3434

34

34

5454

54

54

3434

34

34

54

54

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

3434

34

34

54

54

33

33

3333

2525

1717

25

25

17

17

33

33

3333

1717

33

33

3333

1717

1717 17

17

17

17

1717

25

25

17

17

17

17

1717

17

17

1717

17

17

1717

2525

1717

17

17

44

44

4444

5454

4444

44

44

54

54

33

33

3333

64

6464

6464

64

646454

54

54

5454

34

34

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

5454

54

54

5454

5454

5454

54

54545

4

54

54

64

64

5454

6464

64

64

5454

54

5454

54

6464

64

64

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

545454

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

44

44

54

54

4444

5454

54

54

54

54 54

54

33

33

3333

5454

44

44

3434 34

34

34

34

3333

33

33

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

3333

33

33

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

545454

5454

54

54

5454

5454

64

64

6464

54

54

54

54

54

5454

54

64

645454 54

54

5454

5454

6464

6464

64

64

6464

6464

54

54

54

54

6464

5454

54

54

64

64

5454

54

545

454

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

54

54

34

34

34

34

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

34

34

54

54

545454

54

54

54

5454

64

64

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54

6464

64

64

6464

6464

54

545454

54

54

54

54

6464

6464

64

64

54

545454

5454

5454

54

54

54

545454

64

64

54

54

5454

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

3333

33

33

33

33

33

33

5454

54

54

3333

33

33

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

33

33

3333

54

54

5454

33

33

3333

54

34

5434

5454

3434

34345

454

3454

34

54

5454

54

54

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

34

54

34

54

34

34

34

345454

3333

3333

34

34

3434

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

6464

44

44

4444

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

54

54

54

54

2222

44

44

4444

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

34

34

3434

33

33

3333

3333

3333

5454

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

54

54

54

54

3333

3333

4444

44

44

3333

33

33

3434

34

34

34

34

3434

3333

33

33

3434

34

34

3333

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

44

44

4444

3434

34

34

3333

33

33

3434

3434

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

4444

4444

64643333

64

64

33

33

6464

44

44

4444

54

54

54

54

5454

6464

5454

54

54

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

3333

33

3333

3333

3333

33

33

34

34

3434

6464

64

64

5454

54

54

54

5454

54

64

64

54

54

5454

4444

54

54

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

3333

33

33

5454

4444

4444

54

54

5454

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

4444

34

34

33

33

3333

5454

54

54

4444

44

44

64

64

64

64

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

3333

33

33

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

3434

34

34

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54 54

54

5454

54

54

5454 54

54

5454

34

34

3434

54

54

54

54

5454 54

54

54

54

54

54

1212

2254

1212

3454

34

54

34

54

3434

3434

54

54

54

54

3434

34

34

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

5454

34

34

34

34

5454

1212

5454

54

54

5454

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54

33

33

33

336464

64

64

64

64 64

64 3333

33

33

64

64

6464

5454

54

54

54

54

64

64

5454

6464

5454

54

54

64

64

64

64

6464

54

54

64

64

54

54

5454

54

54

6464

4444

44

44

64

64

64

64

6464

64

6464

64

6464

44

44

34

34

3434 64

64

64

6464

64

6464

64

64

64

64

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

54

54

54

54

6464

5454

54

54

54

54

33

33

33

336464

64

64

6464

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

64

5454

5454

3434

34

34

3434

3434

3434

3434

54

5454

54

54

54

54

54

34

34

34

34 54

54

34

34

5454

3434

54

54

5454

54

54

64

64

3434

34

34

6464

64

64

5454

54

54

54

54

34

34

3434

3434

34

34

34

34

3434

3333

33

33

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

33

33

33

33

64

64

6464

64

64

6464

6464

6464

64

64

4444

64

64

44

44

6464

64

64

64

64

44

44

4444

54

54

5454

64

64

6464

33

33

64

64

3333

6464

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

3333

33

33

6464

64

64

6464

6464

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

44

44

44

44

64

64

64

64

64

64

6464

54

54

5454 54

54

6464 64

64

64

64 6464

54

54

5454

3434

3434

3434

54

54

44

44

4444

3434

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

54 54

64

64

5454

54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

5454

54

54

54

54

5454 54

54

54

54

54545

454

54

54

34

34

3434

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

64

64

64

64

6464

5454

54

54

1212

64

64

5454

5454

6464

64

64

64

64

5454

54

54

3333

33

33

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

17

17

17

17

1717

5454 54

54

54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

33

33

33

33

33

33

3333

1212

2254

12

12 33

33

22

54

2254

12

12

22

54

1212

12

12

2254

12

1234

34

22

54

4444

44

44

2254

1212

1212

12

12

22

54

12

12

3434

3333

3434

33

33

3333

5454

44

44

34

34

3434

6464

64

64

34

34

54

54

3454

5454

5454

54

54

5454

4444

54

54

54

54

3434

33

33

33

33

17

18

2525

1717

17

17

3333

17

17

54

54

5454

54

54

5454

54

54

33

33

33

33 54

54

54

54

5454

54

54

54

54

5454

4444

54

54

44

44

4444

3333

3333

5454

5454

5454

5454

33

33

33

33

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

3333

53

53

53

53

4242

3434

54

4242

4242

33

33

34

34

33

33

33

33

54

54

64

4242

4242

424242

42

4242

42

42

42

42

4242

3333

3333

42

42

33

33

3434

3434

34

34

3333

3434

33

33

3333

33

33

3333

3333

33

33

1717

17

1725

25

1717

00

00

00

0 000

00

00

0 000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Links with VDF Update

Links without VDF Update

Legend

Number closer to link indicates the updated VDF

VDF Update

VDF Changes:

fd12 = ul2 * 80 (20% reduction in freeflow speeds)fd33 = ul2 * 90 (10% reduction in freeflow speeds)fd34 = ul2 * 90 (10% reduction in freeflow speeds)

60

60

60

60

606060

60

8080

606060

60

8080

60

60

505060

60

80

80

6060

6060

8080

60

60

6060

6060

110

110

60

60

80

80 6060

110110

7070 11

011

0

7070

11011

0 110

110

6060

6060

80

80

8080

5050 6060

60

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

60 60

60

60

70

6060

50

50

50 50

80

80

6060

6060 60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

8080

6060

6060

8080

6060

80

80

606060

60

606060

60

6060

80

80

80

80

8080

80

80

8080

8080

6060

606080

80

80

80

8080

6060

6060

8080

80

80

60

60

60

6070

70

6060

70

70

70

70

110

110

11011

0

7070

6060

110

11011

0110

90

90

9090

11011

0

6060

60

60

90

90

110

110

6060

60

6060

6060

60

60

6060

6060

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

00

80

80

6060

5050

8080

80

80

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

6060

80

80

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

70

70

70

70

4040

70

70

7070

50

50

80

80

4040

40

40

4040

4040

4040

4040

50

50

5050

40

40

4040

40

40

60

60

6060

50

50

6060

5050

8080

80

80 70

70

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

80

80

8080

80

80

8080

5050

80

80

50

50

5050

6060

50

50

80

80

8080

60

60

8080

80

80

80

80

70

70 80

80

60

60

60

60

5050

5050

6060

5050

50

50

60

60

60

60

6060

70

50

50

7070

5050

8080

50

50

7070

5050

5050

60

60

40

40

4040

60

60

6060

6060

5050

5050

4040

5050

50

50

8080

80

80

6060

60

60

7070

70

70

60

60

6060

60

60

4040

6060

6060

60

60

6060

6060

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

7070

606060

60

60

60

6060

70

70

7070

70

70

7070

40 40

00

70

70

70

70

70

70

60 60

7070

70

70

40

40

00

80

80

80

80

50

50

5050

70

70

7070

4040

60

60 6060

70

70

40

40120

120

9090

11011

0

11011

0

90

90

9090

90

90

120120

120

120

60

60

6060

6060

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

50

5060

60

40

40

4040

50

50

40

40

50 50

5050

4040

6060

4040

60

60

60

60

4040

6060

4040

4040

4040

4040

40

40

40

40

4040

40

40

40

40

40

40

4040

404040

40

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

4040

40

40

4040

4040

4040

4040

50

50

5050

60

60

60

40

40

40

40

4040

4040

40

40

4040

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

4040

4040

4040

4040

6060

60

60

40

40

80

80

7070

6060

70

70

70

70

8080

80

80

70

70

110

110

9090

5050

110

110

90

90

5050

110

110

11011

0

5050

9090

9090

7070

120120

120

120

7070

7070

7070

70

70

7070

7070

120

120

50

50

70

70

120120

120120

120

120

120

1207070

6060 70

70

6060

60

60

60

60 6060

70

70

120120

120

120

90

90120

120

120120

120

120120

120

7070

120

120

120120

120

120

40

40

4040

4040

40

40

7070

70

70

50

50

5050

4040

40

40

70

70

7070

404040

40

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

50

50

9090

60

60

6060

40

40 40

40

60

60

6060

50

50

50

50

110

110

11011

0

5050

50

505050

50

5050

50

5050

40

40

4040

40

40

4040

4040

40

40

40

40

4040

40

40

40

40

40

40

4040

7070 70

70

6060

70

70

70

70

70

70

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

00

00

60

60

60

60

40

6060

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

80

80

8080 6

060

80

80

80

80

6060

80

80

70

70

80

80

7070

6060

60

60

60

60

6060

5050

5050

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

6060

50

50

60

6060

60

6060

50

50

60

60

60

60

6060

50

60

60

50

50 6

060

6060

5050

40

40

5050

80

8060

60

60

60

5050

50

50

50

50

8080

50

50

8080

5050

60

60

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

70

70

50

50

7070

8080

50

50

8080

80

80

5050

80

80

50

50

70

70

60

60

80

80

70

70

70

70

70

70

50

50

50

5070

70

70

70

6060

60

60

70

70

70

70

50

50

7070

7070

50

50

70

70

8070

7070

60

60

60

60

5050

6060

80

70

5050

8070

5050

8080

80

70

7070

7070

7070

80

80

60

60

80

80

70

70

70

70

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

80

80

70

706060

7070

60

60

8080

50

50

7070 6

060

70

70

70

70

60

60

7070

7070

60

60

5050

70

70

7070

70

70

70

70

60

60

7070

7070

70

707070

60

60

70

70

70

70

5050

7070

8070

6060

60

60 80

70

8070 6

060

8070

80

70 60

60

80

70

8060 80

70

70

70

5050

7070

50

50

6060

70

70

60

60

6060

60

60

4040

7070

70

70

7070

70

70

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

5050

5050

70

7050

507070

70

70

5050

7070

5050

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

60

60

6060

50

50

50

50

5050 5

050

5050 50

50

70

70

5050 0

0

7070

70

70

60

60

70

70

70

70

60

60

70

70

70

70

70

70

7070

70

70

7070

7070 6

060

8080

80

80

120

120

60

60

7070

70

70

70

70

70

6060

60

60

5050

6060

80

80

6060

60

60

40

40

4040

50

50

80

80

6060

80

70

80

80

80

808080

80

80

8080

50

5050

50

6060

6080

60

80

60

60

6080

60

60

80

80

60708

080

80

80

8080

80

80

80

80

7070

80

80

60

70 70

70

60

70

7070

70

80

60

80

70

70

6060

5050

6060

60

60

60

60

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

60

60

6060

6060

80

80

70

80

70

80

7080

8080

70

80

80

80

80

80

6070

60

70

8080

80

80

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

8080

80

80

6070

6060

60

60

60

60

6060 50

50

70

806060

70

80

70

7000

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60 60

60

6060

60

60

5050

5050

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

60

60

6060

50

50

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

6060

60

50

6060

6060

70

80

70

80

60

60

7080

70

80

50

5050

50

6060

6060

5050

50

50

5050

60

60 80

80

6060

8080

80

80

8080

8080

7080

8080

60

60

70

80

60

60

7080

7080

70

80

70

80

7070

60

60

60

60

70

70

7070

50

50

50

50

70

80

7080

50

50

50

50

70

70

70

80

7070

70

80

70

70

7070 50

5070

70

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

50

50

6060

60

60

60

60

50

50

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

50

50

6060

6060

50

50 60

60

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50 6060 50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50 5

050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

00

80

80

8080

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

6060

5050

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

70

80

50

50

5050

70

80

70

70

70

806060

70

80

7070

70

70

50

50

7070

70

707070

6060

70

70

6060

6060

60

605050

60

6060

60

7070

50

50

6060

50

50

60

60

50

50

80

80

8080

5050

50

50

80

80 60

60

80

806060

8080

8080

6060

5050

6060

60

60

5050

5050

5050 5

050

60

60

606050

50

5050

6060

5050

6060 5

050

60

60

6060 60

60

60

60

60

60

50

50

6060

5050

7080

70

80

5050

50

50

70

80

6060

70

80

60

60

5050

50

50

60

60

6060 50

50

5050

60

60

50

5060

605050

60

60

60

60

6060 60

60

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060 50

5050

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50 50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

505050

5050

50

50

6060

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

60

60

6060

6060

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

60

60

50

50

6060

5050

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

60606

060

7070

50

50

6060

6060

5050

100

100

60

60

6060

40

40

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

100

100

6060

60

60

5050

7070

50

50

5050

4040

50

50

6060

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

60

80

6080

7070

60

60

60

60

5050

6060

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

7080

5050

7080

50

50

7070

100

100

60

60

60605

050

50

50

8080

80

80

8080

80

80

80

70

8080

80

70

70

70

7080

80

80

7080

70

80

60

60

60

60

70

80

7080 50

50

5050

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

7050

50

50

50 70

80

70

70

6060

70

70

50

50

5050

5050

60

60

50

50

6060 50

5060

60

6060

60

60

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

6060

6060

50

50

5050

5050

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

50

50

6060

50505

050

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

5050

50

50

50

50

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

6060

50

5060

60

6060

6060

5050

60

60

6060

60

60

60

6060

60

6060 60

60

6060 60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

6060

50

50

6060

50

50

50

50 60

60

60

60

5050

6060

5050

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

6060

50

50

60

60

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

6060

60

6050

50

6060

50

50

6060

6060

60

60

50

50

60

60

60

60

6060

6060 6

060

60

6050

50

5050

5050

5050

6060

60

60

5050

6060

50

50

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

5050

5050

5050

50

50

6060

50

50

50

50

60

60

70

70

5050

70

70

50

50 70

70

70

70

70

706060

7070

70

70

5050

50

50

70

70

60

60

7070

60

60

70

70

7070

70

70

7070

7070

80

80

80

80

8080

7070

8080

7070

7070

70

70

7070

7070

70

70

5050

5050

70

70

7070 50

50

5050

7070

70

70

5050

50

50 70

70

7070

70

70

6060

5050

5050

5050

50

50

6060 60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60

50

50

60

60

5050

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

6060 50

50

60

60

60

60

6060

60

60 5050

60

60

5050

60

60

6060

6060

6060

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

5050

6060

50

50

5050

50

50

6060

60

60

60

60

60

6060

60

5050

6060

80

60

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

80

80

8080

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

8080

50

50

80

80

60

60

60

60

50

50

5050

60

60

8080

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

6060

5050

60

60

8080

60

60

60

60

80

80

80

80

60

60

8080 50

50

7070

70

70

8080

70

70

80

80

70

70

8080

80

80

6060

6060

8080

80

80

5050

50

50

70

70

8080

80

80

7070

8080

80

80

80

80 7070

80

80

80

80

70

70

70

70

7070

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

70

7070

80

80

80

80

50

50

80

80

80

80

80

80

7070

8080

70

70

70

70

7070

70

70

70

70

7070

50

50

80

80

8080

80

80

60

60

70

7080

80

70

70

70

70

60

60

6060

70

70

70

706060

60

60

80

80

6060

80

80

7070

80

80

80

80

70

70

7070

70

7070

70

7070

70

70

70

70

70

70

7070

7070

70

70

70

7070

70

7070

6060

8080

70

70

80

80

80

80

60

60

8080

80

80

8080

70

60

7070

7060

70

60

70

70

7070

80

80

8080

6060

80

80

8080

70

70

70

70

70

60

7060

70

70

70

70 70

60

7060

70

70

8080

8080

80

80

70

70

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

80

7060

60

60

8080

7060

80

80

80

80

8080

80

80

8080

5050

50

50

40

40

80

60

5050

40

40

50

50

5050

50 50

50

50

50

505050

7080

7080

5050

50

50

8080

50

50

50

50

8080

80

60

60

60

6060

50

50

50505

050

70

70

60

60 50

50

5050 60

60

50

50

5050

60

60

6060

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

6060

60

60

50

50

6060

60

60

60

60

7070

70

70

60

60

60

60

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

6060

5050

60

60

50

50

6060

6060

8080

80

80

60

60

7070

80

80

100

100

80

70

80

70

7070

7070

70

70

70

705050

80

80

8080

70

70

7070

5050

8080

80

80

5050

7070

60

60

6060

70

70

7070

50

50

70

70

70

80

7080

50

50

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

6060

5050

60

60

60

6060

60

5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060

7070

70

70

60

60

60

60

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

6060

4040

50

50

6060

8080

80

80

50

50

8080

80

80

8080

70

70

8080

80

80

70

70

7070

7070 70

70

6060

60

60

5050

6060

60

60

50

50

5050

50

50

60

60

6060 60

60

8080

80

80

60

0

5050

50

50

5050

50

5050

50

50

50

60

60

6060

50

50

7070

70

70

50

50

7070

7070

50

50

5050

50

50

6060

60

60

70

70

70

70

50

50

5050

70

70

70

70

5050

7070

70

70

50

50

50

50

5050

60

60

5050

50

50

70

70

7070

50

50

50

5050

50

50

80

80

5050

80

80

80

70

8070

50

5060

60

60

60

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

6060

5050

60

6050

50

60

60

6060

5050

50

50

5050

7070

8080

80

80

70

70

7070

110

110

7070

7070

8080

80

80

7060

70

60

70

60

7070

8080

80

80

50

50

6060

80

80

5050

5050

80

80

80

80

7070

70

70

80

80

8080

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

8080

80

80

6060

60

60

5050

60

60

600

60

506060

70

70

7070

60

60

60

60

7070

70

70

5050

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

5050

5050 50

50

7070

70

70

6060

8080

80

80

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

9090

120120

70

70

4040

40

40

60

60

40

40

40

40

40

40

4040

70

70

70

70

4040

50

50

5050 50

50

50

50

50 50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

40

40

50

50

110

110

110

110 90

90

110110

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

8080

80

80

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

50

50

60

605050

50

505050

50

50

50

50

5050

6060 50

50

60

60

60

60

6060 50

50 5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50504040

50

50

5050

50

70

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050 50

50

50

50

5050 50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

5050

50

50 5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060

5050

60

60

60

60

5050

50

507070

70

70

5050

80

80

80

80

5050

6060

50

50

60

60

5050

60

60

6060

5050

50

50

5050

70

70

70

70

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

60

60

50

50

6060

6060

60

60

50

50

5050

80

70

8070

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

5050

5050

6060

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

5050

50

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

5050

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050 5

050

5050

5050

50 50

50

50

5050

5050

50

5050

50

5050 505050 50

50

505050

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

5050 5

050

50

50 50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

5060

60

6060

00

8060 70

7012

0120

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50 50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050

70

70

7070

50

50

50

50 50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

60

60

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

70

70

7070

5050

50

50

7070

70

70

5050

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

40

404040

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

40

40

4040

40

40

4040

4040

50

50

0

50

50

7070

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

8060

80

60

5050

50

5040

40

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

50

5040

40

5050

40

40

4040

40

4040

40

4040

50

50

50

5040

40

50505

050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

4040

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

8080

80

805050

50

50

70

70

70

70

7070

7070

8070

7070

7070

6060

70

70

110110

80

60

120

120

120

120

7070

70

70

70

7010

0100

7070

7070

110

110 6060

6060

50

50

110

110

6060

110110

7070

110110

60

6070

70

110

110

7070

100

100

100

100

70

70 110

110

110

110

100100

100

100

100

100

7070

100

100

60

60

70

70

7070

100

10070

70

7070

70

80

100

100

7070

70

70

70

70

6060

6060

50

50

7070

100

100

100

100

100

100

50

50

7070

70

70

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

100

7070

50

50

7070

100

100

70

70

100

100

70

70

70

70

70

7070

70

110

110

70

70

100

100

70

70

70 70

110

110

70

70

7070

70

70

7070

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

70

70

5050

7070

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

70

70

7070

6060

60

60

50

50

7070

70

70

5050

60

60

6060 50

50

70

70

70

70

7070

70

70

70

70

90

90

5050

5050

6050

50

50

6050

7080

7080

5050

50

50

60

60

7070

70

70

120

12070

70

120

120

120120

120

120

50

50

50

50

5050

70

70

8080

8080

80

70

7070

120120

120

120

120

120 70

70

120

120

7070

7070

70

707070

120

120

9090

70

70

70

70

70

70

7070

120

120

7070

12012070

70

120

120

120120

70

70

120120

70

70

120120

120

120

6060

60

60

8060

80

80

7070

7070

120

120

120120

70

70

120120

70

70

6060

60

60

7070 120

120

70

70

120

120

120120

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

4040

50

50

50

50

50

50

60

60

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

505050

6060

60

60

60

60

50

50

5050

6060

60

60

5050

4040

4040

5050

8080

80

80

50

50

70

70

60

80

6080

70

70

70

705050

120

120

120120

5050

50

50

50

50

120120

110

110

7070

5050

40

40

40

40

5050

50

50

4040

40

40

70

70

7070

70

70

100

100

100

100

100

100 70

7070

70

120120

110110

110110

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

120

120

7070

70

70

50

5050

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

60

60

6060

60

60

6060

5050

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

80

70

8070

7070

120120

70

70

120

120

60

80

6080

120120

50

50

7070

120120

120120

120

120

120

120

120120

70

70

120

120

120

120

120120

120

120

120120

120

120

120120

7070

120120

120

120

60

60

6060

5050

6060

60

60

50

50

80

80

8080

40

4040

4040

40

404050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

505050

50

50

40

40

5050

4040

40

40

5050

50

5050

50

4040

40

40

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

505050

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

00

60

60

50

50

6060

6060

60

60

60

60 60

60

60

60

6060

6060

70

70

6060 60

60

60

60

8080

80

80

50

50

5050

60

60

60

60

6060

50

50

6060

60

60

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

505050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

505050 50

50

5050

5050

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

50

505

050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

505050

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

505050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

505050

5050

5050

50

50

50

505050

50

50

50

50

5050

80

80

8080

8080

80

80

60

70

6070

70

70

7070

8080

80

80

80

80

80

80

6070

60

70

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

6070

60

70

80

80

8080

70

70

7070

80

80

6080

60

60

6060

5050

6060

60605

050

8080

80

80

7070

70

70

80

80

8080

70

80

7080

70

80

70

80

60

60

60

605050

7080

7080

60

60

6060

80

80

80

80

80

80

8080

5050

80

80

8080

8080

80

80

70

80

7080

70

70

50

50

7070

70

70

7070

8080

80

80

8080

80

80

70

70

7070

80

80

8080

8080

8080

5050

70

70

70

70

6060

60

60

50

50

50

50

8080

8080

6060

60

60

8080

80

80

7060

70

60

70

60

7060

7070

70

70

7060

70

70

7070

7070

80

80

8080

80

80

8080

70

60

7070

7070

70

70

8080

80

80

7070

7070

80

80

8080

70

70

7070

7070

7070

50507070

50

50

70

70

5050

60

60

6060

50

50

70

70

7070

5050

7070

70

70

8080

80

80

80

80

8080

7070

70

7080

80

8080

7070

8080

80

80

60

60

6060

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

6060

60

80

80

80

8080

8080

80

80

8080

80

80

7070

6060

6060

60

60

5050

60

60

60

60

60

60

6060

80

60

8060

6060

60

60

70

70

7070

5050

70

70

5050

60

60

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

8080

80

80

60

60

60

60

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50 50

50

5050

60

60

6060 50

50

7070

60

60

6060 50

50

50

50

5050 50

50

50

50

50

50

100

100

7070

100100

6050

60

70

60

50

6060

6060

50

50

50

50

6060

60

60

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

60

60

60

60

5050

100

100

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

60

60

60

605050

50

50

50

50 50

50 6060

60

60

5050

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

5050

50

4040

50

50

60

60

6060 50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

60

605050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

7070

70

70

6060

6060

6060

6060

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

70

70

70

70 50

50

70

70

5050

7070

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

7070

70

70

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060

6060

60

60

60

60

6060

8080

80

80

5050

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

80

70

80

70

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

6060

50

50

60

60

5050

50

50

50

50

60

60

6060

50

50

5050

50

50

5050

70

70

50

50

7070

5050

50

50

50505

050

50

50

50

50

7070

70

70

5050

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

70

70

70

70

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

5070 50

50

5050 50

50

50

50 5050

50

50

5050

6060

5050

6060

50

50

50

50

7070

70

70

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

50 50

40

40

6060

60

60

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

5050 50

50

50

50

50505

050

50

50

70

80

7080

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

100

100

50

50

5050

5050

5050

50

50

50

50

6060

60

60

6080

60

80

60

80

6080

80

80

8080

120

120

120

120

120120

7070 70

70

50

50

60

60

6060

60

60

60

60

60

60

80

80

8080

100

100

7070

80

80

70

70

7070

100

100

70

70

100

100

100

100

7070

100

10060

60

70

70

8080

80

80

7070

100

100

100

100

100

100

70

70

100

100

6060

7070

7070

70

70

7070

7070

70

70

70

70

7070

5050

50

50

70

70

60

60

6070

6060

5050

50

50

5050

6060

50

50

50

50

6060

60

60

60

60

120

110

7070

120120

120

120

6060

120120

70

70

7070

50

50

5050

50

50

70

70

70

70

0 0

50

50

5050

50

50

50

50

5050

5050

50

50

60

60

6060

8080

8080

5050

5050

5050

5050

50

50

80

80

50

50

50

50

80

80

80

80

8080

50

50

50

50

6060

5050

50

6060

6060

80

80

80

80

60

80

50

50

50

50

40

6060

6060

606060

60

6060

60

60

60

60

6060

6060

5050

60

60

50

50

6060

8080

80

80

8080

8080

80

80

5050

80

80

6060

6080

60

60

110 120120

120

12090

90

120120

00

00

00

0 000

00

00

0 000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Links with Speed Update

Links without Speed Update

Legend

Number closer to link indicates the updated speed

Speed Update

800800 800

800

800800800

800

1000

1000

800800

800800

1000

1000

800

800

700

700

800800

100010

00

800800

800800

1000

1000

80080

0

800800

800800

1800

1800

800

800

10001000 800800

18001800

140014

00 1800

1800

1400

1400

180018

00

1800

1800

800800

800

800

900

900

900

900

700

700 800800

700

700

800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

80070

0700

700

700

1000

1000

800800

800

800800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

800800

80080

0

800

1000

1000

800800

800800

1000

1000

800800

100010

00

800800800

800

8008008

0080

0

800800

100010

00

10001000

100010

00

10001000

1000

1000

10001000

800800

800800100010

00

100010

00

1000

1000

800800

800800

1000

1000

1000

100080

0800

800

800

14001400

800800

1400

1400

1800

1800

180018

00

700700

180018

00

1400

1400

180018

00

800800

800

800

1400

1400

1800

1800

800

800

800

800

800800

800800

800

800

800800

800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

1000

1000

10001000

00

1200

1200

10001000

700

700

700700

700

700

70070

0

700

700

70070

0

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

70070

0

700700

700

700

1000

1000

100010

00

600600

100010

00

1000

1000

70070

0

700

700

400400

400

400

400400

400

400

400400

400

400

60060

0

600

600

400

400

400400

400

400

800800

800

800

800

800

900900

700700

12001200

70070

0

700

700

700

700

700700

100010

00

700700

1000

1000

100010

00

700700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

700700

700

700

100010

00

700

700

1400

1400

12001200

700700

700

700

600

600

600

600

900900

700

700

60060

0

900

900

900

900

800

800

900

700

700

100010

00

800800

1000

1000

70070

0

800

800

800800

800800

80080

0

400

400

400400

80080

0

800

800

800

800

800800

80080

0

400400

800800

800

800

1200

1200

10001000

1000

1000

1000

1000

100010

00

1000

1000

10001000

70070

0

600

600

700

700

700

700

1000

1000

700

700

10001000

10001000

800

800

800

800

1000

1000

10001000

10001000

800

800

80080

0

800

800

1000

1000

10001000

1000

1000

10001000

400

400

00

1000

1000

90090

0

1400

1400

800

800

1000

1000

100010

00

400

400

00

1000

1000

100010

00

70070

0

700

700

700

700

700700

400400

80080

0

90090

0

18001800

14001400

180018

00

180018

00

1400

1400

14001400

1400

1400

18001800

1800

1800

800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

80080

0

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

80080080

0

600

600

400

400

600

600

600600

400400

700

700

400400

70070

0

70070

0

400400

700

700

400400

400

400

400400

40040

0

400

400

400400

400

400

60060

0

400400

60060

0

800

800

80080

0

800

800

80080

0

400400

40040

0

400400

400400

400400

400

400

800

800

80080

0

800800

800

400

400

40040

0

400

400

400400

400

400

400

400

800

800

800800

700

700

70070

0

600

600

600

600

400400

700700

700

700

600

600

700

700

1000

1000

700700

100010

00

140014

00

1200

1200

1800

1800

1400

1400

14001400

1800

1800

140014

00

14001400

1800

1800

180018

00 14001400

14001400

1400

140

0

14001400

18001800

1800

1800

14001400

1000

1000

14001400

1800

1800

1400

1400

1400

1400

18001800

18001800

1800

1800

1800

1800

14001400

800800

1400

1400

800

800

80080

0

80080

0

800

800

1400

1400

18001800

1800

1800

1400

14001800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

18001800

1400

1400

1800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

400

400

400400400400

400

400

700700

700

700

60060

0

600

600

600

600

100010

00 1000

1000

400400

1000

1000

800

800

60060

0

14001400

900

900

900900

60060

0 600

600

1000

1000

700

700

700

700

1800

1800

180018

00

700700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700700

70070

0

600

600

600

600

600

600

600600

60060

0

600

600

40040

0

400400

400

400

400400

1400

1400

700700

700

700

1400

1400

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

0

00

00

800

800

800

800

500

500

800800

700

700

700

700

800800

900

900

800800

800800

900

900

900

900

900

900

700

700

900900

900900 5

50

550

900

900

900

900

700

700

900900

700

700

900900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

500500

5005009

00

900

900

900

800

800

900900

800800

500

500

800

800800

800

800800

500

500

800

800

800

800

800800

500

800800

500

500 900

900

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

900

900

500500

900

900

500500

500500

500500

900900

500

500

900

900

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

50050

0

900

900

500

500

900900

900900

500

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

90090050

0500

900

900

900

900

900900

900900

900900

900900

400

400

900

900

9009008

00

800

800

800

900

900

900

900

500

500

900900

900

900

400

400

900900

800

800

900900

700

700

800

800

500500

800

800

800

800

5005008

00

800

500500

900

900

900

900

1400

1400

900

900

900

900

900900

700

700

900

900

900

900

900900

700

700

700

700

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

900

900

900

900

800

800

900900

700

700

900900

800

800

800

800

500

500

900900

800

800

900

900

900

900

700

700

900900

900

900

700

700

500500

900900

900

900

900900

900

900

700

700

900900

900900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

500

500

900900

900900

800

800

900

900

900900

800

800

900

900

900900 8

00

800 900

900

900

900 900

900

900

900

500

500

500

500

800

800

1400

14008

00

800

700

700

800

800

500500

700700

700

700

900

900

1400

1400

800

800

700

700

700

700

700

700

500500

500500

700

700

500

500700

700

900

900

500500

900

900

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500 500

500

700

700

700

700 0

0

700700

700700

700

700

700700

900900

700

700

900900

900900

900

900

900900

900900

900900

900900 7

00

700

800

800

800

800

1800

1800

700

700

700700

700700

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

500500

700700

900

900

700

700

800

800

500

500

500500

500

500

9009008

00

800

900

900

900

900

900900

900900

900

900

900

900

500

500500

500

550550

700

700

700

700

500

500

900900

900

900

700

700

500500

700

700

900900

700

700

700700

900

900

550

550

900

900

500

500 550

550

500

500

550

550

900900

900

900

550

550

550

550

700700

550

550

550

550

550

550

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

900900

900

900

900900

700

700

900900

700

700

700

700

500500

550550

700

700

900900

700

700

900

900

900

900

900900

500

500

500

500

550550

500

800

800

800

500

500

500

500 500

500

900

900500500

900

900

550

5500

0

500

500

500

500

700

700

700700

700700 5

00

500

500

500

700

700

500

500

500500

500

500

900

900

900

900

500500

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

700700

700

700

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

800

800

800800

900

900

900

900

900

900

800

800

900900

900

900

800

800800

800

800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800 800

500

800800

900900

900

900

800

500

900900

800

500

900900

800

800

800

500

800800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

500

500

900900

900900

500

500

500

500

800

800

900

900

800

800

900

900

800

800

800

800 400

400

800

800

800

800

800

800

800800

800

800

500

500

800

800

500500

500500

500500

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

600

600

800

800

800

800

500

500

800

800

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500 700

700 500

500

700

700

600600

600600

500

500

500

500

600600

600600

500

500

500

500 600

600

500500

500700

500700

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

400

400

600

600500

500

00

700

700

700

700

600

600

500

500

600

600

600

600

600

600

400400

800800

600

600

600

600

800800

600

600

600

600

900900

500

500

500

500

900

900

700

700

900

900600

600

900

900

700

700

700

700

500500

700

700

700

700

700

700

800800

900

900

800800

800800

800

800

500

500

900

900

800800

900

900

500

500

900

900

400

400

900

900

400

400

900900

900900

400

400

500

500

900900 9

00

900

900

900

900

900

900900

9009008

00

800

500500

800

800

800

800

400400

500500

500500 4

00

400

800

800

800

800

40040

0

500500

8008005

00

500

800800

500

500

800

800

800

800 800

800

800

800

800

800

400

400

800

800

500500

900

900

900900

500

500

500

500

900900

800

800

900

900

800

800

50050

0

500

500

800

800

700

700 500

500

500500

800

800

500

500800800

500

500

700

700

800800

700

700 800

800

500

500

500

500

700

700

700

700 400

400

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500500

500500

700

700

500

500

500

500

700

700

500

500

500

500 500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500500500

500

500

500500

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

700

700

600

600

600600

700

700

700

700

600600

500500

500

500

500

500

400

400

700

700

500

500

700

700

400400

700

700

700

700

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

500500

700

700

1400

1400

400

400

700

700

700

700

400400

1800

1800

600

600

600600

400

400

70070

0

600

600 700

700

600600

1800

1800

700

700

700

700

600600

500500

400

400

700

700

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

400

400

700

700

700

700

1400

1400

800800

500500

800800

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

900900

50050

0

900900

500

500

1400

14001

800

1800

800

800

8008005

00

500

500

500

900

500

900

900

900900

500

500

700700

500

500

700

700

700

700

900

900

900

500

900

900

900

900

800800

800

800

900

900

900

900 500500

500500

900900

900900

900

900500

500

500

500

900

900

900900

900

900

900900

500

500

500500

50050

0

900

900

500

500

900

900 600

600900

900

900

900

800

800

800800

800

800

500

500

500

500

900

900

800800

900

900

800800

500

500

500500

500500

900

900

900

900

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

900

900

500

500

900

900500

500

9009007

00

700

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

600600

600

600

600

600

700

700

700

700

600600

600

600

600600

900

900

500500

700

700

700

700

900

900

500500

900

900

600600

600

600

700

700600

600

700

700

600600

900

900 600600

600

600

600600

600600

800

800

500

500

500500

500

500 800

800

800

800

500500

800

800

500

500

500500

400

400

500

500

800

800

800

800

500

500

700

700

400400

800

800

800

800

400400

900900

900

900

800800

800800

400

400

800

800

900900

800

800

900900 8

00

800

800

800700

700

700

700

500500

400400

800

800

800

800

600600

800800

500

500

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

600

600

500

500

600600

500

500

800

800

600

600

600

600

800

800

900

900

500

500

900900

500

500 900

900

800

800

900

900800

800

800

800

800

800

500500

500

500

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

700700

700

700

800

500

800800

800

500

900

900

900

900

900900

800

500

900900

700700

800800

800

500

800

800

800

800

800

800

500500

400400

800

800

800

800

500500

900900

900

90040

0400

500

500 800

800

900900

9009008

00

800

600600

600600

400

400

600

600

800

800 600

600

800

800

800

800

800

800

800800

400

400

800

800

400

400

800

800

800800

800

800

800800

600

600

400400

600

600

600600

800

800

500500

800

800

800

800

800

800

900

900 400

400

900

900400

400

800

800

900900

800

800

900900

500500

400

400

500500

800

800

500500

800

800

500

500

500

500

500

500

600

600

600

600

600600

500500

800

800

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

900

900

500

500

900

900

900

900

900900

500

500

500

500

900

900

7007009

00

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

800800

500

500

800

800

900

900

800

800

900

900

900

900

600600

900

900 600

600

900900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

800800

800800

900

900

900

900

500500

500

500

800

800

900

900

900

900

800800

900

900

900

900

900

900

700

700

900

900

900

900

800800

700

700

700

700

800

800

900

900 700

700

900

900

700

700

700

700

700700

500500

700700

700700

700

700

900

900

700700

900

900

900

900

900

900

700700

900

900

900

900

500

500

700

700

700700

700

700

700

700

500

500

700700

900900

900

900

700

700

700

700

800800

8008007

00

700

700

700

900

900

700

700

900900

700

700

900900

900

900

700

700

700

700

700

700800

800

700

700

800

800

900

900

900

900

900900

700

700

700

700

900900

700

700

700

700

700

700

900900

700

700

700

700

90090

0

700

700

900

900

900900

900

900

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

900

900

900900

900900

900

900

700700

900900

900

900

700

700

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800800

700

500

700

700

800

800

700700

900

900

900900

800800

900900

900900

900

900

900

900

800

800

900

900

900

900

700

500

900

900

900

900

900

900

90090

0

900900

500500

500

500

500

500

900

900

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400400

500

500

900900

900

900

500

500

500

500

900

900

500

500

500

500

900

900

900

800800

800

800

800

800

500

500

5005005

00

500

1400

1400

500

500 500

500

500

500

500500

400

400

500

500

600

600

600600

500

500

600

600

500

500

600600

500

500

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

800800

500

500

400

400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

400

400

500

500

800800

800

800

500

500

500

500

800800

500500

800

800

500

500

800800

800800

500

500

900

900

800

800

700

700

700

700

1800

1800

700700

700700

700700

700

700

700700

700

700500

500

900900

900

900

800

800

800800

500

500

900

900

900

900

500500

800

800

800

800

800800

800

800

800

800

500

500

800

800

900

900

900

900

500

500

800800

800

800

400

400

500

500

800800

800800

400

400

500

500

800800

500

500

800

800

900

900

600

600

500500

500

500

800

800

800

800

900900

900

900

600

600

600600

12001200

900

900

900900

900

900

900

900

500

500

500500

700700

900

900

90090

0

700700

900900

900

900

600

600

900

900

90090

0

700

700

500500

700

700

600

600

600

600

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

50050

0

500

500

500

500

500

500 500500

700

700

700

700

800

800

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

600600

600

600

800

800

800

800

600

600

700

700

500

500

400

400

900900

900900

400

400

500

500

400

400

700

700

700

700

800800

800

800

400

400

400

400

800800

800800

400

400

800

800

800

800

500

500

500500

500500

800800

500

500

400

400

900900

900900

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

900

900

500

500

900

900

900900

900

900

500

500800

800

800

800

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

900

900

500500

900

900500

500

900

900

900

900

500500

500

500

500500

700700

900

900

900900

900

900

14001400

1800

1800

800800

800

800

900900

900900

700

500

700

500

800

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

900

900

900

900

500500

500500

900

900

900

900

800

500

800

500

900

500

900

500

500

500

500

500 500

500

500

500

900900

900900

500

500

500

800

800800

500

500

800800

800

500500

500

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

550550

550

550

550

550

500

500

50050

0

500500

400

400 500

500

900

900

1400

1400

900900

900

900

900

900

900900

900

900

90090

0

900900

14001400

18001800

700

700

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500 500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

18001800

1400

1400

18001800

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

800

800

800

800400

400

500

500

70070050

0

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

900

900 500

500

900

900

900

900

900

900 500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

400

400

400

400

00

500

500

550

550

400400

500

500

500

500

500500

400400 500

500

400

400

500500 40

040

0

500500

400

400

500

500

500500

500

500

400

400400

400500500

400400

500

500

800

800

800

800

500500

800

800

800

800

500

500

500

500

900

900

900

900

400400

900

900

900900

400

400

800

800

400

400

800

800

400400

800

800

800

800

500500

700

700

900

900

900

900

500

500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

700

700

500

500

500

500

800

800

800

800

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

800

800

500500

500500

800

800

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400

400

500

500

400

400

400

400

800

800

800

800

500500

500500

500500

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500500

400

400

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500500500

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

700700

400

400

600

600

400

400

600600

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400400

500

500

400400

400

400

400400

400

400

400

400800

800

800800

00

1400

1400

180018

00

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

900900

900900

500

500

700

700 400

400

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400

400

50050

0

500

500

500500

800

800

500

500

800

800

800

800

400

400

700

700

500500

500500

700

700

700

700

500500

400400

400

400

700

700

400

400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

50050050050

0

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

0

600

600

900900

500

500 700

700

700

700

800

800

800

800

900

900

900

900

500

500

500

500

500

500

400

400

400

400

400400

400

400

900

900

500500

400

400

600600

500

500

500500

500

500500

500

500

500

700

700

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500

500500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

900900

900900

500

500

500

500

140014

00

900

900

900900

14001400

1400

1400

18001800

1800

1800

1800

1800

140014

0018

001800

14001400

14001400

1800

1800800800

80080

0

500

500

1800

1800

900

900

18001800

1400

1400

18001800

900

900

1800

1800

14001400

1800

1800

1800

1800

140014

00

1800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1400

14001800

1800

900900

1400

1400

1400

14001

800

1800

550

900

900

1800

1800

550550

700

700

1400

1400

800800

500

500

140

0

140

01800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

500

500

1400

1400

14001400

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1400

1400

600

600

1800

1800

140014

00

900

900

900900

900900

900

900

1800

1800

1400

1400

1400

1400

1800

1800

900900

900900

700

700

700

700

400400

500500

400

400

400

400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400

400

400400

400400

400

400

700

700

400400

700

700

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

400

400

700

700

700

700

400400

700

700

700

700 400

400

900

600

900

900

900

900

700

700

900

600

1400

1400

500

500

500

500

800800

500

500

800500

900900

900900

500

500

500

500

500

500

14001400

900

900

1800

18001400

1400

1800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

400

400

500

500

500

500

900

900

900900

900900

800

800

14001400

18001800

18001800

1800

1800 1400

1400

18001800

1400

140

0140014

00

14001400

1800

1800

1400

1400

1400

1400

1400

1400

1400

1400

140014

001800

1800

180018001400

1400

1800

1800

18001800

1400

1400

18001800

1400

1400

18001800

1800

1800

800

800

800

800

900

900

140014

00

14001400

1800

1800

18001800

1400

1400

18001800

900

900

900

900

900

900

14001400 1800

1800

1400

14001800

1800

18001800

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

700

700

400

400

500

500

500

500

400

400

600

600

800

800

500

500

500500

800

800

800

800

400400

500500

500

500

500500

900

900

900

900

400

400

700

700

900

900

900900

900

900

900

900

500

500

1800

1800

18001800

700

700

500500

18001800

1800

1800

14001400

500

500

500500

500500

600600

600

600

400

400

400

400

900

1400

1400

1400

1400

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1400

1400

18001800

18001800

180018005

00

500

500

500

700

700

500500

400

400

500

500

1800

1800

700

700

700

700

500

500500

500

500

500

800

800

800

800

500500

500

500

800

800

800

800

500

500

800

800

800

800

500

500

500

500

500500 5

00

500

900

900

900

900

500

500

900

900

900

900

14001400

18001800

1400

1400

1800

1800

700

700

700

700

18001800

700

700

700

700

18001800

18001800 1800

1800

1800

1800

18001800

1400

1400

1800

1800

1800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

18001800

1800

1800

18001800

14001400

18001800

1800

1800

700

700

700

700

500500

700

700

700

700

900900

900

900

500

500500

500500500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

500500

500500

500500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

400

400

500

500

400

400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

900

900

900900

500

500

700

700

700

700

700

700

900900

900

900

500

500

500500

500

500 500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

400

400

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

400400

400

400

400

400

400400

400

400

500500

500

500

400

400

500500

500

500

400

400

500500

500

500500

500

400

400

400400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

500

500

800

800

800

800

800

800

800800

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

50050040

0400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400400

400

400

400

400

400400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

400400

400

400

400

400

500

500

500500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

900900

900900

700

700

700

700

500

500

500500

550

550

550

550

900900

900900

700

700

700

700

500500

500

500

900900

900

900

500

500

500

500

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

500

800

500

800

500500

800800

800800

500

500

800

500

800

500

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

900900

900900

800

500

800

500

800

800

800

800500

500

900900

900900

800

800

800800

900

900

900

900

900

900

900900

500

500

500

500

700

700

900900

900

900

900

900

900900

550

550

500

500

1400

1400

700

700

700

700

900900

900900

900900

900

900

800

500

800

500

900

900

900900

900900

900900

500

500

800

800

800800

800800

800

800

500

500

500

500

900900

900900

700

700

700

700

900900

900900

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

700

700

700

700

800

800

800

800

900

900

900900

900900

900

900

900900

900

9007

00

700

700

700

800800

800800

900900

900

900

800800

800800

900900

900

900

900

900

900900

600600

600600

500

500

700

700

500500

700

700

500500

700

700

700

700

500

500

700

700

700

700

500500

500500

500

500

900

900

900900

900900

900

900

700

700

700

700700

700

700700

900900

900

900

900

900

800

800

800

800

400

400

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

400

400

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

900900

900900

900900

900900

900900

900900

550

550

550550

550550

500

500

500

500

700700

700700

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

900

700

700

800

800

900

900

900

900

500500

550

550

700

700

700

700

400

400

400400

500500

500

500

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

800800

800

800

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500 500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500 500

500

55055

0

800

800

800

800

500

500

500

500

500

500 500

500

500

500

500

500

1800

1800

1400

550

18001800

800500

800

550

800

500

800800

800800

500

500

500

500

800800

800

800

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500500

500

500

50050

0

500

500

500500

500

500

800800

800

800

500

500

1800

1800

500500 5

00

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

700

700

7007004

00

400

400

400

400

400

400

400 900

900

900

900

400400

400400

500

500

500

500

500

500

400

400

500

500

400400

500

500

500

500

400

400

400

400

400400

500

500

400

400

500

500

500

500

400

400

600

600

600

600

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

500500

800

800

800

800 400

400

500

500

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500500

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

400

500

500

500

500

400400

500500

500

500

500

500

900900

900

900

400400

400

400

400

400 400

400

400

400

400

400

500

500

500500

800

800

800

800

800800

800800

800

800

800800

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

800

800

800

800 500

500

800

800

500500

800

800

500500

500

500

500

500

400

400 800

800

800

800

400400

400

400

500500

500

500

500

500

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800

800800

800800

900

900

900

900

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

900

900

900900

400

400

400400

400

400

400

400

400400

400

400

400

400

700

700

500500

700

700

500500

500500

500

500

700

700

700

700

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

700

700

500

500

700

700

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

700

700

700

700

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

600

600

500

500

500500

500

500

550

550

500500

400

400 400400

400

400400400

500

500

500

500

800800

50050

0

800800

500

500

600600

900

900

900

900

500

500

500500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

400

400

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

500500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500 500

500

500

500

5005005

00

500

500

500

800

800

800

800

500500

500500

500

500

500

500

400

400

400

400

400

400

500

500

500

500

1800

1800

400

400

500

500

400400

400

400

400

400

550

550

550

550

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

900

900

900

900

1800

1800

1800

1800

18001800

55055

055

0

550

550

550

500

500

500

500

500

500

700700

700

700

900

900

900

9001800

1800

1400

550

900

900

1400

550

550

1800

1800

140055

0

1800

1800

1800

1800

1400

5501

800

1800 800

800

1400

550

700

700

700

700

1400

550

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

1800

800800

900900

900900

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

700

800

800

800

800

500

500

80055

0

500500

500500

500

500

500500

700

700

500

500

500

500

700

700

800

800

800800

1800

1800

14001400

18001800

1800

1800

900900

18001800

550

550

550550

500

500

500500

500

500

900900

900900

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

500

700

700

600

600

700

700

700

700

900900

900900

500500

50050

0

500

500

500500

500500

700

700500500

500

500

800

800

700700

700700

700

700

700

700

900900

500500

700

900900

900900

900

900

550

550

700

700

50050

0

700

700

400

900900

900900

900900900

900

900900

900

900

900

900

900900

900900

500

500

900

900

50050

0

500500

550

550

550

550

800800

550

550

800800

500

500

800

800

700700

700

700

700

700

18001800

18001800

1800

18001400

1400

18001800

00

00

00

0 000

00

00

0 000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Links with Lane Capacity Update

Links without Lane Capacity Update

Legend

Number closer to link indicates the updated lane capacity

Lane Capacity Update

22 2

2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

44

22

22 2

2

44

44 2

2 44

22

44

44

22

22

2

2

22

22 2

2

1 1

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2

2 22

2

2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

33

332

2

33

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

222

2

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

2 211

22

1 1

22

22

44

44

11

22

22

1 1

44

114

4

22

22

44

22

2 2

22

44

22

22

22

2 2

22

22

22

22

22

22

33

22

11

33

33

11

22

22

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

22

22

22

22

11

22

11

22

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

11

11

22

22

22

22

11

33

3

11

33

33

2 2

11

11

11

11

1

11

11

11

11

1

11

22

22

22

11

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

22

22

22

1

11

11

11

22

22

2

2 1 1

22

33

22 33

11

11

11

11

22

11

11

22

22 2 2

22

22

22

22

22

22

11

22

22

22

2

22

22

22

22

11

11

11

11

11

11

22

22

22

11

22

22

33

33

33

33

22

22

22

22

11

11

11

11

22

11

22

33

22

22

22

33

33

33

1122

33

22

11

22

33

33

33

33

1 1

11

11

33

22

33

33

22

22

22

22

11

11

22

22

11

11

22

22

11

1

22

11

22 2

2

333

3

11

44

22

44

44

22

22

22

44

44

22

22

22

22

22

2 2

2 2

22

22

22

11

11

1 1

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

11

111

1

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1

11

11

11

11

22

22

22

2 2

11

11

11

11

11

11

2

22

11

22

22

11

11

11

1 1

11

111

1

11

11

11

11

22

22

11

22

33

44

22

33

33

22

44

22

11

44

22

11

1 14

4

44

11

22

2 2

22

44

44

22

2 2

22

22

11

22 2

2

11

22

22

22

22

4411

11

22

44

44

44

44 2

2

22

2

2

22

22

22

11

11

112

2 22

2

2

22

11

44

44

224

4

44

44

442

2

44

44

44

11

11

11

11

11

22

22

11

11

11

11

22

22

11

11

22

22

22

22

11

11

22

22

22

22

22

11 1

1

33

33

2 2

22

11

11

44

44

11

1 111

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

11

11

11

1111

11

11

11

1

11

11

11 11

22

22

1 1

11

11

11

1

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

3

3

2

2

11

33

33

33

2 2

33

2 2

3

3

3

3

22

3 3

22

2 1

2

2

22 1 1

2

2

2

2

22

22

2 2

22

3333

3 3

3 3

33

1

1

11

3 3

33

3

3

33

33

1 1

33

3

3

33

2 2

3

3

33

3

3

2

3

3

11

1 1

3 3

33

11

22

3

3

33 1

1

33

11

33 1

1

11

1

1

33

2 2

33

22

1

1

11

1

1

11

11

2 2

22

22

22

1 1

2

2

22

11

22

11

22

33

3 3

22

33

33

3

3

33

11

1 1

3

3

33

22

2 2

3

3

3

3

2 2

3

3

3

3

1 1

33

33

33

3 3

2 21

1

22

3 3

2

2

33

2

2

33

3 32

2

22

3

3

3

3

2 2

3 3

3

3

33

22

2 2

11

11

11

1 1

2 2

22

2 2

3

311

3

3

2 2

22

2

2

3

3

1 133

22

3

3

3

3

2 2

33

3

3

2 2

22

33

3

3

3

3

33

3

3

2 2

22

3

3

33

33

3 3

3

3

3

311

3

3

3

322

2 2

33

3

3 22

3

3

33 2 2

33

33 33

3 3

1

1

33

11

22

11

2 2

22

2 2

1

1

22

2 2

33

3 322

2 2

22

2 2

22

11

1

1

22

2222

3 3

2

2

33

22

2 2

22

2

2

22 2 2

22

22

1

1

1

1

3 3

33 1

1

3

3

3

333

3 3

00

33

3

3

2 2

3

3

3

3

2 2

3

3

3

3

3 3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3

3 2 2

22

2 2

44

2 2

33

33

11

33

11

3

11

22

2 2

1

1

11

22

11

2 2

22

2 2

1

1

11

1

1

33

3 3

22

3

3

3

3

33

2

2

3

3

221 11

1

1

1

11

1 1

11

1

1

11

1 1

1

1111111

11

1

1

11

1

1

11 1 1

1

111

1

1

11

1 1

11

1111

1

1 1 1

11

11

11

2 2

22

22

2 2

2

2

22

2 2

11

11

11

22

22

1 1

1 1

11

1

1

11

1

1

11

11

1

1

1

1

11

1 1

11

11

2

2

2 2

22 1

1

3

322

22

220

0

11

1 1

2

2

22

2

2 1 1

11

2

2

11

11

1 1

33

2 3

2

2

3 3

33

11

33

3 3

2

2

2

2

33

3 33 3

33

22

22

33

3

3

3

3

2 2

3

3

3

3

2 222

22

22

22

2 2

22

22 1 1

22

1

1

1

1

11

1

1

11

1

1

2

2

1 1

2

2

2222

2 2

2 2

22

22

22

2 2

22

11

11

33

3

3

11

1 1

2 2

3

3

22

3

3

2 2

22

1

12 2

22

2

2

22

2 2

1

1

22

22

2

2

2

2

22

22

2 2

22

2 2

2 2

11

2222

2

2

2 2

2

2

2 2

22

22

2

2

2

2

33

3 2

22

1 1

2

2

11 22 1

1

2 2

11

1

1

1 1

11

11

11

2 2

11

22

11

1 1

22

2 2

11

2

2

22

2

2

22

11

1 1

2

2

22

1 1

1

1

2 2

2

2 11

2 211

22 00

1 1

11

2 2

11

22

22

22

2 2

1

1

2

2

22

22

22

2 2

22

22

2 2

3

3

1 1

11

3

3

2 2

3

3

22

3

3

22

2 2

1

1

22

2 222

22

2 2

2

2

2

2

2

211

2 22

2

22

11

22

1

1 2 2

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

1 1

11 2 2

22

22

22

22

22

1

1

22

2 2

1

1

11

1

1 1 1

2 2

2211

11

2

2

11

22 1 1

2

2

22 22

2 2

2 2

11

22

11

3

3

33

11

1 1

33

22

3

3

2 2

11

11

2 2

22

1

1

11

2

2

112211

2 2

2

2

22 2

21 1

11

2 2

22 111 1

2

2

11

2

222

2

2

2 2

2

2

2

222

1 1

11

1

1

11

22

22

11

1 1

2

2

2

22

2

2

2

11

22

22

3

2

2 2

2 2

22

1

1

11

2 2

22

22

1

1

1 1

11

11

2 2

11

22

22

2 2

22

11

2 2

22

11

2 2

1122

22

4 4

22

22

22

11

44

22

22

1 1

22

22

2 2

22

44

22

2 2

22

11

33

32

32

11

1 1

22

3

2

3

2

2 2

1

1

11

11

2 2

22

2

2

2

2

11

1 1

11

11

22

2

2

22

11

22

22

11

11

1 1

3

3

11

3

3

1 1

22

3 3

22

22

11

1 1

3

2

11

2

2

3

3

1 1

2211

2

1

2

1

22

1 1

22

2 2

2

2

33

2 2

22 11

22

33

3

3

3

3

3

311

2 2

2 2

33

22

3

31 1

22

22

2 2

22

22 222 2

22

22

22

2

2

2

222

2 2

2 222

22

2

2

2 2

22

22

2 2

22

22

22

2

222

22

2 2

22

22

222 2

33

22

3

3

2 2

3

3

3

3

33

2

2

22

2

2

1

122

2 2

11

11

11

3 3

33 2

22 2

22

33

2

2

3 3

22

22

2 222

22 22

33

3 3

33

3 3

22

22

2

2

2 2

1

1

22

22

22

22

2

2

11 2 2

2 2

2

2

22

2

2

2

2

2 2

11

22

2

2

22

2 2

22

2

2

2 2

22

22

2 2

22

2

2

22

2 22

2

33

22

2 2

3

3

2

2

2

2

1 1

2 2

33

22

3

3 22

2 22222

22

11

22

2 2

22

2

2

2

2

2 2

22

22

2

2

2 2

2

2

22

2 2

2

2

22

22

2 2

22

22

2

2

2 2

3

3

22

3

3

1 1 3

3

2 2

3

3

22

22

2 2

1

1

11

2 2

22

22

22

21

1

1

2 1

22

11

2

2

2

2

22

11

22

11

1

1

1 1

22

22

2 2

11

1

1

2 2

22 11

11

33

33

11

2 2

2 2

3

3

3

3

22

2

2

22

22

2

2

22 2

2

2 2

2 2

22

22

2 2

22

22

2 2

22

22 22

2

222

22

2

2

22 2

2

2 2

2 2

22

3

3 22

3

322

2 23

3

22

3

3

22

2 2

22

2 2

22

22

22

22

22

22

2 2

1

1

11

2 2

1

1

11

22

3 3

22

1 1

11

2

2

3 3

1

1

33

11

22

22

1 1

22

22

11

1 1

33

22

22

3 3

3

3

33

2 2

11

3

3

3

3

33

3 33 3

33

2

2

22

22

33

2

2

22

3 33 3

2

2

33 22

3

3

33

33

33

3 3

22

33

3 3

22

02

33

3 3

11

11

1

1

22

2 2

1

1

22

22

11 11

11

1

1

11

1 1

11

1

1

2

2 1 1

2

2

11

3

3

33

11

3

3

3

3

3

3

33

33

3 3

3 3

33

33

3

3

11

3 3

33

11

3

3

33

33

2 2

11

33

22

22

1 1

22

11

1

1

11

1 1

1

1

11

1

1

22

1

1

1

1

2 2

22

2 21

1

22

1

1

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

2 2

2

22 2

22

22

33

2 2

33

22

2 22

2

33

33

11

1 1

11

11

1 1

2

2

22

33

33

11

33

22

1 1

11

1 1

11

1

1

1

1

1 1

11

1

1

11

22

22

1

1

1

1

1

1

11

11

11

2 2

1

1

11

2

2

2 21

1

22

1

1

11

11

1 1

3 3

33

1

1

1

1

11

11

1 1

1 1

1

111

33

3

3

11

1 1

22

1 1

11

22

3

3

3

3

2 2

22

22

2211

1 1

11 1 1

11

22

11

11

22

22

1 1

22

11

11

22

1 1

11

22

2 2

11

22

2 2

2

2

11

1 1

2

2

22

11

1 1

22

11

1 1

1

1

1 1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1 1

11

22

22

11

1 1

22

11

22

1 1

2

2

2

2

11

22

3

2

2

2

22

1 1

33

2

2

2

1

21

2

1

11

11

11

22

22

1

1

1

1

11

33

2 2

11

22

2

2

2

2

2 2

22

11

2 2

2 2

22

11

22

2

2

11

1 1

2

2

2

2

1 1

11

33

22

3

3

3 322

33

22

2

2

22

2 2

22

2

2

22

2

2

22

33

33

22

33

22

33

3 3

22

1

1

22

33

33

22

11

11

11

22

33

33

2 2

1

1

22 2

2

22

2 2

11

22

2 2

1 1

11

11

22

11 22

22

2 2

2

0

11

1 1

11

1 111

1

1

2 2

22 11

11

1 1

1

1

2

2

2

2

1 1

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

1

1

1 1

11

11

1

1

11

22

2 2

11

11

11

11

2

2

11

1 1

22

3

3

33

2

2

2

2

1 1

2

2

22

22

33

3

3

2 233

33

22

22

22

22

33

22

2 22

2

2 2

22

11

1 1

11

22

33

33

22

22

55

1

1

11

11

11

11

1 1

1 1

11

22

2 2

1

1

22

2 2

11

1

1

1

1

1

1

21

1 11 1

11

11

11

1

1

1 1

11

11

22

1 1

22

1 1

2

0

21

11

1 1

11

1

1

1

1

22

2 2

22

1 1

11

11

11

1

1

11 11

22

11

22

3

3

33

33

3

3

33

33

22

44

33

11

1

1

22

1 1

1

1

11

11

3

3

33

1 1

1

1

11

1 1

22 1

1

1 1

1

11 1 1

11

11

1 1

11

11

22

11

22

1 1

1

1

1 1

11

55

5

5 22

55

1 1

11

11

11

11

11

33

3 3

11

2

2

22

2 2

22

1 1

22

2

2

11

1 111

11

1 1

11

33 11

3 33 3

33 11 11

11

1

1

1

1

22

11

11

11

11

11

11

2 2

11

11

1 1

22

11 2

2

11

22 1

1

22

1 1

11

11

1111

11

11 2

2

11

2

2

2 2

22

1

1

22

22

11

1 122

2 2

11

2

2

2

2

11

22

11

2 2

1

1

2 2

22

11

2 2

22

3

3

3

3

22

22

33

3 3

11

2 2

2

2

2222

3 2

22

223 3

33

22

2

222

2

2

2 2

22

22

22

2

2

1 1

22

1 1

11

11

1 1

1 1

11

11

1 1

2 2

22

1

1

11

22

2

2

1 1

1

1

1

1

22

2

2

2 2

22

22

2 2

1 1

11

11

1

1

1 1

11 1

1

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

22

2

2

22

2

2

1 1

2

2 2 2

22

2

2

22

2 2

1 1

1

1

1 1

11

11

1

1

11

1

122

2

2

00

33

3 3

224

4

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

11

11 1 1

11

1

1

11

11

11

3

3

33

1 1

22

2 2

1

1

22

22

11

2

2

22

11

1 1

2

2

22

22

22

2 2

22

2 2

22

22

22

2 2

11

2 2

22

1

1

1

1

22

2 2

11

22

2 2

22

2 2

22

22

22

11

11

1 11 1

11

11

11

11

11

1 1

1

111

1

1

1 1

11

11

11

1

1

1

1

11 1 1

1

1

1

1

11

11

1 1

0

22

2

2

22

2 21

1

3

3

3

3

3

2

3

2

2 2

22

22

2 2

33

3 3

33

3 311

11

11

22

1 1

1

1

11

1

1

2 2

22

223 3

2

2

33

2

2

11

1 1

11

1

1

1 1

11

11

1 11

1

11

3 33 31

1

1133

11

1111

11

1

1

11

11

1 1

11

1

1

11

1 1

11

22

2211

1 1

33

3 311

3 3

332

2

33

3 3

11

22

11

22

33

3 3

22

55

33

3 311

4

4

44

33

3 3

11

22

33

3 31

1

33 22

55 3

3

33

11

11

2 2

22

3 3

55

22

2 2

11

55

22 5

5

2 211

22

55

2 2

22

1 1

11

55

33

3 3

22 33

4 4

33

4 44 4

22

3 3

33

11

3

3

22

3 3

33

3

3

11

33

33

22

2 2

33

3 3

22

1 1

22

22

22

1 122

33

3 3

22

22

11

11

11

3 3

44

3

2

11

33

22 33

3 3

33

3

3

11 3 33

3

33

11

3344

3 31

1

22

22

33

11

3

34 4

22

44

3

3

11

1 1

4 4

33

11

11

44

33

33

11

33

3

31

1

33

33

3

3

11

3 3

1 13 3

2 2

3

11

1

1

33

3

3

1 1

11

1

1

11

11

1

1

11

11

11

1 1

1 1

11

11

11

55

1 1

11

11

1 1

11

11

11

2 2

22

11

1 1

11

11

1 1

11

1 1

11 11

2

2

33

2 2

33

1 1

3 3

22

11

11

11

22

1 1

22

3

3

3

3

11

1 1

11

33

3 333

3 3

11

33

2

2

3 3

44

22

44

4

4

4

4

11

11

1 1

11

2 2

33

33

33

3 3

11

3 3

33

22

4

44

4

44 2

2

44

11

22

11

11

22

11

2

2

4

4

2222

22

22

22

44

44

22

442

2

44

44

22

44

11

11

11

2

2

44

44

22

2 2

33

3 3

11

3 3

22 33

11

22

44

44

22

4

4

11

3 3

33

33

3 3

1

1

11

4

4

22

44

11

44

1 1

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

33

11

11

3 3

11

11

11

1 1

1 1

11

11

22

2222

22

2

2

2 2

1 1

1

1

22

2 2

2

2

1

1

11

11

22

2 2

2

2

33

11

1

1

3

3

3

311

44

44

22

2 2

1

1

44

55

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

1 1

1 1

22

22

33

3333

22

2 2

4

4

55

55

11

11

2 2

11

1 1

2

2

1 1

2

2

44

11

1 1

2222

2 2

22

2 2

1

1

1

1

22

2 2

11

2 2

22

1 1

11

2

2 2 2

23

3 3

11

3

3

3

3

22

44

11

44

1 1

11

44

2 2

22

4

4

4

444

44

44

22

44

44

44

44

44

44

44

22

44

44

2 2

221

122

2 2

11

22

22

1 1

11

11

1

1

1

1

111 1

11

1

1

11

11

11

1 11

1

11

1

1

1 1

11

1

1

11

11

11

11

11

11

11 1

1

11

11

11

11

11

11

1

1

11

11 1 11

1

11

1 1

11

11

1

1

1

1

11 1 1

11

11

2

2

22

11 1 1

1

1

1 1

1

1

22

1 1

1

1

11

1

11

11 1 1

33

33

11

2 2

22 22

2 2

3

3

33

11

11

1 1

11

11

2 2

33

3 3

11

22

2 21

1

11

1 11 1

11

1

11

1

11

1

11111

1 1

11

2

2

1 1

11

11

22

22

2 22

2

11

11 1

1

11

11

1

1

11

1

1

11

11

22

2

211

11

11

1 1

11

1 1

11

11

11

11

1 1

11

11

1 1

1 1

22

22

22

22

11

11

1 1

11

1111

1 1

22

22

2 2

22

22

11

1

1

22

1 1

11

1

1

11

11

1111

1

1

1 1

1

1

11

1 1

1111

2

2

2

2

2 2

22

22

1 1

22

22

1

1

1

111

1 1

11

11

1 1

11

1

1

1

1

11

1 1

11

1

1

1

1

11

1 1

11

11

1

1

1 1

11

1 1

11

1 1

11

1 1

11

1

1

2

2

2211

11

1 1

11

1 1

1 1

11

2

2

22

1 1

11

22

2

2

11

33

3

3

2

2

22

11

11

22

2

2

11

1 1

11

2

2

2

2

3

3

33

22

11

11

2 2

22

2

2

22

2

2

22

1 1

11

22

22

1

1

1

1

11

11

11

22

22

1 1

11

11

1

1

11

1 1

11

11

11

1 1

1 1

11

22

2 2

11

1 1

22

22

33

33

22

22

1 1

11

11

11

22

1

1

11

1

1

33

33

22

22

2

2

2

2

1122

11

2 2

1

1

2 2

22

1

1

1 1

11

22

11

1

1

33

33

33

33

22

2 233

33

2

2

2

2

33

3 3

2 2

22

11

1 1

1

1

1

1

11

11

11 1 1

1 1

11

11

1 1

21

1 1

22

22

2

2

22

2

2

2

2

11

11

1

1

1 1

11

22

22

3 3

33

3 3

33

22

2 2

3 3

33

2

2

1

1

22

2 2

2

2

2

2

11

11

1 1

11

11

1 1

1 1

1

1

11

11

11

11

2 2

22

2

2

2

2

22

1 1

11

11

11

1 1

11

2 2

11 11

22

2 2

22

1

1

1

1

11 11

1

1 1 1

22 22

22

21

21

22

21

2

2

2

2

11

1 1

2

2

2

2

11

1 1

1

1

1 1

11

11

1 1

11

11

11

11

22

2

2

11

22

1

1 1 1

11

1

1

11

1 1

1

1

11

2

2

22

11

1 1

11 1

1

22

2 2

11

1

1

22

2 2

1 1

11

11

11

11

1 1

11

1 1

11

11

11

1 1

2

2

2

2

11

22

2 2

1

1

11

11

1 111

1

1

1

1

2

2

22

11

1 1

11

1

1

1

1

22

2

2

11

11

11

1

11 1

11

11 11

11

1 1

1

1

2 2

22 1

1

1 11

1

11

1

1 1 1

11

11

1 1

22

2

2

11

1 1

1 1

1

1

22

2 21

1

1

1

1

1

11

11

33

3

32

2

22

22

22

2

2

2

2

2 2

2

2

2

2

22

2 2

22

22

22

22

1 111

11

11

2 2

22 1

1

2 2

11

22

11

11

1 1

11

22

2 2

11

11

11

11

1 1

2 2

22

22

2 2

2

2

2

2

33

3 3

2

2

2

2

1

1

11

1 1

3

3

33

1 1

11

11

11

1

1

11

1 122

2

2

2 2

22

2

2

2 2

2 2

221 1

11

22

22 2 2

22

22

22

22

2

211

1

1

1 1

22

2 2

11

2

2

11

22

11

1 1

1

1

11

2

2

22

1 1

11

22

22

1 1

22 11

11 11

11

1 1

11

11

11

22

11

22

1 1

2

2

222

2

1 11

1

11

11

11

1 1

11

11

1 1

2 2

11

1 11 1

11

11

1

1

1 1

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

11 1

1

1 1

1

1

11

11

2 2

22

1

1

11

22

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

11

11

1 1

33

11

22

22

11

11

11

11

1 1

11

1 1

1 1

11

2

2

2

2

4

4

4

4

4

4

22 2

2

22

22

11

1 1

22

2

2

2

2

2

2

22

22

2 2

3

3

1 1

3

3

3

2

11 3

2

3

3

2 2

11

22

2 2

22

2 2

3

3

1 1

3

311

1 1

11

2

2

22

33

22

22

2 2

33 22

2 2

02

2

2

2

2

22

2 2

22

11

1 1

1 1

11

22

22 1

1

1 1

22

21

21

22

1

1

11

1 1

2

2

22

22

2

2

22

33

3

3

44

11

4

4

2 2

22

4

4

22

2 2

4

4

1 1

1

1

11

1

1

2

2

1 122

3

3

3

3

2 2

1 1

11

11

1

1

11

22

11

2 2

1

1

11

1 1

2 2

22

22

22

11

11

11

11

22

2

2

1

1

1

1

11

11

11

1 1

1

1

2 2

11

1

1

11

2

2

22

2 2

2

1

1

22

22

22

22

22

22

1 1

2

1

1

11

22

2 2

2 2

1

1

22

2 2

22

22

22

11

22

22

22

22

2 2

2

2

2

2

1 1

11

2

2

22

11

1

1

2 2

22

1 1

11

22

2 2

11

11

1

1

22

22

1

1

2 2

11

22

22

22

22

11

2

2

00

22

22

22

22

22

22

22

11

1 1

11

11

11

11

11

1

1

1 1

11

1

1

1

1 1

1 1

11

1

1

11

1 1

1

1

2

2

11

11

1

1

1 1

1

1

11

1

1

22

2

2

2 222 22

2 2

2

2

11

11

11

11

11

22

55

22

22

5

522

33

4

4

22

22

2 22 2

22 2

2

22

22

4422

222

2

44

11

11

22

22

22

00

00

00

0 000

00

00

0 000

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

00

Links with Lane Number Update

Links without Lane Number Update

Legend

Number closer to link indicates the updated lane number

Number of Lanes Update


25

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Appendix B. Changes to Transit Network


26

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Transit Lines with Updated Headways based on 2011 Frequency Guide

2 Main 20 10

3 McLaughlin 15 20

4 Chinguacousy 10 15

5 Bovaird 10 20

14 Torbram 10 20

15 Bramalea 10 30

16 Southgate 30 20

19 Fernforest 20 30

23 Sandalwood 15 30

50 Gore Road 20 40

52 McMurchy 20 15

Original Headwaysin Model

2011Frequency Guide

Route Number Route Name

New Transit Lines

501

501A

502 Zum Main

21 Heart Lake

29 Williams

31 McVean

32 Father Tobin

33 Peter Robertson

51 Steeles West

53 Oaklea

54 James Potter

115 Airport EXPRESS


Zum Queen

Deleted Transit Lines

6 Mackay

22 Springdale

26 Fletchers Meadow

77 Finch Subway

91 GO A



27

CITY OF BRAMPTON



28

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Appendix C. Special Generators

16231624

1625

1626

1627

1628

1629

1630

1631

1632

1633

1634

1635

1636

1637

16381639

1640

1641

1642

1643

1644

1645

16461647

1648

1649

1650

1651

1652

1653

1654

1655

1656

1657 1658

1659

1660 1661

16621663

1664

1665

1666

1667 1668

1669 1670 16711672

1673

1674

1675

16761677

1678

1679 1680

1681

1682

1683

1684

1685

16861687

1717

17181719

1720

1721

1722

1723

1724

1725

1726

1727

1728

17291730

1731

17321733

1734

1735

1736

1737

1738 1739 17401741

1742

1743 1744

1745

1747

1748

1749

1750

1801

1802

1803

18041805

1806 1807

1808

1809

1810 1811

1812

18131814

1815

1816

1817 18181819

1820

1821

18221823

1824

18251826

1827 1828

1829 1830

1831

1832

1833

1834

18351836

1837

1838

1839

18401841

1842

1843

1844

1845 18461847

1848

1849

18501851

1852

18531854

1855

18561857

1858

1859

1860

18611862

1863

1864

1865

1866

1867

1868

1869

1870

1871

1872

18731874

1875

1876

1877

1878 1879

1880

1881

1882

1883

1884

1885

18861887

1888

1889

1890

1891

1892

1893

1894

1895

1896

1897

1898

1899

1900

1901

1902

1903

1904

1905

1906

19071908

1909

1910

1911

19121913

1914

19151916

1917

19181919

1920

1921

1922

1923 1924

1926

1927

1928

1929

1930

1931

1932

1933

1934

1935

1936

1937

1938 1939

1940

Special Generators

Legend:

Special Generators

Trinity Commons

Bramalea City CentreBrampton Civic Centre

Shoppers World

Sheridan CollegeBrampton Campus


29

CITY OF BRAMPTON


Appendix D. Road Capacity Classification


30

CITY OF BRAMPTON


No TWLTL

Area

Operational Class

Adjacent Lane Use

Traffic Operational Conditions

Speed

Lanes /

Direction

Capacity/Lane

TWCLR (Y

or N)

Capacity / Lane

N/A

Freeway

N/A

90‐110

N/A

1800

N/A

1800

N/A

Urban

Expressway

N/A

90‐110

N/A

1800

N/A

1800

N/A

Freeway Ram

pN/A

70

N/A

1400

N/A

1400

N/A

Toll Highway

N/A

90‐110

N/A

1800

N/A

1800

N/A

Toll Highway Ram

pN/A

70

N/A

1400

N/A

1400

N/A

Freeway/Expressway HOV

N/A

90‐110

N/A

1800

N/A

1800

N/A

Freeway/Expressway HOV Ram

pN/A

70

N/A

1400

N/A

1400

N/A

Freeway/Expressway Truck Only

N/A

11000

N/A

1000

21000

N/A

1000

60‐70

1800

Y900

60‐70

2825

Y875

60‐70

3850

N/A

850

60

1700

Y800

60

2725

Y775

60

3750

N/A

750

50‐60

1600

Y700

50‐60

2625

Y675

50‐60

3650

N/A

650

50

1500

Y600

50

2525

Y575

50

3550

N/A

550

40‐50

1

40‐50

2

Local Streets

Centroid connectors

40

19999

WITH TWLTL

Brampton Transportation M

aster Plan ‐ Road

Classification System (FO

R DISCUSSION PURPOSES)

Low to medium density

residential/commercial development

with direct access

All‐way stops and other traffic

calm

ing measures

Roads providing access to local streets

Downtown/City Centre Local Roads

400

450

Close signal spacing, occassional

illegal parking causing

interference, some transit service



with direct access

Collector Road

Presence of heavy transit and

cyclists

Roads in high density

office/commerical (CBD) with high

pedestrian activity, parking, etc.

Downtown/City Centre Collectors

Closer signal spacing, lower level

of signal coordination and

greentime allocation, some transit

service

Major Urban

Arterial

Principle/M

ajor Arterial



with some access

Long signal spacing and good

signal coordination/regression

Urban

Rural

Undivided Highway/Arterial

Roads thorugh

mostly vacant lands or

farm

land

80

**N

ote:

A c

apac

ity p

er la

ne is

use

d fo

r m

odel

ing

purp

oses

.

Road

s thr

ough

mos

tly v

acan

t lan

ds o

rfa

rmla

nd

Documents

CITY OF BRAMPTON TRANSPORTATION MASTER …...MODEL VALIDATION | NOVEMBER 2013 6 CITY OF BRAMPTON TRANSPORTATION MASTER PLAN UPDATE 3.0 DEMAND REVIEW 3.1 Super Zones A two-tier system