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Citri‐Fi® Emulsification Properties in Food
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Agenda
• Market Review• Citri‐Fi® Product Overview• Technical Session • Summary • Q&A
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Market Review
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U.S. Market Trends
• Clean Label Market• Label declaration • Shorter labels: multifunctional ingredients• Not chemical or synthetic
• Partially Hydrogenated Oil (PHO) Free• FDA revoked partially hydrogenated oil GRAS • Formulators removing PHO from foods
• Non‐Bioengineered/ Non‐GMO • Vegan/Vegetarian Consumer Segment • Sustainability
• Watch groups/association protecting palm sources• Corporate responsibility and sustainable foods
• Higher Functioning Emulsifier Technology
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Europe Market Trends• No E‐number Formulating • 100% Natural
• Ice Cream: removing mono diglycerides, chemical emulsifiers & E‐No.• Sauce & Dressing: replacing chemical emulsifiers, modified starches and allergens
• Dairy, Beverages & Creams: replacing chemical emulsifiers and E‐No. ingredients such as CMC, Carrageenan, Gums
• Canned Meat and Fish: replacing chemical emulsifiers and modified starches
• Vegan Segment Is Growing• Replacements for milk or egg proteins that are used for emulsification • Starches are a possible solution but do not provide nutritional component like Citri‐Fi
• Free‐From Market • Removing allergens from foods (e.g. milk, gluten, egg, soy) Meat Industry: replacing allergens in meat emulsions (e.g. soy, milk, etc.)
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Other Global Trends• Canada
• Clean Label and natural ingredients are trending • Mono and diglycerides perceived as chemical‐based
• Central and South America • Cost & functionality versus work horse emulsifiers in the market place• New emulsification technology to reduce costs and improve functionality
• Asia‐Pacific • Emulsifier category growth due to demand in emerging countries• Busy lifestyles are driving the needs for convenience foods • Reduced calorie and fat in foods driving emulsifier use• Regulatory organizations are setting new safety standards to determine what preservatives is safe for its intended use
• Alternative technology: enzymes and clean label ingredients
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Citri‐Fi Value Proposition
• Clean Label • In U.S. approved to be labeled as citrus flour, dried citrus pulp or citrus fiber
• No e‐number • Natural, allergen‐free, National Organic Program Compliant
• Non‐GMO & Non‐bioengineered• Animal‐free & Plant‐based Source• Nutritional Contribution of Soluble & Insoluble Fiber
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Citri‐Fi Value Proposition
• Sustainable Source
• Stable Supply • Sourced from U.S. • Not sourced from geo‐political unstable environments like acacia gum
• Functionality• High oil loading as a plating agent (up to 25%)• Multi‐functional fiber:
• Moisture retention• Stabilization
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Fiberstar andCitri‐Fi Review
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Raw Orange Fiber Before Processing After Processing
EnhancedNaturalFibers™
Citri‐Fi begins as raw orange fiber after the juicing process. The natural pulp cell structure is mechanically processed to create the extended surface area individual to Citri‐Fi.
Citri‐Fi 100, 200 & 300
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Fiberstar Products
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Our main product line that includes 10 product types differentiated by composition and/or particle size. The products have great versatility in the application scope that includes meat, bakery, beverages, sauces and dressings, prepared foods, dairy, soups, fruits and vegetables, pet food etc.
Product Series Description Available Grinds
Citri‐Fi 100 Series Enhanced Citrus Fiber Standard, Fine, M40 and M20
Citri‐Fi 125 Series Enhanced Citrus Peel Fiber Fine and M40
Citri‐Fi 200 Series Enhanced Citrus Fiber Co‐Processed with Guar Gum
Standard and Fine
Citri‐Fi 300 Series Enhanced Citrus Fiber Co‐Processed with Xanthan Gum
Fine and M40
Citri‐Fi Products
Products Citri‐Fi 100Series
Citri‐Fi 125Series
Citri‐Fi 200Series
Citri‐Fi 300 Series
Meats
Bakery
Gluten Free Bakery
Dairy
Dressings/Sauces
Beverages
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Technical Review
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Advantages of Using Citri‐Fi
• Natural Emulsification • Citri‐Fi has both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties• Results in both water and fat binding
• Citri‐Fi Absorbs Large Amounts Of Water• Amorphous fiber structures bind yet blend away naturally into the texture of the product
• More natural texture and mouthfeel versus other hydrocolloids • Available in several particle sizes, from smooth to pulpy
• Label Friendly • Typically labelled as dried citrus pulp, citrus fiber, or citrus flour• Even friendlier than similar products on market because the product does not touch solvents or chemicals.
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Advantages of Using Citri‐Fi
• No Specific Order Of Addition• Add in with other ingredients• Use as a pre‐blend
• Is Stable And Resistant Across:• Wide range of pH• Temperature, Citri‐Fi does not need a heat step to activate functionalities
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Emulsification Review
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What are Emulsifiers?
• Emulsifiers interact with both hydrophobic (oil‐loving) and hydrophilic (water‐loving) phases.
• Making an otherwise unstable heterogeneous mixture, like oil and water, homogeneous and stable.
18Whitehurst, R. J. (2004). Emulsifiers in food technology. Oxford: Blackwell Pub.
Demo: 15g Oil 5g Citri‐Fi 50g Water
Assembled by nature, Citri‐Fi binds water and oil….
Soluble Fiber – Pectin and other polysaccharides strongly hold water to provide viscosity and adhesion.
Insoluble Fiber – provides a scaffold to hold the water in capillary spaces. The high‐surface area created is ideal for fats to adsorb onto.
Protein– provides fat and oil binding to stabilize emulsions. Oil binding is reinforced by pectin synergy.
Unique Functionality of Citri‐Fi
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Protein
InsolubleFiber
SolubleFiber
Assembled by nature, Citri‐Fi binds water and oil….
Unique Functionality of Citri‐Fi
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Protein
InsolubleFiber
SolubleFiber
Emulsion Stabilizing Index Comparisons
• Index indicates relative oil holding capacity of each stabilizer in a water based emulsions after hydration, shearing, and centrifugation.
• If interested, request more info for method details.
Emulsifier/Fiber Emulsion Stabilizing Index Number (g oil / g stabilizer)
100M20 5.64125FG 5.82100M40 6.03100 6.73125M40 6.73100FG 7.97Comparisons To Other Fibers, Stabilizers & EmulsifiersOat Fiber 1.01
Lecithin 2.90Carrot Fiber 3.95Mono/diglyceride 4.59
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Applications Review
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Applications Outline
• Soups and Sauces• Dressings• Beverages• Ice Cream• Bakery Products• Bakery Fillings• Meats• Spray Drying
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Soups and Sauces
• Emulsification of oil into product for a dual role of improved appearance and mouthfeel of final product.
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Control: No Citri‐Fi 0.5% Citri‐Fi® 100M40
Dressings: Egg ReductionFull Egg Control
25% Reduced EggCitri‐Fi 300M40
1:20
25% Reduced EggCitri‐Fi 100M40
1:17Ingredients unit % unit % unit %Lemon Juice 20.00 4.03 20.00 4.03 20.00 4.03Eggs 100.00 20.16 75.00 15.12 75.00 15.12Soybean Oil 322.00 64.92 322.00 64.91 322.00 64.92Vinegar 22.00 4.44 22.00 4.43 22.00 4.44Salt 10.00 2.02 10.00 2.02 10.00 2.02Sugar 20.00 4.03 20.00 4.03 20.00 4.03Dry Mustard 2.00 0.40 2.00 0.40 2.00 0.40Citri‐Fi 300M40 0.00 0.00 1.19 0.24 0.00 0.00Citri‐Fi 100M40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.39 0.28Water 0.00 0.00 23.81 4.80 23.61 4.76Total 496.00 100.00 496.00 100.00 496.00 100.00
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Incorporation Methods: • Mix Citri‐Fi into a part or
all of the oil component• Mix Citri‐Fi into dry
ingredients
Dressings: Fat Reduction
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Incorporation Methods: • Mix Citri‐Fi into a part or
all of the oil component• Mix Citri‐Fi into dry
ingredients
Full Fat Control 25% Reduced Fat Citri‐Fi 300M40
1:9
25% Reduced FatCitri‐Fi 300M40
1:12Ingredients UNIT % UNIT % UNIT %Lemon Juice 20.00 4.00 20.00 4.00 20.00 4.00Eggs 100.00 20.20 100.00 20.20 100.00 20.20Soybean Oil 322.00 64.90 241.50 48.70 241.50 48.70Vinegar 22.00 4.40 22.00 4.40 22.00 4.40Salt 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00 10.00 2.00Sugar 20.00 4.00 20.00 4.00 20.00 4.00Dry Mustard 2.00 0.40 2.00 0.40 2.00 0.40Citri‐Fi 300M40 0.00 0.00 8.05 1.60 6.20 1.20Water 0.00 0.00 72.45 14.60 74.31 15.00Total 496.00 100.00 496.00 100.00 496.00 100.00
Dressings: Modified Starch Replacement
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Beverages:Clouding with Citri‐Fi & Oil
• Citri‐Fi gives beverages an appealing and natural opacity at a low inclusion rate
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0.001% 0.05%0.01% 0.10% 0.15%
Values indicate the dry basis weight of each sample. Citri‐Fi 100M40 with a 25% tangerine oil content was used to create the following emulsions. Samples were inverted prior to the photo ‐ will separate if no shear or stabilizers are used
Beverages: Stable Clouds Including a Stabilizer
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Ready‐to‐Drink Mocha Beverage
This beverage contains gellan gum for suspension of solids combined with Citri‐Fi® and showcases the creamy mouthfeel Citri‐Fi imparts to RTD
beverage systems.
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Citri‐Fi® 100M40Ingredients % UNITWater 46.74 4674.10Coffee concentrate 24x* 4.00 400.002% Milk 35.60 3560.00Vanilla, single strength 0.70 70.00Cocoa, Hershey's 1.50 150.00Sugar, baker’s fine 11.00 1100.00High Acyl Gellan gum** 0.03 2.90TSP 0.06 6.00Salt, fine granular 0.07 7.00Citri‐Fi® 100 M40 0.30 30.00
Total 100.00 10000.00
Clean Label Plating Technology
• Surface area made during production makes Citri‐Fi effective as a carrier
• Typical rates are 15‐25% with no noticeable different in dry fiber properties
• Easy incorporation and mixing
• Citri‐Fi’s functionality able to perform in final applications
• Tendency for slower release
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SEM of Citri‐Fi 100 at 650X
SEM of Citri‐Fi 100 at 1000X
Citri‐Fi’s porosity and surface area enable high loads of oil via plating
Plating Comparisons to Maltodextrin
• Oils can be plated on Citri‐Fi at levels 5‐6 times more than maltodextrin while maintaining a flowable dry powder
• From the chart on the right: 4% loads for maltodextrin versus 25% for Citri‐Fi
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01234567
Citri‐Fi100M40(20% Oil)
Citri‐Fi125M40(20% Oil)
Citri‐Fi100M40(25% Oil)
Maltodextrin(4% Oil)
Maltodextrin(20% Oil)
Flowability of Powders
Analysis of Powders: 1: Free Flowing Powder10: Cohesive Powder
Beverages: Instant/Dry Mix
Plated Lemon Oil
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Ingredients Grams %Citri‐Fi® 100M40 14.80 80.00Natural Lemon Oil (LorAnn Oils) 3.70 20.00
Total 25.00 100.00
Procedure:This can be hand mixed or blended in a Waring blender with a small blending vessel.1. Place Citri‐Fi® 100M40 in a sturdy bowl.2. Drizzle in the lemon oil. 3. With a slight grinding motion, use a spoon to blend the oil into the
Citri‐Fi® 100M40 until a homogenous powder is achieved.
Beverages: Instant/Dry Mix with Clouding & Flavor Delivery With No Other Emulsifiers
Lemonade With Plated Lemon Oil
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Ingredients Grams %Sugar 27.83 12.10Citric Acid 0.92 0.40Citri‐Fi 100M40 plated with lemon oil 0.58 0.25Salt 0.18 0.08Water 200.49 87.17
Total 230.00 100.00
Procedure:1. Dry blend dry ingredients and ensure that Citri‐Fi® is evenly distributed
throughout the sugar.2. Mix with the water. Stir until the sugar is dissolved.3. Add ice and enjoy.
Chocolate Ice Cream
Objective: • To determine if Citri‐Fi could replace a proprietary stabilizer/emulsifier blend
Results:• Successful with both Citri‐Fi 100M40 and 100M20 at 0.8%
• Improved texture through freeze/thaw stability
• Reduced melt time
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Ice Creams were manufactured at the at the University of Wisconsin – River Falls (Falcon Food Store)
Chocolate Ice Cream Sensory Evaluation
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Melting Rate Evaluation of Chocolate Ice Cream
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Bakery: Egg Reduction
Key Benefits for Baked Good Manufacturers• Ingredient Cost Reduction • Moisture Retention• Improved Structure• Natural Emulsification Stabilization
• Improved Label and Nutritional Declaration
• Maintained Quality over Shelf life
• Gluten Free Bakery
Citri‐Fi Solution:• Citri‐Fi 125 and 200 Product Lines
• Usage recommendations:• Up 20% reduction with 200FG at 1:14 ratio
• Up to 15% reduction with 125FG at a 1:21 ratio
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20% Egg Replacement in Muffins
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Full Egg Control20% Reduced EggCitri‐Fi 200FG 1:15
20% Reduced EggCitri‐Fi 125FG 1:21
Ingredients unit % unit % unit %Muffin Mix 500.00 53.30 500.00 53.30 500.00 53.30Eggs 175.00 18.70 140.00 14.90 140.00 14.90Oil 150.00 16.00 150.00 16.00 150.00 16.00Citri‐Fi 200FG 0.00 0.00 2.19 0.20 0.00 0.00Citri‐Fi 125FG 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.59 0.20Water 112.50 12.00 112.50 12.00 112.50 12.00Additional Water 0.00 0.00 32.81 3.50 33.41 3.60Total 937.50 100.00 937.50 100.00 937.50 100.00
20% Egg Replacement in Muffins
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Bakery Fillings
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Control
1.8 % Citri-Fi 200FG
Benefits: • Natural emulsification resulting in a more stable product.
• Water is bound resulting in less evaporative loss.
• Blow‐out is reduced resulting in a more appetizing and appealing product.
• Freeze‐thaw stability is seen through the reduction of ice crystallization.
Applications:• Fruit Fillings • Crème Fillings• Custard Fillings
Meat Marinades
FORMULA:
Conclusion: • This is a great application for Sous Vide
methods to maintain cling and control water during cooking
CITRI‐FI USAGE:Amount of Citri‐Fi: • Best results are found when Citri‐Fi is
incorporated at 0.5‐1.5% of the total formula weight.
How to Add Citri‐Fi: • Pre‐mix Citri‐Fi into the formula dry
ingredients, such as salt or seasoning. • After Citri‐Fi is incorporated, follow your
standard mixing procedures. No high shear mixing is required.
• Alternatively, Citri‐Fi can be dispersed into at least 2 times its weight in formula oil prior to incorporation with other ingredients.
• Do not pre‐hydrate Citri‐Fi with water.
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Ingredient Control (%) Citri‐Fi (%)
Meat 67.0 67.0
Water 15.5 15.4
Seasoning 3.0 3.0
Vinegar 0.7 0.7
Lemon Juice 0.7 0.7
Oil 13.0 12.9
Citri‐Fi 300FG ‐ 0.5
Total 100.0 100.0
Meat Marinades
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BBQ Chicken Marinade Australia
Citri‐Fi® is used in marinade to increase yield, add succulence, and contribute to a clean label system (no phosphates).
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Spray Drying
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Commercial Spray Drying Set‐up
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Spray Drying TrialsProcedure:
1. Hydrate citrus fiber or gum by stirring in water
overnight, 25 C.
2. Add in remaining ingredients with IKA overhead
propeller mixer.
3. Homogenize 3X at 5000 psi.
4. Measure oil droplet and particle sizes using Horiba
Partica light scattering particle size distribution
analyzer.
5. Spray dry using Buchi lab spray dryer using conditions
as outlined.
1. Inlet ~190‐220 C
2. Outlet temps 100 C
3. Inlet pump speeds 5‐15 ml/min
6. Rehydrate powder at 1% and measure oil droplet and
particle sizes using Horiba Partica light scattering
particle size distribution analyzer.
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Test 1 Test 5Acacia 100M40w/ malt 45% solids
Ingredients 25% load 20% loadCitri‐Fi 100M40 0.0% 0.6%Citri‐Fi 100M20 0.0% 0.0%Water 69.6% 64.4%Gum Acacia 7.0% 0.0%Maltodextrin (M100) 17.4% 29.0%Soy Oil 6.1% 5.9%Total 100.0% 100.0%
Process Steps
Step 5: Spray DryParticle Size Measurement
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Dryer Set‐up During Drying
• All CF tests remained in suspension during drying
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Particle Size Results Summary
Spray Dried Test 5 w/ CF100M40Spray Dried Test w/ Gum Arabic
Results Comments
• Test with Gum Arabic: worked good
• Test with 0.6% CF100M40: worked the best out of all the trials & dried as good or better than gum Arabic and had closest particle size match
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Spray Drying Summary
• CF in spray drying works good at 1% or less for the emulsification properties
• Potential to replace gums or other emulsifiers
• Maltodextrin is effective carrier in spray drying• Can attain 50% solids• Max pre‐dried solids with CF is 1%
• Opportunity to directly plate CF without drying to attain same loads as maltodextrin during drying
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Plating vs. Spray Drying
CF/Dry Plate Maltodextrin/Spray DryOil Loads 25% 25%*
Other Ingredients Needed
None Needs an emulsifier otherwise not stable prior to drying
Oil Loss Minimal Typically 20‐30% loss
Oxidation To be measured, testing planned To be measured, testing planned
Flavor Intensity
Process Estimated <$0.25/lb. Estimated >$1.00 /lb.
CapitalCost/Complication
Most blenders or mixers,commonly available
Requires spray dryer & homogenization, less available and
more costly
Shelf Life To be measured To be measured
*Max oil loading of maltodextrin dry plating is 3‐4%
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Summary
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Summary
• Several market drivers are affecting the emulsifier category which depends on the global region: clean label, price, functionality, GMO‐free, animal‐free, allergen‐free and sustainability.
• Citri‐Fi is an ideal natural emulsifier due to its natural composition of soluble fiber which holds the water to provide viscosity, insoluble fiber which absorbs fat and protein which binds the water & oil into stable emulsions reinforced by pectin synergy.
• Citri‐Fi provides emulsification benefits to soups, sauces, dressings, beverages, ice cream, bakery products, fillings and meats.
• Spray drying is a new potential use for Citri‐Fi to replace expensive gums and other emulsifiers.
• This is the first of a multi‐webinar series on emulsification. New emulsification science will provide additional data.
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Contact Information
• International Sales • Nick Kovalenko (VP of International Sales)
• [email protected]• (651) 491‐4053
• U.S./Canada Sales• Dan O’Connell (VP of North America Sales)
• [email protected]• (920) 629‐7245
• Technical (Director of Food Technology)• Kurt Villwock, Ph.D.
• [email protected]• (715) 425‐7550 x 123
• Marketing & Media (VP of Marketing)• Jennifer Stephens
• [email protected]• (303) 513‐4021
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