Citations

Why do we cite?To give credit for others’ ideasSo that other people can find our sources

So they can check the accuracy of factsSo they can use our sources in their own

research

Just because somebody put their research/writing on the internet doesn’t mean that it’s right for you to copy it.

When do we cite?When using a direct quoteWhen paraphrasing another author’s workWhen referencing someone else’s opinionWhen using a fact that is not common

knowledge

The only time you should not be citing a source is when discussing

something that is common knowledge or your own opinion.

In Text CitationsThe citation or the sentence should always include the

author or title of the source, the year of publication, and a page number

At the end of a sentence where you’ve used a source, insert a citation before the periodAccording to the article, “a potential cause of depression

in teens is academic pressure to perform well in high school and to be admitted to college ” (Bloom, 2001, 21).

Author is the default, title should only be used if there is no author

If the source has no year, use n.d. (Bloom, n.d.) If there are no page numbers, skip the page number

completely (Bloom, 2001)The author or title should correspond to the entry in

your Works Cited page so readers can find it easily

Making a References Page

•Each entry is single spaced, but double space between entries

•Organize the entries alphabetically

•The word References should always appear, centered, at the top of the page

Citing BooksAuthor, A. (Date of Publication). Title of book. Place of Publication: Publisher.

Salinger, J.D.. (1951). The Catcher in the rye. New York: Little Brown and Company.

Clark, J. (2006). Eyewitness history: The gilded age. New York: Facts on File.

Citing an Article in a Reference BookAuthor, A.(Year of publication). Title of

article. In A. Editor, Title of book (pages of chapter). Location: Publisher.

Williams, W. (2009). Psychology. In Smith, J, Encyclopedia Brittanica (673-677). New York: Oxford University Press.

(2002). Psychology. In History of Modern Science and Mathematics. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons.

Citing Academic Journal ArticlesAuthor, A. (Date of publication). Title

of article. Title of Journal, volume number(issue number), page range.

Burgess, A. (1967). Politics in the novels of Graham Greene. Literature and Society, 2(2), 93-99.

Williams, T. (2011). Evolutionary psychology. Scientific American, 34(5), 65-66.

Citing an Article from a DatabaseLucky for you, APA doesn’t have a

special citation for online sources from databases. Just cite them as though they were in print!

Citing WebsitesAuthor, A. (Date of publication including day

and month if available). Title of document. Retrieved from http://www.webaddress.com

How to make vegetarian chili. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/recipes/vegetarianchili.ht

ml/Angeli, E., & Wagner, J. (2010, May 5). General

format. Retrieved from

http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/

Where to Go for RemindersThe OWL:http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/

560/01/

Cornell U. Library:http://www.library.cornell.edu/resrch/

citmanage/apa

Noodle Tools Express Citation Generatorhttp://www.noodletools.com/

Or you can look in a book! We have plenty of APA handbooks just waiting to be taken out!

Questions?