CIRAD Nadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS Gérard CHUZEL A New Challenge for Cereal Production and Processing Chains: Development of a Food Quality Management System for

CIRADCIRADNadine ZAKHIA-ROZISNadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS

Gérard CHUZEL

A New Challenge for Cereal A New Challenge for Cereal Production and Processing Production and Processing

Chains:Chains:

Development of a Food Development of a Food Quality Management SystemQuality Management System

for the Control of Mycotoxinsfor the Control of Mycotoxins


Gérard CHUZEL

Public Health IssuesPublic Health Issues Impact of mycotoxins on human and animal health

(carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, immunosuppressive,…)

High level of use of cereals in both food and feed

Economic ImpactEconomic Impact High Postharvest Losses Reduced animal productivity Significant economic losses in both domestic &

international trade.

Global Socio-Economic Context (1)Global Socio-Economic Context (1)


Gérard CHUZEL

Evolution of Safety RegulationsEvolution of Safety Regulations

WTO agreement on sanitary and phytosanitary standards

Codex alimentarius: Joint FAO-WHO committee

EU regulations (inside Europe and for Exporting Countries)

Regional regulations (e.g. MERCOSUR)

Global Socio-Economic Context (2)Global Socio-Economic Context (2)


Gérard CHUZEL

Current Worldwide ImportanceCurrent Worldwide Importance

Aflatoxins (peanut, nuts, dried foods, soybean, ...)

Ochratoxin A (coffee, coca, cereals, ...)

Fumonisins (corn, sweet corn, ...)

Trichothecenes (cereals, …)

Zearalenone (corn, cereals, …)

Most considered mycotoxins Most considered mycotoxins


Gérard CHUZEL

LOCAL CONSUMPTION

REGIONAL TRADE

EXPORT MARKET

PRE-HARVEST

POST-HARVEST : DRYING-CLEANING-STORAGEMILLING

HUMANFOOD

BY-PRODUCTS

ANIMALFEEDING

DERIVED FOODSTUFFmeat, milk, eggs...

SOCIO ECONOMIC & TECHNICAL CONTEXTFarmers

SMEs &Cooperatives

SMEs &cooperatives

Traders

Multinational groups

Diagram of whole cereal chainDiagram of whole cereal chain


Gérard CHUZEL

Global Issues on Food Supply Chain Global Issues on Food Supply Chain

Food Supply Chain is Very Complex

Complex Commodity Flow Diagrams

Different Stakeholders

Importance of Socio-Economic, Cultural and Institutional Constraints

Notion of Quality Perception by the Chain Actors

Need for Adequate Social OrganisationNeed for Formal Relationships Between Chain Actors


Gérard CHUZEL

Global Issues on Mycotoxins (1)Global Issues on Mycotoxins (1)

Contamination by Molds and Mycotoxin Formation Possible

in Any Point of the Supply Chain

both in Production and Post Harvest Steps

Mold Growth and Synthesis of Toxins Dependent on

Agro climatic, Ecological and Physiological Conditions

Detoxication of Contaminated commodities Difficult and Sometimes Impossible

Need for Proper Pre and Post Harvest Processes, Adequate Equipment and Sound Handling Practices


Gérard CHUZEL

Global Issues on Mycotoxins (2)Global Issues on Mycotoxins (2)

Evaluation of contamination based on the analytical determination of mycotoxins

Conventional methods (HPLC, CMC, …) are expensive, need sophisticated equipment and trained analysts

Need for food safety management tools along the whole chain

Lack of accurate and inexpensive analytical techniques for in situ routine control

Lack of Good Practices (GAP, GMP, GSP, GHP,…)

Need for a HACCP based approach along the food chain


Gérard CHUZEL

Global ApproachGlobal Approach

Urgent need for a systematic/pro-active, cost effective approach, rather than, relying entirely on expensive, wasteful end-point testing/segregation

ThroughThrough

A Food Quality Management System taking into account the socio-economic context, the

organisational and technological capabilities of stakeholders


Gérard CHUZEL

LOCAL CONSUMPTION

REGIONAL TRADE

EXPORT MARKET

PRE-HARVEST

POST-HARVEST : DRYING-CLEANING-STORAGEMILLING

HUMANFOOD

BY-PRODUCTS

ANIMALFEEDING

DERIVED FOODSTUFFmeat, milk, eggs...

SOCIO ECONOMIC & TECHNICAL CONTEXTFarmers

SMEs &Cooperatives

SMEs &cooperatives

Traders

Multinational groups

CC

Ps

CC

Ps

CC

Ps

CC

Ps

CC

Ps

ANALYTICAL TOOLS, GOOD PRACTICES (Farming & Manufacturing), HACCP, TRACABILITY...

FOOD QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

… … towards innovative food safety management towards innovative food safety management


Gérard CHUZEL

Issues to be addressed…Issues to be addressed…

The development of novel accurate, simple and cost-effective analytical tools (sampling, sample preparation and analysis) for the determination of mycotoxins, mainly for routine on field assessment

The completion of data generation describing the risks associated with mycotoxins in raw materials and derived products

The mechanisms of mould growth and mycotoxin production under different agro-ecological conditions

The development of novel, validated proactive procedures (control measures, critical limits & monitoring methods) for the control of mycotoxins in a variety of crop production and processing chains.


Gérard CHUZEL

Development of a Food Quality Management System for the control of Mycotoxins in cereal production and

processing chain in Latin America South Cone Countries

PartnersPartners

Europe : France, UK, Sweden Southern Cone : Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay, Chile Complementary Partnership

– Universities– National Research Institutes– Regional Body as Interface between Those and All Chain Actors

Including Private Sector (PROCISUR)

MYCOTOX ProjectMYCOTOX Project


Gérard CHUZEL

PROCISUR(Consortium of Southern Cone

INIA’s)

Embrapa

Brazil

INIAUruguay

UBAArgentina

UnLuArgentina

LATUUruguay

UdeCChile

Southern Cone clients

CIRADFrance

NRIUnited

Kingdom

Scientific + technical audiences

INIAChile

INTAArgentin

a

MAABrazil M

onic

a O

lsen

, NF

A,

Sw

eden

, (e

xter

nal

ad

viso

r)

European Mycotoxin Cluster


Gérard CHUZEL

General objectiveGeneral objective

To improve the competitiveness of domestically and internationally traded cereals by controlling the occurrence of mycotoxins in maize and wheat products used as human food and animal feed

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives


Gérard CHUZEL

Specific objectives

1) Development and standardisation of effective analytical tools (sampling, sample preparation & analysis) for mycotoxin determination in cereals and by-products

2) Mycotoxin hazard analysis of the domestic and international maize and wheat production and processing chains

3) Development and validation of effective mycotoxin control measures at specified critical control points

4) Development of a Food Quality Management System for the control of mycotoxins in cereal production and processing chains

Project ObjectivesProject Objectives


Gérard CHUZEL

WP1 Development and Standardisation of Effective Analytical Tools for Mycotoxin Determination in Cereals and By-Products

WP2 Risk Assessment of Human Exposure to Ochratoxin A

WP3 Evaluation of Milling Procedures as Potential CCPs

Project Activities (1)Project Activities (1)


Gérard CHUZEL

Project Activities (2)Project Activities (2)

WP4

Hazard Analysis of Mycotoxins

WP5

Identification and Validation of of Mycotoxin Control Measures

WP6Development of a Food Quality Management System


Gérard CHUZEL

WP1Development and

standardisation of effectiveanalytical tools for

mycotoxin determination incereals and animal

products

WP2Risk assessment of humanexposure to ochratoxin A

WP3Evaluation of milling

procedures as potentialCCPs

WP5Identification and validation

of mycotoxin controlmeasures

WP6Development of a Food-

Quality ManagementSystem

WP4Hazard analysis of

mycotoxins

AT LABORATORY ON FIELD

Relations between the WorkPackagesRelations between the WorkPackages


Gérard CHUZEL

Project ManagementProject Management

Overall project managementOverall project management

CIRAD (Nadine Zakhia)

Steering CommitteeSteering Committee

Including an external scientific advisor (Monica Olsen)

Work Package teamWork Package team

Led by the respective work package leader


Gérard CHUZEL

Project Deliverables (1)Project Deliverables (1)

Standardised procedures for wheat and maize sampling during milling processes in the Southern Cone region

((D1, WP3, Month 6D1, WP3, Month 6))

A report documenting mycotoxin surveillance data, both from the literature and from surveillance studies conducted by this project (D2, WP4, Month 6)(D2, WP4, Month 6)

A report describing the hazard analyses conducted and justifying the commodity/mycotoxin combination selected for further study (D3, WP4, Month 8)(D3, WP4, Month 8)


Gérard CHUZEL

Standardised and validated analytical chromatographic methods applicable by all partner laboratories for mycotoxin determination in wheat and maize ((D4, WP1, Month 10D4, WP1, Month 10))

A standardised methodology for OTA determination in blood samples implemented in Latin America South Cone laboratories (D5, WP2, Month 12)(D5, WP2, Month 12)

A report documenting the verified commodity flow diagrams for each commodity/mycotoxin combination in each of the selected countries (D6, WP4, Month 12)(D6, WP4, Month 12)



Gérard CHUZEL

A risk characterization for OTA in Latin America South Cone countries (D7, WP2, Month 18)(D7, WP2, Month 18)

Identification of the impact of different milling processes on the distribution of mycotoxin contamination in the different cereal fractions ((D8, WP3, Month 18D8, WP3, Month 18))

A report describing the socio-economic studies conducted and the associated findings. These data will provide a thorough understanding of the stakeholders within the commodity system and will help identify the constraints and opportunities affecting the implementation of proposed mycotoxin control measures (D9, WP1, Month 20)(D9, WP1, Month 20)



Gérard CHUZEL


Implementation of the BCL technique (if successfully validated) in Latin America South Cone laboratories as a rapid tool for monitoring mycotoxin contamination throughout the whole maize and wheat chains (D10, WP1, Month 20)(D10, WP1, Month 20)

Validation of the NIRS technique as a rapid tool for quantitative or semi-quantitative monitoring of mycotoxin contamination throughout the whole maize and wheat chains ((D11, WP1, Month 20D11, WP1, Month 20))

Setting up of a network among all partner laboratories for operational exchanges in terms of analytical methods and tools (D12, WP1, Month 20)(D12, WP1, Month 20)


Gérard CHUZEL

A series of reports documenting studies to develop and evaluate control measures and studies to validate CCPs(D13, WP5, Month 24)(D13, WP5, Month 24)

Data describing at which steps in the CFD the mycotoxin hazard originates, or at which steps concentrations increase to unacceptable levels (D14, WP4, Month 24)(D14, WP4, Month 24)

HACCP plans for mycotoxin control in the specified commodity for each participating country (D15, WP6, Month 24)(D15, WP6, Month 24)



Gérard CHUZEL

A manual describing Good Agricultural Practices for the production of maize and wheat in the Southern Cone (D16, WP5, Month 30)(D16, WP5, Month 30)

Better knowledge of (DON) and fumonisin variability in wheat and maize in LA South Cone (D17, WP3, Month 30)(D17, WP3, Month 30)

Implementation of an efficient Food Quality Management System along the chain stakeholders to ensure high quality maize and wheat production regarding mycotoxin contamination (D18, WP6, Month 30)(D18, WP6, Month 30)

Training and extension materials including posters, pamphlets, videos and radio and TV broadcasts and internet web pages, as appropriate (D19, WP6, Month 36)(D19, WP6, Month 36)



Gérard CHUZEL

General MeetingWP RegionalMeeting 3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36

WP1Inter laboratory studiesBCL adaptationCollaborative study( BCL & Toximet)Collaborative study NIRSValidation of analytical tools

WP2Methodology adaptation and implementationOTA determination in bloodOccurrence and intake

WP3Sampling proceduresDON determinationFumonisin determinationDON contamination variabilityFumonisin contamination variability

WP4Mycotoxin Hazard AnalysisCommodity Flow DiagramPotential CCPs

WP5Socio-economical studiesIdentification of control measuresValidation of CCPsGAP Manual

WP6Monitoring proceduresHACCP PlanFood Quality Management SystemTraining & extension

Project TimetableProject Timetable


Gérard CHUZEL

Dissemination of Project OutputsDissemination of Project Outputs

To the Scientific Community Peer-Reviewed Papers, Workshops and Seminars

To the Chain Actors and Professional Organisations Large Dissemination Papers (GAP, GMP, …) Training Participatory Workshops

To the Traders and Regulatory Bodies Sectorial Papers Focused Workshops (e.g.Rapid On-Field Analytical Techniques)

External Strategy Participation in European and International Networks and Clusters

on Mycotoxins


Gérard CHUZEL

ProspectsProspects

Adaptation and Validation of the Adaptation and Validation of the Developed MethodsDeveloped Methods

to Other Contexts

to Other Commodity Chains

• Identification of new partnerships (EU, Identification of new partnerships (EU, Mercosur)Mercosur)

Topics, Partners, Elaboration of Project Proposals, etc

Documents

CIRAD Nadine ZAKHIA-ROZIS Gérard CHUZEL A New Challenge for Cereal Production and Processing Chains: Development of a Food Quality Management System for