CIA Intelligence Memorandum, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution (18 October 1965)

7/23/2019 CIA Intelligence Memorandum, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution (18 October 1965)

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No. 2333/65

CEJ Tf RAL I NTELLI GENCE AGENCTDi r ect or at e of I nt el ! i gence

I S Oct ober 1965

INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM

The Fal l of Cho Guevar a and t he Changi ng Paceor t he Cuban Revol ut i on

S u p g a r , 7

1. yi del Cast r o' s wi l l i ngness t o dr op Er aaat o"Che" Guevar a conf l r ns t he shi f t i n Cuban pol i ci est hat has been under way f or about t be past year .Guer ar a' s f al l f r om power appar ent l y r asul t ed f r onhi s per si stent opposi t i on t o t he pr act i cal pol i c i esr ecommended by t he Sovi et Uni on. Hi s vi ews on Cuba’seconomi c devel opment and f or ei gn pol i cy— r ef l ect i nghi s gener al opposi t i on t o Sovi et advi ce— bot h seem

t o have pl ayed a r ol e.

2. Guevara, who bas been consi der ed Cuba' smost ai l i t ant r evol ut i onar y spokpsuaac, di sappr ovedof Cast r o' s al i gnment wi t h t he USSR i n t he Si ce-Sovi et di sput e and of hi s wi l l i ngness t o di nl ni shCuM' s r ol e as a cat al yst and suppor t er of r evol ut i ons l a Lat i n Amer i ca and Af r i ca. Thi s si de of t becont r oversy has be-en aapl y t r eat ed el sevrhcre. Thi spaper concent r at es cor e on tbe di sput e between t het wo r-en over economi c pol i cy.

3. Vhi l e he was i n f avor wi t h Fi del Cast r o,Che Guevar a was one of t he most i mpor t ant ar chi t ect sof t be Cuban economy. He r et ai ned t hi s r ol e f or scaet i ne, even af t er hi s i ndust r i al i sat i on pl an had beenpr oven wr ong and some of hi s ot her pol i ci es wer ebei ne chal l enged. Not unt i l J ul y 1964, when Pr esi dent Dor t i cos became t he Mi ni st er of . Economy and t heDi r ect or of t he St ate Pl anni ng Boar d ( J UCS(U*AN) , di dGuevar a' s posi t i on r eal l y begi n t o weaken. Si nce



t hat t i ne Fi del Cast r o has dedi cat ed most of bi sener gi es t o Cuban i nt er nal nat t er s, and t o f i ndi ngr emedi es f or t he di sast r ous ef f ect s of t he regi me' s

ear l 7 pol i ci es— l ar gol y t hose engi neered by Guevar a.I ndust r i al i zat i on—Guevar a‘s Gr eat est Fai l ur e

4. Fr om t he out set Guevara bad encour aged t ber api d nat i onal i zat i on and cent r al i zat i on of t beeconomy, and by t be spr i ng of 1961 t be Cuban economywas al most ent i r el y st at e owned. Al t hough he wasnot a t r ai ned oconcai st , Guevar a convi nced Cast r o,agai nst t he obj ect i ons of Car l os Raf ael Rodr i guezand ot her s, t hat accel er at ed i ndust r i al i zat i on wat»necessar y. Ho asai nt ai ned t bat a di ver si f i cat i on of

agr i cul t ur al pr oduct i on and i ncr eased i nvest ment i ni ndust r y was r equi r ed t o cad dependence on sugar andCuba' s "economi c ensl avement " by t he US. By t het i eC Guevar a and Cast r o admi t t ed, i n l at e 1963, t hatt be i ndust r i al i sat i on pl an must be scal ed down t or eassi gn r esour ces t o sugar pr oduct i on, Guevar a' spol i ci es had br ough t he econcey- t o i t s l owest poi ntsi nce Cast r o case t o power .

Guevar a' s Di sput e wi t h t be Nat i onal Bank

5. Because of t he f ai l ur es of t he economy

Cast r o was payi ng i ncr eased at t ent i on t o ot her advi sers by t he end of 1963. l o Febr uar y 1964 someof t be st r ai ns and t ensi ons wi t hi n t he r egi ae caaei nt o t he open, . torsol o Fer nandez Font , t he Pr esi dent of t he Xat i onal Bank, publ i shed an ar t i cl e i nt he i deol ogi cal J our nal Cuba Soci al i st a on tbft hi st or y and f unct i ons of a ‘’soci al i st " baok. I n t henext i ssue of t he same j our nal Guevar a react edangr i l y. Be char ged t bat Fer nandez st i l l t houghti n t er ns of ’' cl assi cal oconoMi cs" and even "vul gareconomi cs" ? t b*t be sought t o make t he Bank i nst eadof t he Fi nance Mi ni st r y tbe cent er of t he Cuban

economy; aod that be want ed t o cont r ol i nvest ment?nd or edi t s t hr ough t he Nat i onal Bank.

6. I n t he Hay i ssue of Cuba Soci al i st * Fer nandezmeekl y t r i ed t o def end hi msel f wi t hout t aki ng i ssuewi t h Guevar a or even ment i oni ng hi s aane. Fer nandezsai d t bat soci al i st pl anni ng coul d t ake a monet ar yf or m wi t h t be bank necessar i l y pl ayi ng a pr oni neotr ol e. A f our t h ar t i cl e, b7 Lui s Al var ez Roo, J ttoi ster



<M B M

Of Fi nance and a cl ose Guevar a associ at e, appear edi n t he J ul y I ssue and at t acked Fer nandez* posi t i on.By. t he t i me t hat i ssue appear ed, Fer nandez bad beenr emoved f r om t be Kat i onal Bank and gi ven t be posi t i on

of Ki ni st er of For ei gn Tr ade, Ho was r epl aced bySal vador Vi l asj eca For ce— anot her cl ose Guevar a associ at e. Banki ng and f i nance wer e bot h i n t ba handsof Guevara f ol l ower s.

T. Guevara' s out l ook, whi ch appr oxi mat edpr esent - day Chi nese— r at her t han Sovi et - - econoai cpr act i ce, was behi nd t he cont r ovcroy. A ser i e« ofar t i cl es i n f i ucatra I ndust r i e, the of f i ci al or gan ofGuevar a' s Mi ni st r y or i ndust r i es, spoi l ed out hi sopposi t i on t o t he Sovi et pr oposal s f or onccur agi nggr eat er f i nanci al r espoasi bi l i t y and i ndependence l a

ent er pr i ses. Guevar a obj ect ed t o Sovi et t endenci est o pl ace i ndi vi dual pl ant s on n sel f - suppor t i ngbasi s.

S. Thus Guevar a' s war on t be r ol e ' envi si onedf or t be Cuban Nat i onal Bank by Fer nandez was onl ypar t of a ouch l ar ger war agai nst decent r al i zat i on,r el at i ve aut onomy, f i nanci al f l exi bi l i t y, and gr eat ermat er i al i ncent i ves. Guevar a’s publ i cat i on expl i ci t l yexpr essed di sagr eement wi t h " t he emphasi s gi ven t omat er i al I nt er est " by t he Sovi et econcoi st 7. G.Mt ocr aan, whoa i t char ged wi t h advocat i ng change i n

t he "t tethods of col l ect i ve i ncent i ve, abandoni ngt he ol d f or mul a or r ewar d based on t he f ul f i l l mentof pl ans i n or der t o aovc t o ai orc advanced pl ans. " The a«rrr Sovi et economi c t r eads wer e seen by Guevar aas h t hr eat t o t he mor al i ncent i ve as t he "pr edomi nantf ora" i n Cuba’s const r uct i on of soci al i sm.

Guevar a' s Pol cal c Over Cent r al i sat i on

S. One of Guevar a' s most power f ul econoai c opponent s was Pr of essor Char l es Bet t el hei a, a Frencheconomi st of Comuai s t per suasi on. Bet t el hei a had

nade sever al t r i ps t o Cuba at Cast r o' s r equest andhad hel ped convi nce hi s i n t be l at t er par t of 1963t hat t be ecoaoay shoul d be based oa agr i cul t ur e f ort he next decade. He al so war ned agai nst cent r al i zat i on. Because of hi s advi ce Cast r o nade pr el i mi nar yi nvest i gat i ons i nt o t be decent r al i zat i on of aut hor i t yand i n 196S began <j xper l »ent s i n l ocal aut onc®y i nt«M> t owns. But despi t e t hese expcr i r &ant s, and despi t e

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t he decl ar at i on of a si x- year sugar pl an, Bet t el hoi n■was outwei gh**! by Guevar a— st i l l t he st r ongest voi ceon Cuban <3Coq0r 1c af f ai r s.

10, I n t or ch 3$f34 Guevar a decl ar ed t hat ' ' i t l̂ ssupr eael y I mpor t ant f or us t o daf end ener get i cal l y onal l f r ont s t be pr i nci pl e of cent r al or gani sat i on oft be economy. " For Guevar a, ’’cent r al i zat i on" wae apr i nci pl e f r oa whi ch t bo Cubans coul d not depar t wi t hout sacri f i ci ng i deol ogi cal pur i t y. For Bot t el hei a,however , cent r al i zat i on wac a aeans t o be pr udent l yeopl oyed onl y as i t was necessar y f or pl anni ng. I n •an ar t i cl e i n Cuba Soci al i st * i n Apr i l , Bett el hei assuggest ed that a "’' cer t ai n l i ber t y of l ocal I nt er - .change" as wel l as " i ndi vi dual pr oduct i on" woul d he

J ust as benef i ci al I n Cuba as i n t he Sovi et Cni on.He t r i ed t o t el l Cubanc t hat t hey had- nat i onal i zedt oo auch and t oo f ast — a 3l ap at Guevar a.

11, A uont b l at er Guevar a accused Bet t el hel uof maki ng a "nochani caX anal ysi s, " but was concer nedmost l y wi t h t he suggest i on t hat . i t ni ght be mor epr of i t abl e to nat i onal i ze onl y l ar ge i ndustr i al uni t s,and l eave smal l ent er pr i ses i n pr i vat e hands- Muchof t be argument cent ered on t he emprecao consol i dadas( consol i dat ed ent er pr i ses) , t he Cuban" bodi es ucdert he Mi ni st r y of I ndust r i es whi ch cont r ol U<d a gr oupi ng of si mi l ar but ot her wi se i ndependent uni t s.Bet t el hei n sai d t hat t hi s of t on eeunt ar t i f i ci al andi nef f i ci ent col l ect i vi zat i on— as i n t he case ofgarages. But Guevara r epl i ed t bat ' "to say an enpr esaconsol i dada i s an abor r at i on i s t o say t hat t he Cubanr evol ut i on i s an aber r at i on. " Guevar a ar gued ul t i mat el y t hat admi ni st r at i on r eal l y nat t er ed l t ss t hant ha pr i nc i pl e o1 col l ect i vi t y, and hi s ar gument spr evai l ed over t hose of Bet t el hei a- .

Por t i cos Chal l enges Guevar a

12, I n J ul y 19$<s t wo I mpor t ant cabi not appoi nt ment s si gnal l ed t he power st r uggl e over i nt er nal ecc-noai c pol i cy whi ch cul mi nat ed i n Guevar a' s el i mi nat i on.Pr esi dent Dor t i cos was appoi nt ed t o t wo maj or post s i nan at t enpt t o i mpr ove t he management of t he badl y di s organi zed economy, Whi l e t hi s »ove was appar ent l yai aed at t aki ng a por t i on of t he admi ni st r at i on of eco-noai c af f ai r s f r om t he bands of Guevar a, Che di d never t hel ess regi st er a success of hi s own. I n t be sane

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wor t h hi s cl osest pr ot ege, Or l ando Bor r ego, wasoaaed t o t be new post of Mi ni st er of t he Sugar I ndust r y.

13. I t seeas, however , t hat t he appoi nt senfof Dor t i cos was t he t ur ni ng poi nt f or t be econoai cpol i ci es and f or t unes of Guevar a. Dor t i cos b$gaet o assvnc over al l di r ect i on of t ho eccaony and i twas r umored t hat t be Nat i onal Bank and t be Fi nanceMi ni st r y ( bot h headed by Guevar a f ol l owers) woul dbo serged wi t h t he Mi ni st r y of Sconcnv and J UC2PLAJ ?.

Tho nor gor never t ook pl ace, pr obabl y because t heopposi ng si des becaae f i xed and tbe gr owi ng t ensi ons t hr eat ened t o br eak i nt o t he open.

1*1. Even so, Dor t i cos won an i mpor t ant vi c

t or y when one of Guevar a' s cent r al poi nt s wasqui et l y suppr essed. Ref er r i ng t o t he consol i dat edent er pr i ses, Cast r o sai d i n August t hat t hey "soae-t i aes become bor i ng, t edi ous, i nt ol er abl e. I twoul d be bet t er t o have a garage t hat wor ks wel l andgi ves peopl e good ser vi ce. That i s oucb aor e i mpor t ant than, t o go around put t i ng up a huge si gnt o adver t i se t hat t hi s pl ace bel ongs t o an cmpr esaeoosol l dada. i Tho knows how ouch pai nt has beenvast ed put t i ng Up naaes of empresas concol i dadaa?1'Seeso ot tprcsas coosol i dadas were di snandcd l ate i nt he year , ana Cast r o agai n r i di cul ed t hen as a'4nani a‘r i n J anuary 19(55.

Guevar a' s Vi ews, on Forei gn Pol i cy

15. An adnl r er of Chi nese f or ei gn pol i cy,Guevar a per si st ent l y had agi t at ed f or expor t of t heCuban r evol ut i on t o t he r est of Lat i n Aaer i ca andeven t o Af r i ca. Hi s aanual on guer r i l l a war f ar ehas been wi del y ci r cul at ed i n Lat i n Amer i ca and hewas a pr omi nent f i gur e i n pl anni ng i nvasi ons agai nstat l east f i ve Car i bbean st at es i n 1959. Guevara hasbeen j ust l y descr i bed as a r ovi ng i ncendi ar y and-r evol ut i onar y. An Ar gent i no, ho r epor t edl y assi st edt be pr 0“C0«n>uai st Ar benz r cei m© i n Guat emal a bof oroi t was over t hr own i a 1954. Lat er he t r avel ed t oMexi co wher e he met Fi del Cast r o i n 1956.

I S. Guevar a never waver ed f r om hi s f i r a r evol ut i onary st and, even as ot her Cuban l eader s begant o devot e nost of t hei r at t ent i on t o t he i nt er nal

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pr obl eas of t be r evol ut i on. Mor eover , Cast r o' s ext ensi ve popul ar i t y i n Lat i n Aner i ca decr eased shar pl yonce be comul t t ed the reti cl e t o r api d soci al i zat i on.Hi s cal l f or Cenauni st r evol ut i ons, af t er bi s espousal of Harxi sn i o Deceaber 1961, had not beon’r ecei ved wi t h t he ent husi asm of hi s ear l i er r evol ut i onary i ncant at i ons. I ndeed, var i ous Lat i n Amer i can par t i es appar ent l y opposed Cuba’s assi st ance t o Peki ng-or i ent ed r evol ut i onar y gr oups. Even so, Guevar a cont i nued t o pr ess f or Cuban ai d t o Lat i n Amer i canr evol ut i onar i es. Hi s pol i ci es gener al l y pr evai l ed.

17. About ai d- 1964, however, t be r egi me begant o accel er at e t he pr ocess of i nst i t ut i onal i zat i on—at t endi ng t o I nt er nal econoai c pr obl ems and par t yor gani zat i on. Revol ut i onar y f er vor was t onper edand Cuba begac t o f ol l ow Sovi et advi ce atore cl osel y.- Rel at i ons wi t h Chi na deter i or at ed dur i ng 1964, aswi t nessed by a 50 percent dr op- of f 1b ai r t ravelbet ween t he t wo count r i es. Rel at i ons became f ur t herst r ai ned by November when Cuba t ook a pr o- Sovi etpost ur e at t he Havana Conf er ence of Lat i n Amer i canCozauni st Par t i es. The pr esence of Raul Cast r o att he bead of a hi gh- l evel Cuban del egat i on t o t heconsul t at i ve conf er ence of Coaauni st Par t i es i n Moscow i n Mar ch 1965 conf i r med f or t he Chi nese Havana' snew " r evi si oni st " post ur e. ' Guevar a, however , appar ent l y st i l l st r ongl y opposed aodcr at i oo i n Cubanf or ei gn pol i cy.

The Abr ogat i on of Guevar a' s Pol i ci es

18. I n ear l y Dsccmber 1964 Guevara had depar t edoo a t hr ee- mont h t r i p t o t he Uni t ed Nat i ons, Af r i ca,and Peki ng. Keanwhi l e, Cast r o had l ost f ai t h i nGuevar a' s t heor i es and aay have al r eady deci dedagai nst hi s ’’dogmat i st “ vi ews i n f avor of t he " revi si oni st " economi c school headed b7 Pr esi dent Dor t i cosand Car l os Raf ael Rodr i guez. ' A cl ear i ndi cat i on oft hi s cone on 21 J anuar y 1965 when Cast r o announced

t bat t tater l al i ncent i ves woul d be enphasi zed. Besai d t hat t he 5, 000 best cane cut t er s of t he 1965 har vest woul d r ecei ve r ewar ds aucb as act Or cycl es, t r i psabr oad, and expensi ve vacat i ons at Cuban r esor t s.

19. I t t ook Guevar a onl y a shor t t i r e t o r espondpubl i cl y, f i hi l e i n Al gi er s be wr ot e a l et t er t o t heUr uguayan l ef t i st weekl y Mar cha. l a i t he decl ared



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t hat " t be cor r ect I nst r ument f or t he awakeni ng ot t be Ki sses nust be f undament al l y of a nor al nat ur e. "I n Cai r o t be f ol l owi ng eont h Guevar a agai n cr i t i ci zed Cuban econcoi c pol i ci es. I ncor r ect l y, becal l ed t he® copi es of t he model of econcral c devel opment Moscow had I mposed on t he count r i es of East ernEur ope when " no one had tbe gut s t o obj ect . 1'

20. An I nt er vi ew publ i shed i n t he Egypt i anper i odi cal Ai Tal i ah i n Apr i l was t he l ast cncca-pa. ssl . ng publ i c" def i ni t i on of Guevar a’s pol i ci es.I n i t he vebenent l y at t aek«d t be econoai c r ef or nsadopt ed i n Yugosl avi a as wel l as " t ho Li beroan exper i ment 1' i n t ho OSSR. l a cr i t i ci zi ng Yugosl avi a,Guevar a condemned i t s r eact i on agai nst St al i ni smand i t s r esor t t o t be use of mat er i al i ncent i ves.

The t wo pr i mar y i ssuos l ie si ngl ed out bad di r ect appl i cat i on t o t he Cuban si t uat i on. One *as wor ker s’par t i ci pat i on i n management , whi ch be sai d Cubanwor ker s want ed i n or der t o gai n ext r a benef i t s. Tbi c,be sai d, const i t ut ed "soci al oppr essi on" and a ki ndof expl oi t at i on. The second i ssue, t hat of wor ker s1pr of i t shar i ng, was one be knew had been appr oved i nCuba bef or e be l ef t . The of f i ci al l abor or gan

Tr abaj o i n December 1964 had announced a prof i t -shar i ng scheme cal l ed tho Cont r act Sage Pi l ot Pl an.Guevar a nust have been par t i cul ar l y i r ked when

Tr abaj o chose t o I dent i f y t he wor ker ' s compensat i on

as "t bo pr i ze. " Hi s st at ement i n Al Tal i ah wast her ef ore anot her shar p cr i t i ci sn of t he <5i banl eader shi p and "l i ber al " economi c pol i ci es.

21. Guevara r et urned t o Havana on 13 t orchand was gr eet ed by both Cast r o and J Dortxcos. Rewas r epor t ed by t be Havana pr ess t o have txade anappear ance on 20 Kar eh, but be t hen sl i pped out ofsi ght . One of t he f i r st moves agai nst hi s powercl i que caae i n mi d- J une when Nat i onal Bank Pr esi dentSal vador Vi l aseca was r eaoved iron hi s post and i nst al l ed as r ect or of Havana Uni ver si t y,

22. Cast r o' s 26 J ul y speech dr amat i zed t heshi f t away f r oa Guevar a’ s vi e*g. Cast r o spoke atl engt h about t he seed f or a r egul ar syst em of l ocalaut hor i t y. Earl i er, i n t be f ace of conf l i ct i ng"conser vat i ve" and " l i ber al ” vi ews r epr esent ed byGuevar a and Bet t el hei n, Cast r o had suppor t ed Guevar ai n pr event i ng t he J UCEl ( l ocal coor di nat i ng boar ds)

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•f roa exer ci si ng any r ai l aut hor i t y. Now, however , ber ever sed hi s st and. He cal l ed tor t he decent r al i zat i onof l ocal admi ni st r at i on, and announced t hat extensi ver ef onos woul d begi n to or gani ze a compl et el y new adai ni s-

t r at i ve appar at us. Cast r o heat edl y denounced t be*ol dcent r al i zed syst em and gr aphi cal l y descr i bed t be pr obl em. He sai d t hat when a dog Bade n mess i n t be st r eetof some pr ovi nci al t own, t he cent r al aut hor i t i es badt o be cal l ed t o r emove i t . On 28 Sept ember Cast r oagai n nade i t per f ect l y cl ear t bat Guevar a' s vi ews w«*roi n di sf avor when he sai d: "Let me go on r ecor d t hat Iaa a def ender of l ocal devel opeseot and admi ni st r at i on. "Anot her of Guevar a*6 eber t sbed t heor i es bad been abandoned .

Cuba wi t hout Guevara

23. Wi t h t he announcement of t he Cent r al Commi t t eeof t bo Conauni st Par t y on 1 Oct ober , I t -was cl ear t hatGuevar a, bi s f ol l ower s and hi s pol i ci es wer e out off avor . The onl y t hr ee mi ni st er s excl uded f r ca tbecent r al ccuai t t ee wer e Lai s Al var ez Ron ( t be Fi nanceMi ni st er who had si ded wi t h Guevara i n t he Nat i onalBank di sput e) , Or l ando Bor r ego ( Guevar r a' s cl osest-pr ot ege) , and Ar t ur o Guzaan ( t he Act i ng Mi ni st er ofI ndust r i es) . Sal vador Vl l asvca For ae ( t he f oraorNat i onal Saak Pr esi dent ) was al so excl uded. These f ourwer e t he onl y hi gh- l evel Cubans not i ncl uded i n t he

Cent r al Coxni t t ee— and wer e al so t he onl y ones who badbeen i nt l nat el y i nvol ved wi t h Guevar a’s econoai c pol i ci es. yor eover , t he par t y' s now f i ve- «ao Economi cCot aai t t ee was headed by Pr esi dent I J or t l cos and st af f edwi t h adher ent s of " l i ber al ” econoni c vi ews.

2 4 ta a speech on 2 Oct ober , Cast r o r ead wbatbe sai d was a l et t er f r on Guevar a. Tbe osai o I dea i tcont ai ned vas t bat Che f el t bi s r evol ut i onar y t al ent snow coul d be bet t er used el sewhere. I t sai d at onepoi nt , "I ' vCho) can do what i s deni ed you ( Fi del ) byyour r esponsi bi l i t y as head of Cuba. " Thus t her e i s oo

doubt t hat Cast r o' s more caut i ous posi t i on on expor t i ng r evol ut i on, as wel l a3 bi s di f f er ent economi c appr oach, l ed t o Che' s downf al l . Cast r o r ecent l y sai dt hat t be Cuban r evol ut i on oust f i nd sol ut i ons accor di ng t o i t s own "spi r i t and pecul i ar i t i es. " But f rconow on Cuba wal l pr obabl y pat t ern bot h i t s domest i cand f or ei gn pol i ci es wor e i n accor d wi t h Sovi et advi ce.



25. Wi t h t hi s r eal i gnment , al r eady st r ai ned re-l at i oos wi t h Chi na wi l l pr obabl y det er i or at e f ur t her .Last Novoober at a mc-f tt i nC ot Lat i n Aaer i can Coacu-ni st Par t y del egat es i n Havana, Cuba agr eed t o suppor t

t he or t hodox par t i es r at her t han Peki ng- or i ent ed **oi l l t ant gr oups. Rel at i ons wi t h Chi na det er i or at ed al most i maedi at el y af t er t he Havana conf er ence. Guevar avi si t ed Peki ng l o Febr uar y appar ont l y i n an at t opt t oexpl ai n t be Cuban posi t i on, onl y t o be shar pl y rebukedby t he Chi nese, Al t er r esumi ng hi s Af r i can t r i p becont i nued t o vent bi s "dognat i c" vi ews, whi ch gener al l yr ef l ect ed Chi aeso posi t i ons.

26. I n any case Chi na now has cl ear J ust i f i cat i onf or at t acki ng Cuba as a " r evi si oni st '* r egi me— a char gei t has never publ i cl y made. Wi t h t he f al l of Guevar a

and t he gener al accept ance of Sovi et advi ce i n domest i c and f or ei gn pol i ci es, t he Cuban r evol ut i on ha3ent er ed a now phase. The shi f t i n Cuban f or ei gn pol i cywhi ch baa been en t r ai n Si nce 1964 now i s eonf i r nedwi t b Guevar a' s f al l .

Documents

CIA Intelligence Memorandum, The Fall of Che Guevara and the Changing Face of the Cuban Revolution (18 October 1965)