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Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing for Rapidly Identifying Patients’ Rehabilitative Care Needs Chun Wang Department of Psychology 1 Chun Wang Department of Psychology

Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

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Page 1: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional Computerized Adaptive Testing for Rapidly Identifying Patients’ 

Rehabilitative Care Needs

Chun WangDepartment of Psychology

1

Chun WangDepartment of Psychology

Page 2: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Outline

• Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT)

• Multidimensional CAT• “Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based Rehabilitation”      (NIH R01HD079439, 2015‐2020) – Item bank calibration– Item selection– Stopping rules

• Ongoing projects

2

Page 3: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

CAT: basic ideas and advantages

• Adaptive Testing – Binet‐Simon Intelligence Test

• “Computerized Adaptive Testing” (Weiss, 1970s)

• Advantages of CAT– More accurate estimate of the latent traits – Shorter tests – Immediate scoring – Enhanced test security– New item types

3

Page 4: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

CAT illustration(Created by ETS 2013, all rights reserved)

4

Page 5: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Early CAT vs. New advancement

• Unidimensional vs. Multidimensional latent traits—Issue of dimensionality in IRT

• Is pain a “unidimensional” construct?

5

Page 6: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

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Page 7: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional CAT

• Increased measurement efficiency (Segall, 1996)

7

LifeLife

ChemistryChemistryPhysicsPhysics

Science

Page 8: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

CAT: FlowchartAdminister the first item

Estimate

Converged? Or Max. iterations

Select and administer the next item based on

Y

N

Stop YYY

8

, , …,

Page 9: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

CAT: FlowchartAdminister the first item

Estimate

Converged? Or Max. iterations

Select and administer the next item based on

Y

N

Stop YYY

Intermediate ability estimation

Item selection algorithm

9

Stopping criterion

Calibration of item pool

Page 10: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Outline

• Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT)

• Multidimensional CAT• “Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based Rehabilitation”      (NIH R01HD079439, 2015‐2020, PI: Dr. Andrea, Y., Cheville) – Item bank calibration– Item selection– Stopping rules

• Ongoing projects

10

Page 11: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

An example: “Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based Rehabilitation ”

Activity measurePost‐Acute Care (AM‐PAC)

Basic Mobility

Applied Cognition

Daily Activity

Page 12: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Study I

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Page 13: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional IRT Model(Adams, Wilson, & Wang, 1997; Reckase, 2008; Wang & Nydick, 2015)

13

Page 14: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional IRT Model(Adams, Wilson, & Wang, 1997; Reckase, 2008; Wang & Nydick, 2015)

• Correlated‐factor simple‐structure 

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Page 15: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional IRT Model(Adams, Wilson, & Wang, 1997; Reckase, 2008; Wang & Nydick, 2015)

• Correlated‐factor simple‐structure 

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, 0), 0), 0), 0), 0)

0,0,0,0,0, ,

Page 16: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

An Example Item

• How much DIFFICULTY do you currently have reading a long book (over 100 pages) over a number of days?– Unable (0)– A lot (1)– A little (2)– None (3)

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Page 17: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Multidimensional IRT Model(Adams, Wilson, & Wang, 1997; Reckase, 2008; Wang & Nydick, 2015)

• Polytomous responses– Multidimensional graded response model (Samejima, 1969, Jiang, 

Wang, et al., 2015)

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( )*

'11

kk bP Pe

x k a

* *1k k kP x k P P

a is the discrimination parameter’s (boundary parameter) are ordered from smallest to largest

For x=0,…,K,   ∗ 1,  ∗

Boundary response function

Page 18: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Illustration of the GRMmodel

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( )* 1

1 ka bkP Pe

x k

Page 19: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Illustration of the GRMmodel

– Unable (0)– A lot (1)– A little (2)– None (3)

19

Responding “a lot” and above

( )* 1

1 ka bkP Pe

x k

Page 20: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Illustration of the GRMmodel

20

Responding “None” and above.

– Unable (0)– A lot (1)– A little (2)– None (3)

( )* 1

1 ka bkP Pe

x k

Page 21: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

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Responding “None” and above.

* *1k k kP x k P P

Boundary response curve Category response curve

Responding “unable”

“None”

( )* 1

1 ka bkP Pe

x k

Page 22: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Category response curve 

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Unable (0)A lot (1)A little (2)None (3)

Applied Cognition 

Prob

ability of cho

osing op

tion k

Page 23: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Category response curve 

23

Unable (0)A lot (1)A little (2)None (3)

Applied Cognition 

Prob

ability of cho

osing op

tion k

Page 24: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Category response curve 

24

Unable (0)A lot (1)A little (2)None (3)

Applied Cognition 

Prob

ability of cho

osing op

tion k

Page 25: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item bank structure

Activity measurePost‐Acute Care (AM‐PAC)

Basic Mobility

Applied Cognition

Daily Activity

• Three dimensional• Polytomous (Likert scale) responses• Simple structure

Page 26: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item bank

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• 324 Items in total• 3 domains: Applied cognition (109), Daily activity (106), 

Mobility (111)• Minimum sample size requirement: Jiang, Wang, & Weiss 

(2016)

• Item selection?

Page 27: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item information

• Fisher information (Fisher, 1925)

• Observed (category) information

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11 0

11 1

, , ,

2

2

log ( )( ) X

L XI E

exp

2

2

log ( )( )

L XO

Page 28: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item observed information

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Response=0

Page 29: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item observed information

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Response=0Response=1

Page 30: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item observed information

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Response=0Response=1Response=2

Page 31: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item observed information

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Response=0Response=1Response=2Response=3

Page 32: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item observed information

32

‐2.78 ‐0.63

Response=0Response=1Response=2Response=3

Page 33: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item Fisher information

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Item Fisher information

Page 34: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

How much DIFFICULTY do you currently have walking on an uneven surface (e.g., grass, dirt road or sidewalk, brick walkways, sidewalks with curb and driveway?) (Mobility)

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Page 35: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

• How much DIFFICULTY do you currently have applying spreads to bread using a knife? (Daily activity)

35

Page 36: Chun Department of Psychology · •Brief introduction to computerized adaptive testing (CAT) •Multidimensional CAT •“Computerized Adaptive Testing to Direct Delivery of Hospital‐Based

Item information for different items

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