Chronology

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1740 C. P. E. Bach (1714-88) moves to Berlin in Frederick the Great's service. The Twelve Grand Concertos op. 6 of George Frideric Handel (1685-1759) published. Matthias Georg Monn ( 1717 -50) writes the first four-movement symphony. A Musical Dictionary by James Grassineau (d 1767) published, the first work of its kind.

1741 Goldberg Variations by Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) published (1741-2). Deidamia, Handel's last opera, given in London. Artaserse, the first opera of Christoph Willibald Gluck (1714-87), given in Milan. The Madrigal Society founded in London by John Immyns (d 1784). Antonio Vivaldi (63) dies, Vienna; Johann Joseph Fux (80) dies, Vienna.

1742 Messiah by Handel given, in Dublin. The first keyboard sonatas of Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach published. The Berlin Opera opened by Frederick the Great with Caesar und Cleopatra by Carl Heinrich Graun (c1703-1759). Mannheim opera house opens with Meride by Carlo Pietro Grua (c1700-1773). Rane1agh Pleasure Gardens open.

1743 Handel's Samson performed, London.

1744 Handel's Semele performed, London.

1745 Platie by Jean•Philippe Rameau (1681-1764) given at Versailles. Johann Stamitz (1717-57) becomes Konzertmeister at the Mannheim court.

1746 Gluck visits London, where his La caduta de'giganti is given. Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (1710-84) appointed organist at the Liebfrauenkirche, Halle.

1747 Handel's judas Maccabaeus performed, London. Bach visits Frederick the Great's court at Potsdam; his Musical Offering published.

1748 Bach's B minor Mass assembled

384

( 174 7 -9). The Holywell Music Room, Oxford, opened (the first room built specifically for music).

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1740 War of Austrian Succession: Prussia, France and Bavaria against Austria and England (-1748). Death of Frederick William I of Prussia; succeeded by his son Frederick II ('the Great'). Death of Emperor Charles VI of Austria; succeeded by his daughter Maria Theresa. Death of Empress Anna of Russia; succeeded by her great-nephew Ivan VI,.an infant of three months. Death of Pope Clement XII; succeeded by Benedict XIV.

1741 Empress Elizabeth usurps the Russian throne.

1742 Charles VII of Bavaria elected Holy Roman Emperor. Prague occupied by Bavarian and French troops.

1743 Maria Theresa crowned Queen of Bohemia. George II is the last European monarch to ride into battle at the head of his troops, at Dettingen. Mme de Pompadour becomes Louis XV's mistress and for over 20 years influences French politics and diplomacy.

1744 Frederick the Great invades Saxony.

1745 Death of Charles VII of Bavaria; succeeded by Maximilian Joseph. Maria Theresa's husband, Francis Stephen of Lorraine, elected Holy Roman Emperor. Second Jacobite Rebellion (-1746). Prince Charles Edward Stuart attempts to gain the English throne but is defeated at Culloden (1746).

1746 Death of Philip V of Spain; succeeded by Ferdinand VI. Death of Christian VI of Denmark-Norway; succeeded by Frederick V.

1748 Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle ends the War of Austrian Succession, with Austria having lost Silesia to Prussia.

Chronology, 1740-48

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

17 40 Completion of A 1740 Dijon Academy of 1740 Palace ofDos Aquas, Treatise on Human Nature by Science founded. The Valencia, remodelled David Hume (1711-76). circumnavigation of Lord (-1744). Pamela, or Virtue &warded, Anson (1697-1762) in the

1742 Jacques Dubois an epistolary novel by Centurion ( -1 7 44) . SamuelFUchardson (1693-1763) becomes a

(1689-1761) published. master cabinet maker; his

Louis, Due de Saint- 1741 Stockholm Academy style represents the

Simon (1765-1755), of Science founded. culmination of the

composes his Memoires of Rococo. William Hogarth

Louis XIV (-1750). (1697-1764) paints 1742 Anders Celsius Marriage ii Ia Mode

17 42 In Cartas eruditas (- (1701-44) proposes a (-1746). Diana &sting

1760) Benito Feijoo centigrade thermometer. after her Bath by Fram;ois

(1767-1764) contributes Boucher (1703-70).

to the intellectual 1743 The pilgrimage emancipation of Spain. church of

1743 The Mourning Turtle 1743 Copenhagen Academy Vierzehnheiligen begun

of Science founded. by Balthasar Neumann Dove, poems on the death (1687-1753). Capo-di-of her husband by Hedwig Monte porcelain factory Charlotta Nordenflycht established in Naples. (1718-93), published.

1744 The Abbey of

1744 George Berkeley Ottobeuren, the

(1685-1753) publishes masterpiece of Michael

Siris, a scientific and Fischer (1692-1766),

philosophical meditation. begun. Dominkus

Third edition of Scienza Zimmerman (1695-1766)

nuova by Giambattista begins the pilgrimage

Vico (1668-1744), the church of Die Wies.

first survey of the social 1745 Invention of the 1745 Chelsea porcelain evolution of mankind. 'Leyden jar' for storing factory, the first in

electricity by Pieter van England, established. Musschenbroek ( 1692- Sanssouci Palace, Pots-1761). dam, begun by Georg von

Knobelsdorff (1699-1753).

1746 Antonio Canaletto ( 1720-7 5) arrives in London.

1747 St Andrew's

1748 Charles-Louis de Cathedral, Kiev, begun by

Secondat, Baron de Bartolommeo Rastrelli

Montesquieu (1689- (1700-71). Strawberry

17 55), publishes De l 'esprit Hill, Twickenham, begun

des Lois, the first great by Horace Walpole

synthesis of political ( 1717-97) in the Gothic.

economy. Der Messias style.

(completed 1773) by 1748 Lancelot Friedrich Gottlieb ('Capability') Brown Klopstock (1724-1803) 1748 Osmosis discovered (1716-83) plans his first appears anonymously, by Abbe Nollet (1700- independent landscape inaugurating a new era in 1770). Discovery of the garden design, at German poetry. ruined city of Pompeii. Warwick Castle.

385

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1749 Handel's Solomon performed, London. Rameau's Zoroastre given, Paris.

1750 J. S. Bach (65) dies, Leipzig.

1751 The violinist and composer Felice Giardini (1761-96) settles in London. Francesco Geminiani (1687-1762) publishes The Art of Playing on the Violin, the first advanced violin manual.

1752 Handel'sjephtha performed, London. JohannJoachim Quantz (1697-1773) publishes his Versuch einer Anweisung die Fliite traversiere <;u spielen. The Querelle des Bouffons begins, Paris.

1755 lgnaz Holzhauer (1711-83) appointed Kapellmeister at Mannheim. Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-78) publishes his Lettre sur Ia musique .fraTifaise. C. P. E. Bach publishes vol.i of Versuch iiber die wahre Art, das Clavier <;u spielen [ vol.ii, 1762].

1754Johann Stamitz visits Paris. llfilosojo di campagna by Baldassare Galuppi (1706-85) given, Venice.

1755 William Boyce (1711-79) appointed Master of the King's Musick to George II. Cephalus and Proeris by Francesco Araia (1709-c1776), the first opera sung in Russian, given in St Petersburg. C. H. Graun's Montezuma to a libretto after Frederick the Great given; his Der Todjesu performed, Berlin. Thomas Cahusac (d 1798) founds probably the first instrument-making business in London.

1756 Leopold Mozart's Versuch einer griindlichen Violinschule published.

1757 First public concert in Philadelphia. Domenico Scarlatti (71) dies, Madrid; J. Stamitz (39) dies, Mannheim.

1759Joseph Haydn (1732-1809) enters the service of Count Morzin, Lukavec. Ippolito ed ~ricia by Tommaso Traetta (1727-79) given, Parma. Handel (74) dies, London.

386

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1750 Death of John V of Portugal; succeeded by Joseph I. Britain joined Austro-Russian alliance, hostile to Prussia.

1751 Frederick II of Sweden dies; succeeded by Adolphus Frederick.

1754 Anglo-French war in north America.

1755 Lisbon devastated by an earthquake.

1756 Seven Years' War. Frederick the Great invades Saxony. Austria now allied to France and Russia against Prussia and Great Britain. Britain and France fighting for colonial territories.

1757 Battle ofLeuthen: Frederick the Great's defeat of Austria regarded as his greatest military triumph. France defeats Britain at the Battle of Plassey in India.

1758 Death of Pope Benedict XIV; succeeded by Clement XIII.

1759 General Wolfe captures Quebec for Britain; by 1760 French rule ih India and Canada virtually ended. Charles II~, ruler of the Two Sicilies, becomes King of Spain on the death of Ferdinand VI.

Chronology, 1749-59

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

1749 The History of Tom 1749 Publication ofthe first Jones, a Foundling by Henry of the 36-volume Histoire Fielding (1705-54) naturelle in which George 1750 Giovanni Battista establishes the novel of Buffon differentiates the Tiepolo (1696-1770) action in England. sciences of anthropology, commissioned to decorate

geology and archaeology. the archbishop's palace at Wiirzburg. &bert Andrews

1750 GOttingen Academy of and his Wife painted by Science founded. Thomas Gainsborough

1751 Denis Diderot (1713-(1727-88). Battersea Enamel factory set up.

84) edits the Encyclopidie, in 17 volumes ( -1772); it 1751 Ecole Militaire, Paris, advocates a secular begun by Jacques Ange morality, undermining the 1752 Gregorian Calendar Gabriel (1698--1782). supernatural sanctions on adopted by Great Britain.

1752 Royal Palace at which the ancien regime is Benjamin Franklin based. demonstrates lightning to Caserta, Naples, the last

be electricity. great Italian Baroque palace and the largest 18th-century building, begun by Luigi Vanvitelli

1753 Carl Linnaeus (1707- (1700-1733).

78) publishes Species 1753 St Nicholas, Prague, plantarum, followed in completed.

1755 Publication of A 1758 by the tenth edition Dictionary of the English of Systemae naturae, the 1754 The Winter Palace, St Language by Samuel starting-points of Petersburg, begun by Johnson (1709-84). botanical and zoological Rastrelli. Thomas

nomenclature. Chippendale the Elder 1756 Edmund Burke (I 718--79) publishes The

(1729-97) publishes A Gentleman and Cabinet-Philosophical Enquiry into the maker's Director. Origin of our Ideas on the

1755 Louis-Fran~is Sublime and Beautiful, the first English treatise on Roubiliac ( 1705-52) aesthetics. completes his statue of

Newton. Fran~is 1757 Mikhail Vasilyevich Boucher appointed

Lomonosov ( 1711-65) Director of the Gobelins copiles the first systematic 1757 The Elementa tapestry works. Johann Russian grammar. physiologiae (-1766) by Winckelmann (I 717-68)

Albrecht von Haller publishes Reflections on the 1758 Publication of Historia ( 1708--77) initiates the Imitation of Greek Works of

del Famosa Predicor Fray science of physiology. Art in Painting and Sculpture. Gerundio by Jose da Isla 1756 The French royal (1703-81), a successful 1758 Reappearance of satire on Spanish Halley's comet as porcelain factory moved

bombastic oratory [ vol.ii, predicted by Edmund from Vincennes to Sevres.

1768]. Halley (1656-1742) after 1757 The Pantheon, Paris, its last appearance in begun by J. G. Souffiot

1759 Voltaire, pseudonym 1682. (1713-80). ofFrancois-Marie Arouet (1694-1778), publishes 1759 Munich Academy of 1759 The British Museum Candide. Science founded. opened to the public.

387

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1760 Piccinni's La buona figliuola (La Cecchina) given, Rome. The firm of Breitkopf, Leipzig, issue the first published thematic catalogues.

1761 Haydn engaged by Prince Paul Anton Esterhazy as vice-Kapellmeister. The Noblemen's and Gentlemen's Catch Club founded in London.

1762J. C. Bach (1735-1782) leaves Milan and settles in London. Orfeo ed Euridice by Gluck given in Vienna. Geminiani (74) dies, Dublin.

1763 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart (1756-91) plays in Paris and before the court at Versailles. Florian Leopold Gassmann (1729-74) succeeds Gluck as Vienna court ballet composer. Liebhaber­Concerte, Leipzig, founded.

1764 Mozart plays in London. Rameau (79) dies, Paris.

1765 Bach-Abel concerts founded in London [succeeded by the Professional Concerts (1783-93)].

1766 Haydn becomes full Kapellmeister to Count Esterhazy. The theatre at Drottningholm, near Stockholm, built.

1767 George Philipp Telemann (86) dies, Hamburg; C. P. E. Bach succeeds him as Kantor and music director there. Gluck's Alceste first performed in Vienna. Leeds Festival, the first in a British industrial city, founded.

1768].-J. Rousseau's Dictionnaire de musique published. The opera house at Eszterhaza inaugurated with Haydn's Lo speziale.

1769 Luigi Boccherini (1743-1805) settles in Madrid.

1770 The Concert des Amateprs, Paris, founded (cl770). Liebhaberkonzerte, Berlin, founded. Giuseppe Tartini (77) dies, Padua.

388

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1760 Berlin occupied by enemy troops for a few days in October. Death of George II of Britain; succeeded by his grandson George III.

1762 Death of Empress Elizabeth of Russia; succeeded by Peter III, who is deposed after a few months by his wife, Catherine II.

1763 The treaties ofHubertsburg and Paris end the Seven Years' War, with Prussia retaining Silesia and British supremacy established in India and Canada. Augustus III ('the Strong'), Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, dies; succeeded by his grandson Frederick Augustus in Saxony and puppet rulers in Poland.

1764 Defensive alliance between Prussia and Russia as a first move in the peaceful partition of Poland.

1765 Death of Francis Stephen of Lorraine. His son Joseph II becomes co-ruler with Maria Theresa and Holy Roman Emperor. Leop0ld, younger brother of Joseph II, becomes Grand Duke of Tuscany. The Stamp Act for taxing the American colonies is passed by the British Parliament but repealed after protest 'No taxation without representation' in 1766.

1766 Death of Frederick V of Denmark­Norway; succeeded by Christian VII.

1769 Death of Pope Clement XIII; succeeded by Clement XIV.

1770 Marriage of the French dauphin (later Louis XVI) to the Habsburg Archduchess Marie Antoinette.

Chronology, 1760-70

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHIWSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

1760 Academies of science 1760 Allan Ramsay (1713-founded at Verona and 84) made painter-in-Turin. ordinary to George III.

1761 Publication of Conies 1761John Harrison's 1761 The foremost German Moraux by Jean-Fran~is

Marmontel (1723-99). ( 1693-1776) fourth Classicist painter, Anton marine chronometer for Mengs (1728-79),

1762 The influential Du measuring longitude summoned to Madrid as contrat social and Emile, successfully tested at sea. director of the royal treatises on politics and The Bridgewater Canal tapestry works. Matthew education by Jean- laid out by James Brindley Boulton (1728-1809) sets Jacques Rousseau ( 1712- (1716-72), a major up a metalware factory in 78) are published. Carlo contribution to the Birmingham. Goldoni (1707-93), Industrial Revolution

prolific Venetian (completed 1767). 1762 Robert Adam ( 1728-playwright, settles in

1764 Spinning Jenny 92) and his brothers

Paris. Publication of remodel Syon House Fingal by James invented; perfected in

according to their concept Macpherson ( 1736-96) 1766 by James Hargreaves of total interior design which, with Temora and (d 1778).

(-1769). the 'translated' works of 1765James Watt (1736-Ossian, profoundly 1819) adds a separate 176!1 Thomas Affieck (d influences the Romantic condenser to Newcomen's 1795) emigrates to New movement. steam engine. York where he becomes

the leading cabinet maker 1764 Anonymous 1766 Henry Cavendish in the Chippendale style.

publication of The Castle of (1731-1810) discovers Benjamin West (1738-Otranto, the first Gothic that hydrogen is an 1820) settles in London novel, by Horace element of air. The and becomes the first Wimpole (1717-97). circumnavigation of Louis American artist of

de Bougainville ( 1729- international reputation. 1766 Christoph Martin 1811 ) in the Boudeuse

Wieland (1733-1813) (-1769). 1765 Essays on Painting writes Geschichte des published by Denis Agathon ( -1767), a 1768 Captain James Cook's Diderot (1713-84). landmark in the (1728-78) first development of the circumnavigation, in the 1766 The Swing painted by modern psychological Endeavour ( -1 771) . Peter Jean Honore Fragonard novel. Publication of The Simon Pallas ( 1741- (1732-1806).George V"~ear of Wakefold by Oliver 1811) travels in Asia on Stubbs (1724-1806) Goldsmith (1730-79). behalfofRussia (-1774). publishes The Anato"9' of

1769 Richard Awkwright the Horse, revolutionizing 1767 The publication of ( 1732-92) invents the animal painting.

Phadon, an essay on the roller-spinning water immortality of the soul, loom. Transit ofVenus 1767 Sir John Wood brings Moses which provides the ( 1728-81) builds Royal Mendelssohn ( 1729-86) incentive for scientific Crescent, Bath (-1775). to the forefront of work and exploration. European intellectual life. 1768 The Royal Academy

1770 Captain Cook lands at of Arts founded by George 1769Publication of the Botany Bay, proving the III with Joshua Reynolds

poem Les saisons by Jean existence of Australia. ( 1723-92) as president. Fran~tois, Marquis de James Bruce (1730-94) The first aquatints are Saint-Lambert (1716- visits the source of the created by Jean-Baptiste 1803). Blue Nile. Le Prince (1733-81).

389

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1771 Publication of The Present State of Music in France and Italy by Charles Burney (1726-1814) followed in 1773 by The Present State of Music in Germany, the Netherlands, and United Provinces.

1772 Haydn's so-called 'Sturm und Drang' symphonies, nos.43-7, written. Vienna Tonkiinstler-Sozietat founded by Gassmann.]. C. Bach visits Mannheim for performances of his Temistocle.

1773 Foundation of the Royal Swedish Opera by Gustavus III.

1774 Antonio Salieri (1750-1825) succeeds Gassmann as court composer and conductor of the Italian opera in Vienna. James Hook appointed organist and composer at Vauxhall Gardens, London. Esemplare ossia saggio fondamentale pratico di contrappunto by Padre Martini (1706-84) published [ii, 1775]. Gluck goes to Paris and gives Iphiginie en Aulitk and Orphie. Baldassare Galuppi (78) dies, Venice. Nicolojommelli (69) dies, Naples.

1775 Hanover Square Rooms opened in London. Johann Adam Hiller ( 1728-1804) founds the Musikiibende Gesellschaft, Leipzig.

1776John Hawkins's History and vol.i of Charles Burney's published. The Burgtheater in Vienna taken over by Joseph II's court. The Ancient Concerts begin, London.

1777 Mozart visits Mannheim.

1778 Mozart visits Mannheim and Paris. The Mannheim musical establishment moves to Munich. Teatro alia Scala, Milan, opens with Salieri's L'Europa riconosciuta. Joseph II establishes the Deutsches National Singspiel at the Vienna Burgtheater. Thomas Augustine Arne (77) dies, London.

1779 Gluck's lphiginie en Tauritk given, Paris. Piccinni's Roland given, Paris. William Boyce (77) dies, London.

390

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1771 Death of Adolphus Frederick of Sweden; succeeded by Gustavus III. Russia completes the conquest of the Crimea.

1772 First Partition of Poland between Prussia and Russia. Hieronymus, Count ofColloredo, Prince-Bishop ofGurk, elected Prince Archbishop of Salzburg.

1774 Death of Louis XV of France; succeeded by his grandson Louis XVI. The first continental congress in the American colonies meets in Philadelphia and passes the Declaration of Rights, drawn up by Thomas jefferson (1743-1836). Death of Pope Clement XIV; Pius VI elected the following year.

1775 Battle of Bunker Hill, the first outbreak of hostilities in the American War oflndependence, which continues until the surrender of General Cornwallis at Yorktown in 1781.

1776 4 July, American Declaration of Independence. The Portuguese colonies in South America organized into one unit with Rio de janeiro as the capital.

1777 Death of joseph I of Portugal; succeeded by Maria I. Death of Maximilian joseph of Bavaria; succeeded by Carl Theodor, Elector Palatine.

1778 Partition of Bavaria which leads to the War of Bavarian Succession between Austria and Prussia, 1778-9; Carl Theodor moves his court to Munich.

1780 Death of Maria Theresa; Joseph II becomes sole ruler of the Habsburg lands.

Chronology, 1771-80

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

1771 The first Eru:lyclopaedia 1771 The Pavilion de Britannica issued by a Louveciennes by Claude-'Society of Gentlemen in Nicolas Ledoux ( 1736-Scotland'. Emmanuel 1806) begun, the first Swedenborg (1688-1772), building in France in the Swedish scientist, mathe- neo-classical style matician, philosopher throughout. and mystic, publishes Vera Christiana &ligio, the most

1772 Captain Cook's comprehensive exposition of his philosophy. second voyage of

discovery, in the &solution 1775 Suppression of the (-1775).

Jesuits by Pope Clement XIV, after a campaign by European monarchs.

1774Johann Wolfgang von 1774 Experiments and 1774Thomas Goethe (1749-1832) Observations on Different Gainsborough moves to publishes his epistolary Kinds of Air by Joseph London and begins to novel The Sorrows of Priestley (1733-1804) paint society portraits. Wntker, the first novel of demonstrates that plants the 'Sturm und Drang' immersed in water give off movement. Letters to his gas (oxygen). George 17751Josiah Wedgwood son by Lord Chesterfield Bogle (1746-81) visits ( 1730-95) first produces (1694-1773) published Tibet to establish relations Jasper ware, the perfect posthumously, becoming between Tibet and British ceramic body for neo-a handbook of gentle- India. classical ornaments. manly behaviour. Gottfiied Adams brothers erect BUrger (1747-94), one of 1775 James Watt perfects Portland Place, London. the Hainbund poets, pub- the steam engine. lishes his ballad Lenore.

1776 Adam Smith (1723- 1776 Captain Cook's third 1776 George Romney 90) publishes An Inquiry voyage, in the &solution (1734-1802) paints the inro the Nature and Causes of (-1780); he is killed in portrait of Richard the Wealth of Nations which Hawaii in 1779. Cumberland. revolutionizes economic theory. Edward Gibbon (1737-94) publishes the 1777 Oxygen named by 1778Joseph Wright first volume of his History of the Decline and Fall of the

Antoine Lavoisier ( 1743- ( 1743-97) has his first

Roman Empire ( -1788). 94). exhibition at the Royal

Academy. Bust of

1778 Publication of Evelina, 1779 Samuel Crompton Benjamin Franklin

an epistolary novel by (1753-1827) perfects the modelled by Jean-Antoine

Fanny Burney (1752-spinning 'mule' - a cross Houdon (1741-1828),

1840). between Hargreaves's acknowledged as the Jenny and Arkwright's leading portrait sculptor water frame spinning in Europe. machine. The first cast-

1780 Publication of An iron bridge erected at Introductilm to the Principiis Ironbridge, Shropshire, 1780 Caughley pottery, of Morals and Legislation by designed by Abraham Shropshire, makes the first Jeremy Bentham (1748- Darby and John known willow-pattern 1832). Wilkinson. plate.

391

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1781 Mozart's ldomeneo given in Munich; he leaves the service of the Archbishop of Salzburg and settles in Vienna. Haydn's op.33 string quartets published. The Concert de Ia Loge Olympique instituted in Paris. Leipzig Gewandhaus opens, with Hiller as conductor.

1782 Mozart's Die Entfiihrung aus dem Serail given, Vienna. II barbiere di Siviglia by Giovanni Paisiello (1740-1816) given, St Petersburg. Versuch einer Anleitung zur Composition, vol.i by H. C. Koch (1749-1816) published [ii, 1793) Pietro Metastasio (84) dies, Vienna.]. C. Bach (46) dies, London.

1785 Prague opera house (the Estates Theatre) built by Count Nostitz, opens. Johann Adolf Hasse (84) dies, Venice.

1784 Wilhelm Friedemann Bach (73) dies, Berlin. Mozart composes six piano concertos, Vienna. Gretry's lOckard, Coeur­de-Lion given, Paris. Stephen Storace (1763-96) gives quartet party, Vienna: Dittersdorf, Haydn, Mozart, Vanhal. The first Handel Commemoration held, Westminster Abbey and the Pantheon, London.

1785 Caecilian Society founded, London. Mozart's six string quartets dedicated to Haydn published.

1786 Mozart's Le noae di Figaro given, Vienna. Haydn's Paris Symphonies (nos. 82-7) given, Paris. Earliest surviving example of a grand piano by John Broadwood (1732-1812).

1787 Mozart's Don Giovanni given in Prague. Salieri's Tarare given in Paris (in Vienna, as Axur, ri d'Ormus, 1788). Samuel Arnold (1740-1802) begins his complete edition of Handel (abandoned in 1793, with 180 parts issued). Gluck (73) dies, Vienna.

1788 Mozart writes his last three symphonies, nos.39 in Fl , 40 in G minor and 41 inC ('Jupiter'). The Glee Club founded, London. C. P. E. Bach (74) dies, Hamburg.

392

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1781 Joseph II abolishes serfdom in Austria; his edict of toleration reduces power of the church.

1785 Great Britain formally recognizes American Independence.

1784 William Pitt the younger (1759-1806) wins British general election.

1786 Death of Frederick the Great of Prussia; succeeded by Frederick Wilhelm II.

1787 Federal government established in the USA. France declared bankrupt.

1788 Death of Charles III of Spain; succeeded by Charles IV. The first convict settlement established at Botany Bay, Australia.

Chronology, 1781-88

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHILOSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

1781 Publication of the 1781 William Herschel 1782 Carl Gustav Pilo Critique of Pure Reason by ( 1738-1822) discovers (1711-93) paints The Immanuel Kant ( 1724- the planet Uranus. Coronation of Gustavus Ill. 1804), which contains the Charles Wilson Peale root of his philosophical (1741-1827) opens the system. Johann Christoph first art gallery in the Friedrick von Schiller USA, exhibiting his (1759-1805) publishes 1783 First demonstration of portraits of personalities of his first drama, Die Raiiher. hot air and hydrogen the Revolutionary War. Emperor Joseph II balloons by the introduces religious Montgolfier brothers. toleration to the Habsburg Royal Society of 1784 The Oath of the Horatii lands. Edinburgh formed. painted by Jacques-Louis

1784 The Methodists, led David (1748-1825), one of the landmarks in the

by John Wesley (1703- history of neo-classicism. 91), break away from the Church of England. 1785 William Withering 1785 The design by Johann Gottfried von (1741-99) publishes his ThomasJefferson (1743-Herder (1744-1803) conclusions on the use of 1826} for the State Capitol writes his monumental digitalis in medicine. in Richmond, Virginia, for I de as on the Philosophy of the the first time applied the History of Mankind classical temple form to a (-1791). monumental building.

1786 Publication of Poems 1786 Uranium discovered 1786 Marie-Louise Vigee-by the American Philip by M. H. Klaproth Lebrun (1755-1842) Freneau (1752-1832). (1743-1817). Early paints Marie Antoinette in a Gustavus III founds the attempts at gas lighting in Satin Dress with a Rnse. Swedish Academy, giving England and Germany. particular encouragement 1787 Sir Henry Raeburn to literature. Publication (1756-1823) returns to of Poems, chiefly in the Edinburgh and becomes Scottish Dialect by Robert the leading portrait Bums (1759-96). Goethe

1787 First ascent of Mont painter in Scotland. Juan

travels in Italy ( -1788), de Villaneuva ( 1739--where he conceives the Blanc, by Horace 1811) designs the Prado, ideal of a classic literature. Saussure. Madrid, as a Museum of

1787 The Vision of Columbus, Natural History. Cupid and Psyche (-1793), a marble

an epic in heroic couplets, by Antonio Canova published by Joel Barlow (1757-1822), shows how (1754-1812), American sculpture can be freed diplomat and poet. from an architectural

setting.

1788 Humphrey Repton (1752-1818) sets up as a landscape gardener and is

1788 Linnaeus Society soon the acknowledged founded. Joseph Lagrange leader of his profession. (1736-1813), foremost Karl Longhaus (1732-mathematician of the era, 1808) builds the publishes Micanique Brandenburg Gate, Berlin ana{ytique. (-1791}.

393

The Classical Era

MUSIC AND MUSICIANS

1789 Philadelphia Harmony, a book of popular American and European sacred music, published. Daniel Gotdob Tiirk (1750-1813) publishes Clavierschule. For a performance of the oratorio Hiob by Carl Ditters von Dittersdorf ( 1739-99), citizens are first able to buy tickets for the Berlin court opera.

1790 Mozart's Cosifan tutte given, Vienna. Concert Spirituel, Paris, founded in 1725, closes down.

1791 Mozart's La ciemen.r.a di Tito given, Prague, and Die Zauberjliite, Vienna; he dies (35). Haydn's first visit to England ( -1792): symphonies nos.93-8.

179% Ludwig van Beethoven (1770-1827) setdes in Vienna. ll matrimonio segreto by Domenico Cimarosa (1749-1801) given, Vienna. Berlin Singakademie founded by C. F. C. Fasch (1736-1800). Teatro La Fenice, Venice, opens.

1794 Haydn's second visit to England (-1795): symphonies nos.99-104.

1795 Beethoven's first two piano concertos performed, Vienna. Paris Conservatoire founded.

1796 The first two of Haydn's late masses composed, Vienna.

1797 Haydn's op. 76 string quartets composed. Midie by Luigi Cherubini (1760-1842) given, Paris.

1798 Haydn's The Creatian given, Vienna. Beethoven's op.l3 piano sonata ('Pathetique') written. First collected edition of Mozart's works begun.

394

POLITICS, WAR, RULERS

1789 5 May, the first meeting of the Estates­General in France for more than 150 years; 14July, the Storming of the Bastille marks the beginning of the French Revolution; 4 August, Declaration of the Rights of Man proclaimed by the newly formed French National Assembly; 5 October, the Paris mob march to Versailles and force the royal family to go to Paris.

1790 Death of Emperor Joseph II; succeeded by his brother Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany.

1791 The National Assembly in France becomes the Legislative Assembly.

179% Assassination of Gustavus III of Sweden by dissatisfied nobles; succeeded by Gustavus IV. Death of Leopold II of Austria; succeeded by Francis II. Overthrow of the French monarchy. France declared a republic, 22 September.

1795 Execution of Louis XVI on 21 January, followed by that of Marie Antoinette on 16 October. Britain, the Netherlands, Spain, Portugal, Naples, Tuscany and the Holy Roman Empire declare war on France. Second Partition of Poland. The Terror in France ends after the death ofRobespierre in July 1794.

1795 The Directoire in France (-1799).

1796 Death of Empress Catherine II of Russia; .succeeded by Paul I.

1797 Death of Frederick Wilhelm II of Prussia; succeeded by Frederick Wilhelm III.

1798 Batde of the Nile; Horatio Nelson plays a leading part in the destruction of the French fleet.

1799 The Consulat in France (-1804) with Napoleon Bonaparte as First Consul. Income tax first introduced in England.

Chronology, 1789-99

LITERATURE, SCIENCE, FINE AND PHIWSOPHY, TECHNOLOGY, DECORATIVE ARTS,

RELIGION DISCOVERY ARCHITECTURE

1789 Alexander 1789 Antoine Lavoisier 1789 William Blake (1757-Nikolayevich Radishchev produces his first memoir 1827) publishes Songs of (1749-1802) publishes on respiration and laid the Innocence with a new his journey from St foundations for the study method of illuminated Petersburg to Moscow, of metabolism. Gilbert printing. Francisco Goya attacking autocracy and White (1720-93) (1746-1828) becomes serfdom. WilliamJones publishes A Natural History court painter to Charles (1746-94) translates the of Selborne. Alessandro IVofSpain. Sanskrit drama Sakuntala Malaspina (1754-1810) into English. explores the north-west

1790 Nikolai Mikhaylovich coast of America (-1794).

1791 Charlotte Square, Karamzin ( 1766-1826), 1790 Lisbon Academy of Edinburgh, laid out by the first Russian writer to Science founded. Robert Adam. Thomas gain an international Sheraton (1751-1806) reputation, publishes publishes The Cabinet-Letters of a /Wssian Traveller. maker and Upholsterer's

1791 James Boswell Drawing Book (-1794), used extensively both

(1740-95) publishes The sides of the Atlantic. Life of Samuel johnson. Tom Paine (1737-1809) publishes The Rights of

1792 The Alexander Man in reply to Burke's &jkctions on the French Palace, Tsarkoe Selo,

&volution. begun by Giacomo Querenghi (1744-1817),

1792 JosefDobrovsky a gift from Catherine II to

(1743-1829) publishes the future Alexander I

History of the Bohemian 1794 Ecole Polytechnique (-1796).

Language and Literature. in Paris founded, the first of its kind in Europe. 1795 The Louvre opens as

1795 Vincenzo Monti the first national art

(1754-1828) writes 1795 Mungo Park (1771- gallery in Europe.

1806) explores West Bassvilliana, a poem in Mrica and the River 1796 The silversmith Paul terza rima on the French Niger. James Hutton Storr (1771-1844) sets up Revolution.

( 1726-97) publishes business in London. The 1794 Publication of The Theory of the Earth outlining fantastical Fonthill Abbey

Mysteries of Udolplw by Ann the science of geology. begun by James Wyatt Radcliffe ( 1764-1823), (1746-1813).J.M.W. the leading exponent of Turner (1775-1851) the Gothic novel. exhibits his first work in

1798 EdwardJenner oils, Fishermen at Sea, at the 1798 Lyrical Ballads by (1749-1823) publishes Royal Academy.

William Wordsworth his theory of vaccination (1770-1850) and Samuel against smallpox. William 1797 A History of British Taylor Coleridge ( 1772- Herschel discovers the Birds published (-1804) 1834) appear; the infra-red radiation in the with woodcuts by Thomas beginning of the Romantic light of the sun. Bewick. movement in English Lithography invented by literature. Alois Senefelder ( 1771- 1799 Blake paints The

1835). Adoration of the Magi; the 1799 Schiller completes his satirical Copriclws of

Wallenstein trilogy, his 1799 The Rosetta Stone Francisco Goya (1746-finest drama. discovered in Egypt. 1828) etched.

395

Index

Page numbers in italics refer to captions to illustrations.

Abel, Carl Friedrich, 293, 309-11, 313 Academie Fran~ise, 63 academies (concert societies), 66, 218, 225-8,

241,342,354,359,360,361 Adam, Jean-Louis, 81 Adelcrantz, Carl Frederic, 332 Aldgate, Andrew, 369, 370

Urania, or A Choice Collection of Psalm- Tunes, Anthems and Hymns, 369

Adlgasser, Anto Cajetan, 167, 170, 172, 182 aesthetic theory, music and, 62-4 Aeschylus, 52 Age of Liberty (Sweden), 340 Agricola, Johann Friedrich, 247-8, 263 Ah1stri:im, 01of, 341-2, 343

Musikaliskt Tidsfordriv, 342 Skaldesljlcken satte i musik, 342

Aiguillon, Duke of, 71 Aitken, John, 371 Alba, house of, 355, 356, 360 Albaret, Count of, 71 Albinoni, Tomaso Giovanni, 43, 195 Albrechtsberger, Johann Georg, 335 Aldrovandini, Giuseppe Antonio Vincenzo,

203 Alejandro de Lelis, Carlos, 356 Alfieri, Vittorio, 102 Algarotti, Francesco, 346 n.9

Saggio sopra l'opera in musica, 116, 117 Allgemeine musikalische Zeitung, 20 Almanach des spectacles, 87 Almanach musical, 65, 69 Altham, Count, 181 Althann, Countess, 102 American Civil War, 371 American Revolution, 17, 300, 319, 370, 375,

376, 377 Declaration of Independence, 379

Amiconi,Jacopo, 353 Amsterdam, 268, 282 Ancelet, Observations, 66, 68 'ancient' music, concerts of(London),

314--22

396

Andre, Johann, 143, 255,262 Belmont und Constanze, 262 Erwin und Elmire, 262 LeruJTe, 255

Anfossi, Pasquale, 44, 286 Angiolini, Gasparo, 110, 114--15, 122, 158

Donju.an, 114--15 Anna Amalia, Duchess of Weimar, 241, 250,

259,260 Anne, Queen of England, 293 Anton, Prince of Saxony, 188 Antretter [Andretter], Cajetan, 181 Antretter [ Andretter], J udan Thadda us von,

176 Antretter [Andretter], Sigmund, 181 Araja [Araia], Francesco, 6 Aranda, Count of, 357, 359 Arcos, Duke of, 355, 360 Aribo Scholasticus, De musica, 166 Arne, Thomas, 303, 306, 314, 375

Artaxerxes, 303, 304, 306 Comus, 306 God Save the King (arranged Arne), 14 n.2 Love in a Village, 306 Rosamond, 306 Thomas and Sally, 306

Arnold, Samuel, 294, 306, 314, 318 The Castle of Andalusia, 379

Artaria, Carlo, 149 Artaria, Francesco, 149 Artaria & Co., 122, 151, 288 Arteaga, Esteban de, 362 'art for art's sake', 13 Artois, Count of, 359 Asam, Cosmas Damian, 217,221, 236 n.23 Assembly Rooms, 301, 302, 321 Astrua, Giovanna, 29-30 Aubert, Jacques, Concerts de symphonies pour les

uiolons, flUtes et hautbois, 7 3 Auenbrugger, Caterina von, 288 Auenbrugger, Marianna von, 288 Auersperg, Count, Bishop of Lavant, 177 Augsburg, 106

Auletta, Pietro, Or~io, 47 Aumann, Franzjosef, 174 Austrian Empire, I, 7, 209 Avison, Charles, 301, 320

Babbius, Baron, 181 Bach, Carl Philipp Emanuel, 242, 247, 248,

250-52,253,254 concertos, 248 Die Ariferstehung und Himmelfahrtjesu, 253 Die lsraelitm in der Wriste, 253 Geistliche Odell und Lieder, 255 keyboard music, 250 symphonies, 247 Versuch iiher die wahre Art das Clavier .e;u spielm,

244,250 Bach, johann Christian, 3, 72, 174, 222, 225,

293,29.9,309-11,313,314,320,375 Variations on 'God Save the Queen', 298

Bach, johann Christoph Friedrich, Brutus, 257 Bach, johann Sebastian, 130, 195, 244, 245,

309 Mass in B minor, 195 Peasant Cantata, 195 Stjohn Passion, 253 St Matthew Passion, 253

Bach, Wilhelm Friedemann, 250 Bach-Abel Concerts (London), 309-11, 318,

320 Bachaumont, Mimoires secrets, 71 Baden (nr Vienna), 160 Bagge, Baron of, 71 Baildon,joseph,314 Bakov, 197 Balbastre, Claude-Benigne, 81, 82 Ball, Thomas, 370

sister of, 370 ballad opera, 9, 306, 375, 376 Baltic region, 329 Baltic Sea, 327 Baltimore, 8 Bannister, Roger, 294 Banti, Brigida, 33, 55 Barcelona, 47, 361 Baris ani, Dr Silvester, 181 Baroque music, forms, II Barthelemon, Francois-Hippolyte, 310 Barton, Andrew, The Disappointment, or The

Force of Credulity, 377 Bates,joah, 320 Bath, Assembly Rooms, 302

Theatre Royal, 379 Battagliuoli, Francesco, 42 Batteux, Abbe, us beaux arts riduits ii un mime

principe, 62 Battishill, jonathan, 314 Baudron, Antoine, 78 Bavaria, Dowager Electress of, 226, 227 Bavaria, Duke of, 222 Bavaria, Elector of, 224, 233, 234

Index

Beals, john, 370 Beard, Mr, 377 Beaumarchais, Pierre-Augustin, 65, 359 Beck, Josepha: see Schafer, jospeha Beckford, William, Travel Diaries, 59 n.l5 Bedford, Arthur, The Great Abuse of Music, 318 Beethoven, Ludwig van, I, 126, 130, 158, 161,

162, 194 Die Gesmopft des Pro71Uitheus, 162 Fidelio, 261 Symphony no. I, 130 Symphony no.3 ('Eroica'), 99 Welling tons Sieg, 99

Behrent,john, 371 Bellini, Vincenzo, 162 Bellman, Carl Michael, 327-8, 334-5,

342-5 Bacchi Orden, 342 Bacchi Tempel, 343 Fretbrums epistlar, 343-4 Fretbrums stinger, 334, 335, 343-4

Belsches, Lady jane Wishart, 372 Benavente and Osuna, Countess-Duchess of,

355-6,359,360 Benda, Franz [Frantisek], 190, 191, 193, 194,

197, 198 Benda, Georg (Anton) Uin Antoni'n], 136,

189, 194, 197, 198, 252, 261 Ariadne auf Naxos, 189, 260, 261 Medea, 189, 261 Romeo und Julia, 261 Walder, 261

Benda, johann Georg [Janjin1, 193 Benda family, 198 Benedict XIV (Pope), Annus qui (1749), 109 Berkeny,janos,279 Berlin, 126, 130, 193, 213, 241, 242-6, 249,

259,262,263,301 Concert Spirituel, 249, 263 Kiinigliches Theater, 263 Liebhaberkonzerte, 249 Nationaltheater, 263, 264 Schloss Charlottenburg, 243, 263 Singakademie,249

Berlioz, Hector, 84 Bernardi, Bartolomeo, La Libussa, 198 Bernardon: see Kurz, joseph von Bernasconi, Andrea, 234 Bertoni, Ferdinanda, 43, 44, 54, 309 Besozzi family, 119 Bessenyei, Gyiirgy, Es.e;terha.e;i vigasstigok, 280 Bethlen family, 269 Bianchi, Francesco, Caito, 51,53 Biber, Carl Heinrich von~ 167, 172 Bickerstaffe, Isaac, Love in a VUlage, 377 Billings, William, 370 Bioni, Antonio, 195, 198 Birck: see Pirck Birckart, 199 Birmingham, 326

397

The Classical Era

Bischofreiter, Martin, 174 Blanc, Hubert le, Difmst tit la basse tit violt

amtrtllts entreprises du uiolon et Its prltentions du viobmullt, 66

Blanchard, Esprit, 84 Boccherini, Luigi, 65, 71, 73, 354-5, 356

'The House of the Devil', 118 Sei sextuor, 64

Bohenria, 7, 160,188-211,271 Battle of the White Mountain, 189, 203 Bohenrian Estates, 189 'Conservatoire of Europe', 188 Land Ordinance (1627), 189, 190

Bohm, Johann Heinrich, 178 Boismortier,Joseph Bodin de, 79

Conartos pour cinque flUtes, 7 7 Bologna, 46, 171, 179

Accadenria Filarmonica, 19 Bondini, Pasquale, 188, 200, 201 Bonn, 126, 158, 194 Bonno, Giuseppe, 118 Bononcini, Giovanni, 68 Boosey (publishers), 295 Bordoni, Faustina, 71, 246 Barnet, Claude, 93 Borodin, Alexander Porfir'yevich, Prina Igor,

336 Boston, 8 Boswell, James, 315 Bourbon, Louis Fran~is de, Prince of Conti,

65, 71, 79 Bourbon family, 23-4, 27, 38, 350, 362, 364 bow, violin, devdopment of, 66 Boyce, William, 317,320

Cathedral Music, 31 7 Love in a VIllage, 306

Bozan, Jan Josef, The Nightingale of Paradise on the Tree of Lift, 195, 205

Braganza, Maria Barbara, Queen of Spain, 352,353,354

Brandes,Madame,260 Brandl, Petr, 195 Bratislava, 277 Braun (sculptor), 195 Breitkopf (publishers), 283 Bremner, James, 369, 370 Brent, Miss, 377 Bretzner, Christoph Friedrich, 138 Breuner, Countess, 177 Breuner, Prince, 177 Breval,Jean-B~ptiste, 76, 77, 79 Brillon deJouy, Madame, 72-3 Brixi, Frantisek Xaver, 197, 202-3, 204, 205,

207 Broschi, Carlo: su Farindli Brasses, Charles de, 24, 41 Briihl, Count, 121 Brunetti, Antonio, 177, 181, 355 Brunian,JohannJoseph, 201 Brunnsviken (nr StOckholm), 327

398

Brunswick,47,241,246,247 Brussels, 10 Brydges, James, Duke ofChandos, 294-5 Biickeburg, 257 Buini, Giuseppe Maria, 46,47 Bullinger,Joseph, 181, 184 Buonaparte, Napoleon, 2, 39 Biirger, Gottgried, August, Lenore, 255 Burney, Charles, 20, 34, 40, 43-5, 49, 72-3,

91, 106, 117, 121, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196-7,198,202,207,208,215,216, 220,223,228,230,232,242,244,245, 252, 309, 317

Gen4ral History of Music, 305 Burney, Fanny, 2 Bustelli, Giuseppe, 199

Cadalso y Vasquez, Jose de, Cartas marrutt:as, 363

Cactiz,289,340,352 Caffarelli [Majarano, Gaetano], 29-30, 71 Caldara, Antonio, 203, 204

Da.fo4, 167 ll giubilo titlla Sak;a, 167 ll morto rediuivo ovvero S Antonio, 167

Calderon de Ia Barca, Pedro, 356, 358 Calzabigi, Ranieri de', 50, 51, 52, 115, 117,

122,345 n.9 Alctste, 31, 53 El.frida,33 Orfto ed Euridiu, 117

Cambini, Giuseppe, 76 Cambridge, 312 Campra, Andre, 84, 87 Canales, Manuel, 355 Canaletto [Canale, Giovanni Antonio], 115,

316 Canary Islands, 351 Candeille, Enrilie-Julie, Concerto for

harpsichord, clarinet and horn, 75 Cannabich, Qohann) Christian, 216, 219,

228, 229, 231, 234, 236, n.28 Cannabich, Johann Christoph, symphonies,

76 Cannabich, Marie Elisabeth, 219 Cannons (nr London), 295 Capron, Henri, 371, 375 Capua, Rinaldo di, La rotnmedia in aJtnm~dia, 4 7

La IibertO. nociva, 4 7 Cariboldi (double bass player), 309 Carl Albrecht, Elector of Bavaria, 234 Carl Philipp, Elector ofMannheim, 213-15,

222,224 grand-daughters of, 221 222

Carl Theodor, Elector of Mannheim, 215-16, 220-21,222,223,224,225,226,228, 233-4

wife of, 218, 222, 226, 227 Carr, Benjanrin, 371 Carrogis de Carmontelle, Louis, 78

Cart, Jin, 207 Casanova, Giacomo, 34, 40 Cassel [Cassi],Joseph Thomas, 181, 183 Casti, Giambattista, 150, 152, 154 Cathedral Music (compendium), 317 Catherine the Great, 33, 329 Cavalieri, Catarina, 156 Cayetana, Marla Teresa, Duchess of Alba,

355,356,360 Ceccarelli, Francesco, 181 Celsius, Anders, 340 Cernln, Count Prokop, 192 Cernohorsky, Bohuslav Matej, 202 Cesky Krumlov, 209

theatre at, 20 I Chabanon, Michel de, 63

De Ia musique considirie en elle-mime, 63, 83 Chandos, Duke of, 294-5 Chantilly, 71 Chappell (music publishers), 295 Charlemagne, 3 Charles II, King of England, 101, 293,

308 Charles III, King of Spain (also King of

Naples), 23-4, 34, 39, 350, 354, 360, 361-2

wife of, 24 Charles IV, King of Spain, 354-5, 356,

362 Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor, 99, 102,

108, 192, 193, 198, 199 Charleston, 8 Charlotte, Queen (of England), 291, 310 Chastellux, Marquis de, 373 Chateaubriand, Fran~is Rene, Vicomte de,

Le ginie du christianisme, 85 Cherubini, Luigi, 94, 318

Lodoiska, 55 Chesterfield, Lord, 296 Chiaja (Bay of Naples), 22 China, 363 Choron, Alexandre, Dictionnaire, (1810),

82 Christian, King of Denmark, 338 church music: see religious music Ciampi, Vincenzo, 44, 48 Cimarosa, Domenico, 6, 23, 37, 39, 44, 54,

153,284,286,320 Gli Ora:c;i e i Curia:c;i, 54 II matrimonio segreto, 162 L 'impresario in angus tie, 154

Cipriani, 309 Clavereau, Lucile, 117 Clementi, Muzio, 297

Sonatas opp.2-4, 297 Cocchi, Gioacchino, 44 Coentgen, B.A., 214 Coffey, Charles, The Devil to Pay, 124 n.37,

258,376 Collini, Cosimo, 217

Index

Colloredo, Hieronymus Joseph Franz de Paula, Count von, Archbishop of Salzburg, 130, 137, 141, 167, 177, 179--80, 183

Coltellini, Celeste, 38 comic opera: see opera commedia dell'arte, 34, 35, 37, 47, 48, 50, 101 concerto, 77, 144-6; see also symphonie

concertante, 75-6 Concert Spirituel (Paris), 66-9, 71, 75, 76,

81, 82, 84, 92, 95, 293; see also 263, 360--61

Conde, Princes of, 71 conservatories, 10, 22, 23, 38, 40-45, 81,82 Conti, Francesco, 192, 203 Conti, Louis Fran~is de Bourbon, Prince of,

65, 71, 79 Copenhagen, 8, 329, 346 n.6 Corelli, Arcangelo, 68, 76,301,317,318,320

Concerti grossi, 30 I, 310, 317 Corneille, Pierre, Les Horaces, 54 Cornelys, Theresa, 310 Corona laboriosae heroum virtuti (school drama),

171 Corrette, Michel, 79

Concertos for flute and strings, 77 Corselli [Courcelle], Francesco, 351 Corsica (innkeeper), 249 Corvetto (the younger) (cellist), 310 Corvin us, J.A. 119 Couperin, Fram;ois, 6, 79, 80, 82 Cowper family, 296 Cramer, Carl Friedrich, Maga:c;in der Musik, 20 Cramer, Johann Baptist, 82, 295 Cramer, Wilhelm, 310, 312, 313 Crawford, James, 379 Crescentini, Girolamo, 39, 56 Cristelli, Caspar, 173, 182 Croce, Benedetto, 29, 36 Croce, Johann Nepomuk della, 178 Cruz, Ramon de Ia, 355, 356

El buen marido, 359 La Briseida, 359 Las labradoras de Murcia, 358

Cusetti (violonist), 181 Cuvillies, Fran~is, 234 Czaslau [Caslav], 197 Czernin~,Johann Rudolf, Count, 176-7, 181

Dalayrac, Nicolas-Marie, 6 Dalberg, Wolfgang Heribert von, 223, 226 Dalecarlia (Sweden), 338 D'Aiembert, Jean le Rond, 76 Dallos Marton, 280 Danchet, Antoine, 87 Danzi, Franz, 234 Danzi, Innocenz, 216, 235 n.9 DaPonte, Lorenzo, 152-3, 154, 156, 158, 161 Daquin, Louis-Claude, 82 Das gelehrte Ostmeich, 283

399

The Classical Era

Dauvergne, Antoine, Lts troqueurs, 91-2 Davaux,Jean-Baptiste, 75, 76 David, Jacques-Louis, 14 n.16 De Amicis, Anna Lucia, 22 Denmark, 336, 338, 346 n.3 Denzio, Antonio, 195 Desprez, Louis Jean, 334, 336, 337,337, 338,

345 Diabelli, Anton, 161, 184 Dibdin, Charles, jack at the Windlass, 371 Diderot, Denis, 62, 256

Lts bijoux indiscrets, 89 Dientzenhofer, Christoph, 191 Dientzenhofer, Kilian, 191 Dies, Albert Christoph, 274 Dittersdorf, Carl Ditters von, 118, 119, 124

n.19, 129, 132, 133, 146, 147, 150, 174 Doktor und Apotheker, 129 La liberatrice del popolo giudaico nella Persia,

ossia L 'Ester, 14 7-8 Diwald, Franz, 286 Djurgaden (nr Stockholm), 327 Dlabac,Jan Bohumir, Allgemeines historisches

Kiinstler-Ltxikon, 209 Dobson, Thomas, 371 Doctrine of the Affections, II Donizetti, Gaetano, 55 Douglass, David, 376 Dresden, 104, 188, 190, 193, 195, 198, 213,

240,241,245,246-7,259,309 Electoral court at, 240

Drottningholm Theatre, 330, 332 Dublin, 8, 193 Dubos, Abbe, Riflexions critiques, 62 Duclos, Antoine Jean, 70 Duni, Egidio, 6, 92

Lts deux chasseurs et Ia laitiere/ Das Mildmiidchen, I 78

Duphly,Jacques, Pieces de clavecin, 80 Duport (cellist), 78 Duport, Jean-Louis, 77 Duport, Jean-Pierre, 77 Durang,John, 374, 378 Durante, Francesco, 23, 203 Durazzo, Count Giacomo, 104, 108, 110,

Ill, 112-13, 115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 121, 346 n.9

Armida, 117 Ltttre sur le michanisme de l'opira ltalien, 116,

117 L 'innocenza giustificata, 116

Dusek, Frantisek Xaver, 207, 210 Dusek, [Duscheck],Josefa, 210,211 Dussek,Jan Ladislav, 82, 206 Dusseldorf, 215 Dutillieu, Pierre, 162 Dvorak, Antonin, 198

Eberlin, Johann Ernst, 169, 170, 172, 173, 182, 183

400

Sigismundus, Hungariae rex, 172 education, musical, 40-45, 171-2, 196-8,

361-2 Benedictine school dramas, I 71-2 conservatories, 10, 22, 23, 38,40-45, 81,82

Egerman, B., 208 Ehrensvard, G.J., 333 Eisenstadt, 120, 268, 270, 271, 277, 281, 288

Esterhazy palace at, 276 Elbe, River, 241 emp.findsamer Stil, I~, 250-52, 254, 339 ErdiSdy, Count Ladislaus, 288 Ernst II, Duke of Gotha, 260 Esterhazy, Prince (Paul) Anton, 270, 278 Esterhazy, Franz, 99, 110, Ill Ester hazy, Prince Nikolaus, 269 Esterhazy, Prince Nikolaus I ('the

magnificent'), 121, 123, 132, 269, 270, 271,272-3,275,278-80,281,282, 283,284,286,287,288,289,290

Esterh:izy, Prince Nikolaus II, 270, 290-91 Esterhazy, Prince Paul, 269 Esterhazy, Prince Paul Anton, 120, 121, 129,

269, 270, 271, 278 Esterh:izy family, 132, 146, 269-71, 290 Esteve y Grimau, Pablo, 358 Esterhaza,2,8,228,268,270,277,278-82,

283,284,285,286, 287,28~288,289, 290

Eximeno, Antonio, 362

Fabris, Pietro, 21 Falckner,Justus, 369 Farinelli [Broschi, Carlo], 71, 352-4

Fiestas reales en el reinado de Fernando VI, 352 Farnese, Elisabetta [Isabel, Queen of Spain],

352 Faro, 182 Fasch, Carl Friedrich Christian, 249 Favart, Charles Simon, 91, 93, Ill, 113

La chercheuse d'esprit, 112 Lts amours champetres, 113 Lts amours de Bastien et Bastienne, 113

Feo, Francesco, 5 Arsace, 28

Ferdinand, Archduke of Tuscany, 184 Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick, 247 Ferdinand, Governor of Milan, 159 Ferdinand I, King of Naples, 24, 34, 39, 289 Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor, 189 Ferdinand VI, King of Spain, 350, 351, 352,

353, 354, 355 'New Order' of 1756, 351

Fernandez de Moratin, Leandro, 358 Ferrandini, Giovanni Battista, 234 Ferraresi del Bene, Adriana, 155 Fielding, Henry, 2 Fils [Filtz], Anton, 189, 216, 225, 229 Finck, Heinrich, 166 Fink, Robert, 163 n.6

Finland, 329, 346 n.3 Firmian, Leopold Anton Eleuthnerius, Baron

von, 167 Firmian, Leopold Ernst, Bishop of Passau,

177 Fischer, C.A., 363 Fischer, Ferdinand, symphonies, 247 Fischer,J.C., 312 Fischer, Johann Christian, 309 Fischer, Ludwig, 236 n.l9 Fischietti, Domenico, 194

Vologeso, rr tk pam, 199 Fiskartorpet (The Fisherman's Hut) (nr

Stockholm), 327 Flipart, C.-J ., 353 Florence, 47, 53, 56, 57, 161, 162 Fontenelle, B., 63, 332 Foppa, Giuseppe, 54

Caito, 51 fortepiano, 81 Framery, Nicolas Etienne, 92 Francisco de Sayas,Juan, MUsica can6nica,

~uncaysagrada,352 Francis Stephen, Emperor (also Duke of

Lorraine), 101, 102, 104, 112 121 Francoeur, Fran~is, 192 Frankfurt, 161, 241, 278 Franklin, Benjamin, 369, 371, 374, 376 Franklin, Sally, 374 Franklin, William Temple, 379 Frederick II (Frederick the Great), King of

Prussia, I, 4, 101, 192, 193, 215, 240, 242-6,247,249,250,253,259,263, 330

Frederick [Friedrich] III, Duke of Saxe­Gotha, 194

Frederick Augustus, Elector of Saxony, 246, 247

Frederick [Friedrich] Wilhelm II, King of Prussia, 259, 263

Frederick [Friedrich] Wilhelm III, King of Prussia, 264

Frederick the Great: see Frederick II freemasonry,69,242,333,342

AIIIIUilirr tk la Sociiu Olympique pour 1786, 69 Societe de Ia Loge Olympique, 69 'Zur wahren Eintraaht' (lodge), 289

French Revolution (1789), I, 38, 63, 69, 72, 75, 76,81,82,83,85,87,94,95,96, 158, 262, 322

Revolutionary Convention, 65 Friberth, Carl, 271, 273 Frigel, Per, 346 n.l5 Froimont,Jean Clemens de, 214 Fuchs, Johann Nepomuk, 270 Fuentes, G., 13 Furlanetto, Bonaventura, 44 Fiimberg, Baron Karl Joseph von, 120 Fux, Johann Joseph, 108, 171, 192, 203, 204,

273

Index

Costanza e Forteua, 198, 199 Gradus ad PanuuSIIIII, 108 Pastorrs evangelk;o vobis, 205

Gabriel, Prince (of Spain), 354 Gabrielli, Caterina, 118 Gainsborough, Thomas, 299, 309 galant style, 250-51, 254, 305, 340 Galitzin: see Golitsin Galliari, Fabrizio, 19 Galli-Bibiena, Alessandro, 215,221, 224 Galli-Bibiena, Giuseppe, 198, 199 Gallini, Giovanni, 309 Galuppi, Baldassare, 6, 43, 48-50, 119, 194,

199,222 Artaserse, I 05 Iljilosofo di campagna, 49, 305 L'Arcadia in Brenta, 48

Garcia Fajer, Francisco Javier, 352 Garrick, David, 117 Gartner [Gartner], Antonfn, 204 Gasparini, Francesco, 41 Gassmann, Florian, 129, 132, 133, 139, 146,

148,286 Gli uccellatori, 199-200 La Betulia liberata, 14 7 La notte crinca, 138

Gavinies, Pierre, 76 Gay,John, 1M Beggar's Opera, 306,376 Gayer, KrystofKare1, 203 Gazzaniga, Giuseppe, 286 Gebler, Tobias Philipp von, Thamos, Konig in

AegJjlten, 177, 261 Geertz, Clifford, 235 n.12 Gelinek Uellnek],Josef, 193 Gellert, Christian Fiirchtegott, 122, 254,

255 Geminiani, Francesco, 68,306,310,317,375 Genzinger, Marianne von, 148, 149, 289 Genzinger, Peter von, 148, 300 George I, King of England, 247 George II, King of England, 294 George III, King of England, 291, 300, 319,

322 Georgia, USA, Moravian Church in, 193 Gerber, Ernst Ludwig, 290 Germain, Lord George, 319 Gessner, Salomon, 253 Geyser, J.G., 256 Ghezzi, Pier Leone, !J6 Giacomo, Salvatore di, 36 Giardini, Felice de, 293, 305, 309, 312 Gibbon, Edward, 308 Giebichenstein, 263 Ginguene, Pierre-Louis, 77 Giroust, Fran~is, 84 Gloucester, Three Choirs' Festival, 321 Gluck, Christoph Willibald von, 3, 6, 15, 50,

51, 87, 91,93-5, 99, 105, 110, 112-16, 117, 118, 119, 126, 129, 132, 133, 194,

4{)1

The Classical Era

199,204,222,223,249,261,268, 284,305,306,334,336,339

Alceste, 31, 53, 94, 122, 133, 155, 334 Ann~,94,95, 105,334 Donj~~~m, 114-15, 118, 129, 133, 145 E;:.io, 199 ll PaT711lSo confuso, 116, 161 lphiginU en Aul~, 94, 334 lphiginU en Tauritie, 53, 94, 334 lssipile, 199 Lafausse esclavt1, 109 La Semiram~ riconosciuta, 104 Le cinesi, 112 Le diable a quatre, 120 L 'i7U10C171.VJ giustiji&ata, 116 L'ivrogne corrigi, 114, 118 Orfto ed Euridice, 115, 117, 122, 132, 133,

147, 257, 333, 334, 346 n.9 Orpkie, 94 'reform' operas, 15, 31, 50, 58, 91, 94, 104,

115-18, 122, 334 'Tendre Agathe'/A01 regina caelorum, 109

Gluck,~arianne,ll7 Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 179, 254,

255-6,257,262,264,278,286 Claudine von Villa Bella, 25 7, 263 Das Veilchm, 255 Der Erlkiinig, 255 Die ~ des jrmgm Wnthers, 252, 253 Erwin und Elmire, 262, 264

Goldoni, Carlo, 40, 45, 43-50, 91 If filosofo di campagna, 49 La buona jigliuola, 48 La contessina, 48, 49 L 'Arcadia in Brenta, 48 Lo spe;:.iale, 2M

Goldsmith, Oliver, 2 Golits'in [Galitzin], Prince Dimitri, -130, 141 Gonella,Francesco,lodDuka,55,56,57 GOrbig, Johann Anton, 204 Gordon Riots (1780), 300 Gore family, 296 Gossec, Franc;ois-Joseph, 62, 68, 71, 72, 74-5,

76,79,84 La nativiti, M Muse des morts, 69, M

Gotha (Thuringia), 252, 260, 261, 262 'Gothic' style, 51 Gotter, Friedrich Wilhelm, 261

Romeo und Julia, 261 Walder, 261

GOttingen, 335 Gottsched,Johann Christoph, 256 Goya, Francisco, 363 Graffigny, ~me de, 110 Gramont, Duke of, 73 Granada Cathedral, 352 grand motet, 83-5, 96 Graun, Carl Heinrich, 204, 245-6, 247, 248,

253, 263, 341

402

Der Todjesu, 250,253 Le ftste galanti, 250, 263 Monte;:.uma, 246

Graun,Johann Gottlieb, 248 Gray, Thomas, 59 n.8, 24 Graz, 47, 166 Great, 45, 300 Greece, Ancient, music of, 317 Greene, ~aurice, 294 Gretry, Andli-Ernest-~odeste, 3, 93, 332

LeHuron, 93 Lucile, 333 Mimoires ou Essau sur Ia musique, 92 Rkhard Coeur-de-Lion, 92,93 Zlmire It A;:.or, 83, 93

Griepel, Johann Franz, 116 Griesinger, Georg August, Ill, 274, 275, 277 Griffith, Elizabeth, 372 Grimm, Friedrich ~elchior, Baron von, 260

Le petit prophete de Boehmuchbroda, 224 Griner,Joseph, 173 Gripsholm Castle, theatre at, 332 Grua, Carlo Pietro, 224

La clemen;:.a di Tito, 222 M~/Cambue, 222

Grundmann,Johann Basilius, 274, 274 Guadagni, Gaetano, 117 Guardasoni, Domenico, 201 Guemenee, Prince of, 71 Guenin, ~arie-Alexandre, 7~ Guerrero, Antonio, 355 Guglielmi, Pietro Alessandro, 305

La sposa ftdele/ Robert und Kallute oder Der Triumph tier Liebe, 137

Guignon, Jean-Pierre, 76 Guillemain, Louis-Gabriel, 68, 76 Gumpenhuber, Philipp, 119 Gustavus II Adolf, King of Sweden, 337, 338 Gustavus III, King of Sweden, 329--42, 345 Gustavus IV Adolf, King of Sweden, 329, 345 Gustavus Wasa, King of Sweden, 337, 338 Gyrowetz Ulrovec], Adalbert, 132, 143-4,

193 symphonies, 143, 151

Haas, Peter, 243 Habermann, FrantiSek, 205

Philomela pia, 203 Habsburglands,JOO, 102,134,135,166,189,

269 Hafeneder,Joseph, 171, 173, 174, 176, 182 Haffenecker, Anton, 196 Haffner, Elisabeth, 176 Haga Palace (nr Stockholm), 334 Hagenauer, Cajetan, 176, 183 Hagenauer, Johann Lorenz, 176 Hague, The, 110 Hallam, Lewis, 376, 377

family of, 376, 377, 378 Halle, 264

1iamburg,241,247,248,251,252,260 Nationaltheater, 135 opera company, 258

Jiamilton, Governor, 376 Jiandel, George Frideric, 3, 68, 77, 130,204,

249,263,294,297,306,310,314,317, 318,320,321-2,341,375

Acis and Galatea, 339 Alexander's Feast, 147 Giulio Cesare in Egito, 306 Jephtha, 203, 320 Judas Maccabaeus, 320 L 'Allegro, 306 Messiah, 247, 320, 322 Samson, 320 Semele, 320 Susanna, 306, 320 TeDeum, 321

Jiandel Commemoration (1784), 293, 321-2 Jiandel festivals, 321 Jianover, 241,247, 248 Jiarburg (Swabia), 194 Jiarmoniemusik, 195, 207-9 harpischord, 80 Jiarrach, Count von, 110 Jiarrach, Franz Anton, Prince von; Hi7 Jiarrop, Sarah, 312, 320 Jiasse,Johann Adolf, 3, 41, 71, 104, 105, 139,

146194,203,204,222,245,246,249, 259,263,283,320

Antigono, 29--30 Demofoonte, 103 lpermestra, 101 La conversione di S Agostino, 246

Jiassy, P. Johannes, 176 Jiaugwitz, Count Friedrich Wilhelm, 108 Jiawkins,John, 300,317,318,319 Jiay, Richard, 310 Jiaydn,Joseph, I, 7, 10, II, 33, 64, 65, 75, 99,

101, 105, 106, 108, Ill, 120, 122-3, 129, 132, 139--40, 146, 148, 149, 150, 151, 158, 174, 194, 207' 225, 227' 228, 229, 230,249,268-91,305,311,313,316, 318,336,341,354,356,375

Acide, 278, 282 Applausus, 282 Armida, 287 baryton trios, 282 cantatas, 278, 282 concertos, 277 Creation, The, 130, 132, 133, 291 Da qual gioja improviso, 278 Der krumme Teufel, 101, 110, Ill Die Feuersbrunst, 287 divertimentos, 208; H 11:16, 209 Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser, 14 n.2 II mondo della luna, 287 II rilorno di Tobia, 146, 147, 282 keyboard sonatas, 282; op.30, 288; in A H

XVI:5, Ill; in E flat H XVI:49, 290

Index

Laftdelta premiata, 287 La Marchesa Nespola, 278 La vera costanza, 287 Lt pescatrici, 284 lieder, 288 L 'inftdelta delusa, 284 L 'isola disabitata, 287 Lo speziale, 284 masses, 160--61; Missa Cellensis, 140, 281:

Missa in honorem BVM ('Great Organ Mass'), 281; Missa Sancti Nicolai, 281

Orlando paladino, 287 piano trios, 288 Qual dubbio ormai, 278 Seasons, The, 130, 132, 291 Stabat mate~, 283 string quartets, 120--21, 280; op.9, 282;

op.17, 282; op.20, 121,282, 283; op.33, 151, 288; op.50, 290; op.51 (Seven Last Words), 289; op.54, 290; op.55, 290; op.64, 290

symphonies, 68, 310, 311, 341; nos.6-8 ('Le matin', 'Le midi', 'Le soir'), 120, 271, 276; no.30 ('AIIeluja'), 277; no.31 ('Jiornsignal'), 277; nos.44-6 (no.45 'Farewell'), 283; no.52, 283; no.54, 283; no.60 ('II distratto'), 177; nos.82-7 ('Paris'), 69, 290; nos.95-6, 142

Te Deum, 278 Jiaydn (nee Keller), Maria Anna, 273, 281 Jiaydn (nee Lipp), Maria Magdalena, 183 Jiadyn, Michael, 167, 170--71, 172, 173, 174,

176, 180, 182, 183, 184 Abels Tod, 177 Cassation P90, 183 Heilige Gesang, 180 Missa S Dominici, 176 Serenade P87, 182 symphonies: P7, 182; P9--11, 183 TeDeum, 176 Trumpet concertos P34 and deest, 175 Zaire, (incidental music), 178

Jiayford (oboist), 309 Iiebelt, Wenzel, 173 Jiefele, Melchior, 279 Jieidelberg, 213 Jiellendaal, Pieter, 310, 312 Jienry,John, 378 Jierder,Johann Gottfried, 256, 257

Brutus, 257 Jiereford, Three Choirs' Festival, 321 Jiermenegild, Princess Maria, 291 Jiijar, Duke of, 361 Jiildburghausen: see Saxe-Jiildburghausen Jiillegas, Michael, 371 Jiiller,Johann Adam, 136,249,258-9, 261,

263 Diejagd, 259, 265 n.21 Lottchtn am Hoje, 178

Jiillestrom, Pehr (the elder), 333, 341

403

The Classical Era

Hilverding, Franz, 110, 113, 114, 115, 122 Laforce du sang, 115 Le lure ginireux, 115

Hippisley,John, Flora, 376 Hoffmann, E.T.A., 264 Hoffmeister, Franz Anton, 149 Hofhaimer, Paul, 166 Hofmann, Leopold, 174 Hofrnannsthal, Hugo von, 99 Hohenems, Marcus Sitticus von, Archbishop

ofSalzburg, 166 Holy, Ondi'ej Frantisek, 201 Holy Roman Empire, I, 2, 213, 269, 272, 278 Holzhauer, lgnaz,216,222,225,228-9, 236

n.20 Gunther von Schwarzburg, 219, 223-4

Hook, James, 314 Hopkinson, Francis, 369-70, 372-3, 374,

379-80 America Independent, or The Temple of Minerva,

379 My days have been so wondrous free, 379 Seven Songs for the Harpsichord or Forte Piano,

379 Horemans, Peter Jakob, 233 Howe, Lord, 319 Hradec Knilove,Jesuit Gymnasium, 210 Hubner, Lorenz, 178 Huescar, Francisco de Paula de Silva, Duke

of, 355 Hullmandel, Nicolas, 81 Hummel, Johann Nepomuk, 161,270

Iberian Peninsual, 351, 359, 361, 364 Iffiand, August Wilhelm, 179 Imbault,Jean-Jerome, 143 Immyns,John, 318 industrial revolution, 9 lnnsbruck, 215 instruments, development of, 66, 81, 82,

371-2 L'art dufaiseur d'instruments de musique et de

lutherie, 81 intermezzo, 47--8 Iriarte, Tomas de, 356 Isabel [Farnese, Elisabetta ], Queen of Spain,

352 Isabella, Princess (of Parma), 8, 117

Jacob, Gunther, 205 Jacobi, Friedrich, 213 Jacquin, Baron Gottfried von, 188 Jadot, Nicolas, 104 Jaen Cathedral, 352 Jahrbuch der Tonkunstfur Wien und Prag, 1796,

130 Janovka, Tomas Baltazar, 209

Clavis ad thesaurum magnae artis musicae, 209 Jaromerice, 195 Jean Paul [Richter,J.P.F.], 264

404

Jefferson, Thomas, 380 daughters of, 380

Jelinek: see Gelinek Jena, Collegium Musicum, 248 Jicin, Jesuit College, 197 Jfrovec: see Gyrowetz Johnson, Dr Samuel, 315 Jommelli, Nicolo, 23, 32-3, 44, 222, 230--31,

237 n.42, 261, 305, 320 Armida abbandonata, 32 Demofoonte, 32 lfigenia in Au/ide, 236 n.l7 /figenia in Tauride, 32

Jones, William (ofNayland, Suffolk), 318 Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor, 7, 8, 99,

101,102,106,108,116,118,121,122, 130, 133, 134-40, 148, 152-4, 154, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 177, 179, 190, 191, 192,215,246,278,288

Edict ofToleration, 139 Journal de musique, 68, 69, 80, 91, 92 Journal des Luxus und der Moden (Weimar), 150 Journal von und fur Deutschland ( 1791), 161

Karl August, Duke (of Weimar), 241 Kaunitz, Prince Wenzel, 110,115,119,121,

134, 153 Keiser, Reinhard, 258 Kellgren, Johan Henrik, 338, 343

Aeneas i Carthago, 336 Gustav Adolf och Ebha Brake, 338 Gustaj Wasa, 337

Kelly, Michael, 148, 150 Reminiscences, 148, 150, 152

Khevenhtiller,JohannJoseph, 99, 107, 110, Ill

Kiev, 193 Kirnberger, Johann Philipp, 245

Die Kunst des reinen Satzes, 245 Kittsee (nr Bratislava), 277 Klein, Anton, Gunther von Schwarzhurg,

223-4 Kleiner, Salomon, 119 Klopstock, Friedrich, 254

Messias, 252 Koch, Heinrich Gottfried, 258, 259 Koczwara, Frantisek, The Battle of Prague, 192,

298 Kolb, Herr, 181 Konigsberg, 262 Kosmonosy, Piarist Gymnasium, 197, 202 Kotzebue, August Friedrich Ferdinand von,

179 Kozeluch, Johann Antonfn, 204

Alessandro neli'Indie, 200 Easter oratorios, 205

Kozeluch, Leopold, 132, 149, 193, 204 Krafft, Barbara, 117 Krafft, Per (the elder), 342 Kramar, Frantisek [Krommer, Franz], 193

Kraus, Joseph Martin, 335, 336, 339, 341, 343, 345

Aeneas i Carthago, 335, 336 Begravningskantata for Gustav III (funeral

cantata), 345 Proserpina, 332, 335

Krause, Christian Gottfried, Von der musikalischen Poesie, 254

Kreutzer, Rodolphe, Lodoiska, 55 Krommer, Franz [Kramar, Frantisek), 193 Kuenburg, Max Gandolfvon, Archbishop of

Salzburg, 167 Kuks, 195 Kurz [Bernardon, Kurz-Bernardon), Joseph

von, 110, Ill, 122,200 Der krumme Teufel, 110

Kurz, Franziska, Ill, 121 Ki.isel, Melchior, 169

'La Caramba' (singer), 360 Lacepede, Count of, La poitique de la musique,

63-4 La Chevardiere, Louis-Balthazar de, 64, 65,

76 Lacombe, Spectacle des beaux-arts, 84 Lalande, Michel-Richard de, 84 Lalli, Domenico, Elisa, 47 La Luzerne, Chevalier de, 373, 379 Langani (violonist), 309 La Poupliniere, Alexandre-Jean-Joseph Le

Riche de, 71-2, 75, 86 Lare,t y Alcazar, Luis, 357 L 'art dufaiseur d'instruments de musique et de

lutherie ( 1785), 81 Laserna, Bias de, 355, 358 Latilla, Gaetano, 44, 47

La jinta cameriera, 4 7 Madama Ciana, 47

Laube, Anton,.204 Laxenburg, palace at, 112 Lazanska, Countess Marie Gabriela, 194 Lebrun, Alexander, 216 Le chinois poli en F ranee, 112 Leclair, Jean-Marie, (l'ainl), 3, 76

Violin sonatas, 77 Leduc, Simon, 76 Lee, Lieutenant, 373 Leipzig, 240, 241, 249,.256, 258-9, 263, 282,

309 Gewandhaus, 249 Gewandhaus concerts, 249 Grosses Konzert, 249 Liebhaber-Concerte, 249

Leo,Leonardo,5, 195,203,263 Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor, 108 Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (also King

of Bohemia; Grand Duke of Tuscany), 122, 145, 157-62, 200, 201

Lesage, Alain-Rene, 91 Lessing, Gotthold Ephraim, 254

Index

Le Sueur,Jean-Fran<;ois, 84--5 Histoire suivie de Ia Rlsurrection, 84

Leutgeb, Joseph lgnaz, 119, 173, 277 Lid6n, Jose, 356 Liechtenstein, Prince, 269 Liechtenstein, Jakob Ernst, Count von, 167 lied, 254-6, 264, 341; see also song,

solo First Berlin School of Lieder, 254-5

Ligniville, Eugene, Marquis of, 171 Linka [Linek),Jifi Ignac, 197-8 Linley, Thomas (father and son), 306 Linne, Carl von, 340 Linz, 106

castle at, 93 Lipp, Franz Ignaz, 170 Lisbon, 5, 8, 54, 85 Literes, Antonio, 351 Litomysl, theatre at, 201 Ljubljana, 5 Lobkowicz, family, 202 Locatelli, Giovanni Battista, 194, 199, 200 Lodron family, 176--7, 181 Loehmann, Norbert lgnaz, 203 Logroscino, Nicola, 36 Lohelius, Joannes [Oehlschlagel, Joseph),

203,205 Lolli, Giuseppe, 170, 183 London,2,3,4,5, 7,8, 11,47,53, 74,85, 127,

140, 141, 142, 149, 155, 158, 167, 193, 220,242,262,263,268,277,282,288, 293-323,356,363,370,374,378,380

Academy of Ancient Music ('Vocal Music'), 140,294,307,311,317,318, 320

Almack's, 308, 310 Anacreontic Society, 321 'ancient music' concerts, 314-22 Bach-Abel Concerts, 309-11, 318, 320 benefit concerts, 311-13 Caecilian Society, 321 Carlisle House, Soho Square, 310 Castle Concerts, 307 Castle Tavern, 307 Catch Club (Noblemen and Gentlemen's

Catch Club), 307, 318, 319, 320, 321 Chapel Royal, 101, 294, 317, 318 Concentores Society, 321 Concert of Ancient Music (Ancient

Concerts), 309,311,319-20,321-2 Corelli's Head, 317 Covent Garden Theatre, 303, 304, 306 Crown and Anchor, Arundel Street, 307 Dean Street, 312 Drury Lane Theatre, 303 Freemasons' Hall, 312, 318, 321 Glee Club, 321 Handel Commemoration ( 1784), 293,

321-2 Handelian Society, 321

405

The Classical Era

Hanover Square Rooms, 308, 309,310,311, 312

Hanover Square Wednesday Concerts, 311 Haymarket, 303 Hickford's Rooms, james Street (later

Brewer Street), 307, 308, 310, 311 King's Music, 294 King's Theatre, 43, 127, 303, 304-6, 307,

309,323 London Tavern, 308 Lord Chamberlain's Office, 294 Madrigal Society, 307,318--19 Musical Union, 320 Noblemen and Gentlemen's Catch Club,

307,318,319,320,321 Opera of the Nobility, 304 Pantheon, Oxford Street, 307, 308, 309, 311,

312, 321 Philharmonic Society, 307, 309, 323 Professional Concerts, 140, 289, 311, 323 Promenade Concerts, 314 Ranelagh Gardens, Chelsea, 313, 314,316 Royal Academy (opera), 304 Sadler's Wells, Clerkenwell, 313 St Cecilia Society, 294 Stationers' Hall, 307 Thatched House Tavern, 319 Vauxhall' Gardens, Lambeth, 306, 313, 314,

315 Westminster, 301, 322 Westminster Abbey, 321, 322 York Buildings, Strand, 307, 308

Lorenzi, Giambattista, 37 Liischenkohl, Hieronymus, 160 Lotti, Antonio, 195, 203 Louis XIV, King of France, 61, 83, 85, 101,

121,215,293,301,350 Louis XV, King of France, 61, 69, 92, 121

family of, 69 Louis XVI, King of France, 7, 69, 71 Lovisa Ulrika, Queen of Sweden, 330,331, 332 Luis Antonio, Prince (of Spain), 354 Lukavec (nr Plzen), 194, 208, 271 Lully,Jean-Baptiste, 62, 83, 85, 86, 87, 89, 91,

95 Liitzow, Countess, 177 Luzan, Ignacio de, 355 Lyon, james, 370 Lysa, 195

Maddaloni, Duke of, 34 Madin, Henri, 84 Madrid, 8, 350-61

Alcazar Aranjuez, 352, 354, 359 Buen Retiro, 352 Capilla Real, 351 Casita de arriba, 354 Descalzas Reales monastery, 351 El Escorial, 354 Encarnacion monastery, 351

406

Prado, 355 'Prince's Room', 354 Teatro de Ia Cruz, 356-7, 358 Teatro del Principe, 356-7 Teatro de los Caiios del Peral, 356, 361

Magdeburg,253 magic opera, 256 Majo, Giuseppe de, II sogno d'Olimpia, 25 Malaga Cathedral, 352 MiUaren, Lake, 327 Maldere, Pierre van, 119 Malmstedt, Anna Maria, 333 Mancini (composer), 203 Manetfn, 194 Manfredini, Vincenzo, 6 Mannheim, 8, 74, 189, 193,207,213-33, 235

n.S, 247, 257, 335 Academia Theodoro-Palatina, 215 arts academies, 215 Churfiirstliche deutsche Gesellschaft, 223 Concert des Amateurs, 234 Electoral Palace, 214, 215, 221-2, 224, 226;

opera house in, 215, 220, 221-2 Jesuit church, 224 Nationaltheater, 223, 224, 234, 236 n.26 Rittersaal (Knights' Hall), 218, 225, 226,

227 University of, 235 n.2

Mannheim orchestra, 218, 220, 225, 228fT Mannheim 'school' of composers, 72, 73, 75,

189,228--33 Mansfeld,J.E., 107 Manzuoli, Giovanni, 19, 19 Mara, Gertrud Elisabeth, 302, 305 Marchand, Heinrich, 184 Marchand, Louis, 82 Marchesi, Luigi, 22, 55--8, 156 Marcola, Marco,35 Maria Barbara, Queen of Spain, 352, 353, 354 Maria Luisa, Empress (of Austria, and Queen

ofParma), 162, 356 Marianska Tynice, 194 Maria Theresa, Archduchess (later Empress),

188,291 Maria Theresa, Empress, I, 99, 101, 102, 102,

104,107,108,109,110, Ill, 121,122,134, 138, 139, 148, 160, 161, 190, 191, 192, 204,205,270,280,284

'Norma' (1752), Ill Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 7, 85 Marie-Josephe of Saxony, Dauphine, 69, 71 marionette operas, 282, 286, 287 Marmontel, Jean-Franc;ois, Les Incas, 333 Marpurg, Friedrich Wilhelm, 245

Abhandlrmg von der Fuge, 77 Marsh, john, 296,297, 301,302 Marteau, Xavier, 146 Martin, Franc;ois, 73, 74 Martinelli, A.E., 279 Martinez, 358

Martini, Johann Paul Aegidius, Plaisir d'amour, 85

Martini, Padre Giovanni Battista, 19, 171, 179

Martfn y Soler, Vicente, 6, 23 Mason, William, Elfrida, 33 Mattheson, Johann, Das neu-eriiffnete Orchestre,

82 Maximilian Friedrich, Elector of Cologne, 194 Maximilian III Joseph, Elector of Bavaria,

224,233,234 Mayr, Giovanni Simone, 54-5

Lodoiska, 55, 56, 58 Saifo, 54-5

Mehul, Etienne-Nicolas, 81 Meissner, Joseph, 172 melodrama, 189, 260-61 Mendelssohn, Felix, 3 Mercier, Louis-Sebastien, Tableau de Paris, 69 Mercure de France, 66, 68, 87 Mergellina (Bay of Naples), 22 Metastasio, Pietro, 17, 25, 37, 53, 90, 101-5,

115, 116, 117, 122, 146, 154,223,246, 3"06

Adriano in Siria, 25 Alessandro nell'lndie, 27 Artaserse, I 05 Betulia liberata, 14 7 Demofoonte, 53, 103 Didone abbandonata, 25, 33 Ezio, 24 lpermestra, 101 La clemenza di Tito, 222 Le cinesi, 103, 112 L'Olimpiade, 53

Meude-Monpas, Chevalier de, Dictionnaire de musique, 75

Meyerbeer, Giacomo, 338 Meytens, Martin van (the younger), 8, 102 Mfca, Frantisek Antonfn, 195, 205, 207

L'origine dijaromeriz in Moravia, 190 Michelessi, Abbe Domenico, 336 Milan, 10, 19, 122

La Scala, 56, 128 Milcinsk}', Daniel Alois Frantisek, Pastorella a

3,205 Minguet y Yrol, Pablo, 361 Miranda, Francesco de, 374 Mis6n, Luis, 355, 360 Mlada Boleslav, 198 Moliere, 87, 115 Molinari, Gaetano, 199 Miilk, Councillor, 181 Moller, John, 371, 375 Mondonville,Jean-Joseph Cassanea de, 79,

84 Pieces tk clavecin en sonates, 79

Mongotti, Pietro, 199 Moniuszko, Stanislaw, Halka, 336 Monk of Salzburg, 166

Index

Monsigny, Pierre-Alexandre, 93, 137, 332 Le maitre en droit, 13 7 Rose et Colas, 93

Montagu, John, Earl of Sandwich, 319-20 Monteverdi, Claudio, Oifeo, 166-7 Moore, Major T. 1., 379 Mgravia, 189, 191, 208 Moritz, Karl Philipp, Anton &iser, 265 n.21 Morning Herald (London), !55 Morzin, Count Karl, 194, 208, 271, 273 Moscow, 193 Mouret,Jean.Joseph, 91 Mozart (nee Weber), Constanze, 236 n.l9 Mozart, Leopold, 4, 126, 141, 142, 143, 145,

151, 167, 169, 170, 171, 173-4, 176, 178, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 184, 213, 219,225,228,308

Applausus 176 Missa brevis, in C, 170 Missa brevis, in F, 170 Musical Sleigh Ride, The, 173 Peasant Wedding, The, 173 serenades, I 7 4 'Toy' Symphony, 174 Trumpet Concerto, 175

Mozart, Maria Anna, 178, 183, 218-19, 223, 227, 233, 235, 236 n.27

Mozart, Maria Anna ('Nannerl'), 71, 178, 181, 183

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 3, 4, 7, 32-3, 64, 68, 71, 75, 80, 101, 105, 106, 108, 118, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 133, 137-8, 139-40, 141--6, 147, 148, 150, 152, 154, 158, 161, 162, 166, 167, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 174-5, 177,178, 179, 180, 182, 183, 184, 189, 196, 200, 203, 205, 209, 210-11, 218-19, 223, 224,225,227,229,232,233,234,236 (n.l9, n.27, n.32), 237 n.43, 261, 277, 288,305,308,310,336

Apollo et Hyacinthus, 172 Bastien et Bastienne, 113 Cassations, K63, K99/63a, KI00/62a, deest,

182 Concerto for flute and harp K299/297c,

75 'Coronation' Mass K317, 109, 160 Cosifan tulle, 153, 154-7 Davidde penitente, 146 Der Schauspieldirektor, 154 Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail, 123, 137, 138,

178, 179, 200, 236 n.19, 262 Die Zauberjfiite, 12, 13, II 0, 145, 178, 179,

262, 264, 333, 336, 341 Divertimentos: K213, K320, 174; K247,

K334/320b, 176; K13J, 183 Don Giovanni, 115, 133, 145, 157, 179, 188,

196, 200, 210, 211 Exsultate jubilate, I 7 6 'Hadyn' string quartets op.IO, 151-2, 288

407

The Classical Era

Hom concertos K412/386b, K417, K447, K495, 119, 173

ldomenetJ, 223, 234, 236 n.l9, 262 ll re pastore, 236 n.28 Inter natos mrdierum, K72/74j, 175 Kyrie in D minor K34l/368a, 160 La c/.emertta di Tito, 13, 133, 145, 153, 155,

196, 201, 211, 265 n.29 Le noz_te di Figaro, 109, 129, 145, 153, 179,

188, 196, 200, 210, 290 Litany Kl25, 171 Masses: in C K66, 171, 176: in C minor

Kl39/47a, 171; in D Kl94/186h, 176; in C K317 ('Coronation'), 109, 160; inC minor K427/417a, 146, 159; Requiem K626, 158, 159-60

Oboe Quartet K370/368b, 234 Piano concertos: in E flat K449, 143; in G

K453, 145; in D minor K466, 142, 145; inC K467, 145; in E flat K482, 145; in c K503, 145

Piano Quartets K478, K493, 150 Quintet for piano and winds K452, 144 Requiem, 158, 159-60 Serenades: Kl85/167a, 174, 176, 183; K203/

189b, 183; K204/213a, 174; K250/248b ('Haffner'), 176

Sinfonia concertante for four wind instruments K279b, 75

String Quartets op.lO ('Haydn'); K387, K421/417b, K428/42lb, K458, K464, K465, 151-2,288

Symphonies, 341; Kl6, Kl9, K22, K43, K45, K48, 182;K73-200/189k, 183;KA22l/ 45a, KA223/19a, 182; no.31 K297/300a ('Paris'), 132, 232; no.35 K385 ('Haffner'), 143; no.36 K425 ('Linz'), 143, 181

Thamos, Konig in Aegyptm, 177, 261 Zaiile, 261

Muftat,<;eorg,3, 167,172 Muffat, Gotdieb, 192 Miihlen, Heinrich, 369 Miiller, Caroline, 336 Munich, 106,126,183,184,224,228,233-4

Music Instrument Museum, 235 n.8 Residenztheater, 234

Musikaliskt Tidsfiirdriv (anthology), 342 Musorgsky, Modest Petrovich, Boris Godunov,

336 Muzzarrelli, Antonio, Il Capitano Cook agli

Ottaiti, 162 MysliveCek, Josef, 20, 174, 203, 207

Bellerojo'flle, 200

Naples, 7, 20-39, 44, 45, 46-7, 52, 127, 271 Accademia de' Cavalieri, 22 Casino di Delizia, 22 conservatories, 22, 23, 38 Fiorentini theatre, 34

Fondo theatre, 34 Nuovo theatre, 34 Palazzo Reale, 25 Teatro della Pace, 34 Teatro di San Carlino, 34 Teatro di San Carlo, 22, 23, 24, 32, 33, 34,

39 Naples, Bay of, 21, 22 Napoleon I, Emperor of France, 2, 39 Napoleonic Wars, 1, 346 Nardini, Pietro, 22 Narodil se Kristus Pan (carol), 205 Nasolini, Sebastiana, Teseo a Stige, 162 National anthems, 2 Naumann, Johann Gotdieb, 246,339,342,

345 Cora och Alon.e;o, 333 GustafWasa, 337,337, 339, 345

Nebra,Jose, 351,354 Neckar, River, 213 Needler, Henry, 317 Neefe, Christian Gotdob, 252, 259 Nemeeek [Niemetschek], Frantisek Xaver,

200, 211 Leben des k k Kapellmeisters Wolfgang Gottlieb

Mo~rt nach Originalquellm beschriebm, 209

Neukomm, Sigismund, 184 Neusiedler See, 280 Newcasde upon Tyne, 302 New England, 369 Newman, William, 250 New York, 8, 368, 376 Nicolai, Friedrich, 106

Allgemeine deutsche Bibliothek, 265 n.l2 Nicolini, 24 7 Niemetschek: see NemeCek North, Lord, 319 North, Roger, 308, 318 Norway, 346 n.3 Nostitz [Nostitz-Rhienek], Franz Anton, 195,

196, 198 Novak, jan Frantiiek, 204 Nove Benatky, 197 Novello, Mary, 184 Novello, Vincent, 184, 295 Noverre,Jean-Georges, 121, 158

Oberdeutsche allgemeine Literatur(.ritlmg, 178 Oberkirch, Baroness von, Mimoires, 71 Oehlschlagel, Joseph [Lohelius, Joannes ],

203,205 Oettingen-Wallerstein, Count Kraft Ernst

von, 194 Offenbach, (nr Frankfurt), 143 Oggersheim, palace at, 218 Olivero, Pietro Domenico, 28 opera, 1,4,5,8,24-38,45-58,85-95,

101-5, 109-18, 122, 134-40, 152-8, 161-2,178-9,198-201,221-4,

256-64,284-7,303-6,330-40,356, 358,359,364,357-80

acte de ballet, 89 A Fair Enquiry into tht State of Opera in

England, 304 intermezzo, 47-8, 224 'komische Oper', 258 Ltttre sur le michaniSTM de l 'opira ita lien,

116-17 'Lullistes', 87 opira-ballet, 89 opera bu.ffa, 2, 9, 33, 36-8, 45-50, 91-2,

110, 152-8, 305-6 opera comique, 9, 37, 55, 90, 91-5, 111-14,

121, 129, 136, 332, 339 opera seria, 2, 16-18, 20, 23, 24-33, 34,

36-8,43,45-8,85,90,103-5, 221-4,233,256-7,260,261,305-6, 339

pastorale hiroi"que, 89 pastorella, 205 'Querelle des Bouffons', 89, 91, 92, 224 'Querelle des Piccinnistes et des

Gluckistes', 94 'Ramistes', 87 Ripertoire des theatres de Ia ville de Vienne, I 09 Saggio sopra ['opera in musica, 116-17 Singspiel, 9, 37, 136ff, 178,200-201,

258-9,262,336,339 tonadilla, 358, 359-60 tragidie {yrique, 85-91 zarzuela, 9, 355, 356, 358-9

oratorio, 23, 84-5, 146-8, 225, 253-4, 321 Ordonez, Carlo d', 121, 137, 138

Diesmal hat der Mann den Willen, 137 organ, 82, 204 ornamentation, vocal, 16 Ossian, 51, 253 Ostertag, H.J., 214 Osuna, Duke of, 355 Otter, Franz joseph, 179 Otto, Mr, 373 Oxenstierna,Johan Gabriel, 343 Oxford, 291

Pacchiarotti, Gasparo, 46, 305, 309 Pachecho, El buen marido, 359 Packwood, John, 295 Paer, Ferdinanda, 162 Paestum, 334 Paisiello, Giovanni, 6, 23, 26, 33, 37, 39, 50,

52,54, 147,150,153,194,262,284,286 Andromaca, 33-4 Catone in Utica, 33 Didone abbandonata, 33 Elfrida, 33, 306 Fedra, 33 I giuochi d'Agrigento, 53-4 It marchtse Tuliptmo, 155 Nina, o sia la paa.a per amort, 38, 54

Index

Pi"o, 33 TeDeum, 39

Palella, Antonio, L'Origille, 47 Palencia, 351 Palestrina, Giovanni Pierluigi da, 263, 318 Palma, John, 375 Pamplona Cathedral, 352 Paris, 3, 7, 10, 38, 54, 61-96, 104, 109-10,

113, 117, 121, 122, 127, 143, 149, 167, 180,189,193,220,229,242,247,260, 262,263,268,282,301,304,305,328, 334, 355, 356, 359, 363, 380; see also Versailles

Academie des Sciences, 86 Academie Royale de Musique, 73, 74, 85,

92, 101,294 Annonces, aj]ichts et avis divers ( 1786), 78 Comedie-Italienne, 88, 92,93 Concert des Amateurs, 63, 68, 69 Concert des Associes, 69 Concert Spirituel, 66-9, 71, 75, 76, 81, 82,

84,92,95,263,293 Conservatoire, 81, 82 Hotel de Soubise, 68 Journal de Paris, 83 Madeleine church, 83 Musique du Roi, 68, 69 Notre Dame, 3, 82, 84 Opera,42,87,92,94,95, 110,115 Opera-Comique, 92 Palais Royal, 61, 87 Palais des Tuileries, 67, 68, 69, 87 Porte Saint-Martin, 87 'Querelle des Bouffons', 89, 91, 94, 224 Salle des Machines, 67, 87 Salles des Suisses, 67 salons, 71-3 Societe Academique des Enfants d'Apollon,

69 Societe des Auteurs et Compositeurs

Dramatiques, 65 Societe de Ia Loge Olympiq'ue, 69 Tableau de Paris pour /'annie 1759, 69 Tablettes de renommie des musiciens ( 1785), 71 Theatre de Ia Foire, 89, 92 Theatre Fran~is, 65 Vauxhall, 69

Paris, Anton Ferdinand, 171 Paris, Pierre-Adrien, 95 Parma, 19, 222 Partsch, Frantisek Xaver, 201 Pasquali, Niccolo, 310 Passau, 106 Paul II, Tsar of Russia: see Russia, Grand

Duke of Paula de Silva, Francisco de, Duke of

Huescar, 355 Peace ofLuneville, 184 Peace ofPressburg, 184 Peace of Utrecht, 39

409

The Classical Era

Pefiafiel, Countess of, 359 Penn, Governor John, 373

wife of, 374 Pennsylvania, 193

University of, 372 Pennsylvania Assembly, 376 Pennsylvania Gazette, 370, 371, 376-7 Pepoli, Count Alessandro, 52--4, 57

Belisa, 54 I giuochi d'Agrigento, 53

Pepusch,Johann Christoph, 318 performing rights, 65-6 Pergolesi, Giovanni Battista, 5, 47, 320, 341

La serva padrona, 89, 90 L'Olimpiade, 20

Perpoint, Samuel, 370 Pertici, Pietro, 4 7 Peters, Richard, 373--4 petit motet, 83 Philadelphia, 3, 8, 368-80

American Company (later Old American Company), 376, 377

Chestnut Street Theatre, 378, 378-9 Christ Church, 369 College of Philadelphia (later University of

Pennsylvania), 372 'Company of Comedians' (later American

Company; Old American Company), 376

Continental Congress, 377 Constitutional Convention ( 1787), 378 Dramatic Association, 379 Free School for Spreading the Knowledge of

Vocal Music (later Uranian Academy), 370

Gloria dei Church, 369 Institution for the Encouragement of

Church Music, 370 Kean and Murray Company, 376 King Street warehouse, 376 Moravian Church, 369 'Musick Club', 372 Old American Company, 374, 377, 379 Recorder (newspaper), 376 [Rickett's] Amphitheatre, 379 StJoseph's Catholic Church, 369 St Peter's Church, 369 Society of Friends (Quakers), 368, 373, 375 Southwark, 376, 378 Uranian Academy, 370

Phile, Philip, 378 Philidor, Anne-Danican, 67 Philidor, Fran~ois-Andre Danican, 6, 92, 117

Le Marichal, 93 Sancho Panfa, 93 Tom jones, 93

Philip V, King of Spain, 350, 351, 352, 356, 358

Philippe, Regent of France, 61 pianoforte/fortepiano, 66, 81, 371-2

410

Piccinni, Niccolo, 23, 37, 38, 50, 94, 194, 284, 286, 305, 332, 375

!phi genie en Tauride, 94 La buona figliuola, 48, 156, 224, 305, 306; as

The Accomplished Maid, 306 Piehl, Vaclav, 202, 209 Pieltain, Pierre-Joseph, 309 Pigage, Nicole de, 217 Pimental, MarfaJosefa Alonso, Countess­

Duchess of Benavente and Osuna, 355-6,359,360

Pinzgau, 180 Pinzger, Andreas, 173 Piranesi, Prigioni, 51 Piurck [Birck], Wenzel, 120

Tratteniment 'per pantomimi', 120 Piron, Alexis, 91 Pitt, William 322 pleasure gardens, 69, 313-16, 323, 325 n.41 Pleyel, Ignace Joseph, 65, 288, 318 Plumstead, William 376 Pluth, Kaspar, 200 Polzelli, Luigia, 286 Pompadour, Mme de, 69 Pompeii, 334 Porpora, Nicola, 41, 204

Il trionfo di Camilla, 24 Porta, Giovanni, 234 Posillipo (Bay of Naples), 22 Potsdam, 193

San Souci, 244 Potter, John, A Hist01y of the Adventures of Arthur

0 'Bradley, 297 Pozsony (Pressburg, now Bratislava), 277 Praga nascente da Libussa e Primislao, 198 Prague, 7, 10, 126, 133, 188, 191-211,284

Castle, 199 cathedral organ, 204 City Theatre (1753), 194 Civic Guard, 206 Convent ofSt George, 204 Crusader church, 202 Estates Theatre (Stiindetheater), 190, 200,

210 Kotce Theatre, 196, 199, 200, 201 National Theatre, orchestra of, 210 Nostitz Theatre (later Estates Theatre),

196, 196,200, 200, 201 Order of the Sacred Heart, 202 Our Lady Mary of the Strahov

Premonstratensians (Strahov monastery), 202, 203

Our Lady of Loretto [Loreta church], 202, 203, 211 n.l7

Patriotic Theatre (Vlastenske divadlo), 201 Provisional Theatre, 211 StAnn (Minorite chapel), 202 St Francis of the Order of the Cross, 202 StJames, church of (in the Old Town), 202 St Martin, church of, 202

St Nicholas, church of (in the Lesser Town), 191, 202, 210

St Vitus, cathedral, 202, 203, 204 Strelecky Island, 206 Tyn church, 202 University of, 191 Villa Bertramka, 210 Wiilsche Platz, 210

Prague, Archbishop of, 203 Pressburg (now Bratislava), 188, 277, 278 Pressburger Zeitung, 284 printing and publishing of music, 64-5, 120,

122,148-50,182,241-2,282,287-8, 295,297-8,341-2,361,362,371

promenade concerts, 316 Provence,3 Public Advertiser (England), 322 publishing: see printing and publishing of

music Pugnani, Gaetano, 119 Purcell, Henry, 294,314-17,318,320,322

Jubilate, 294, 314 King Arthur, 294, 314 Te Deum, 314, 317, 321

Quakers: see Society of Friends Quantz,Johannjoachim, 4, 6, 192, 243, 244,

249 Versuch einer Anweisung die Fliite traversiere zu

spielen [On Playing the Flute], 244, 250 'Querelle des Bouffons', 89, 91, 92, 224 Questenberg, Count Adam von, 195 Questenberg, Maria Charlotte von, 195 Quinault, Philippe, 87, 116

Armide, 105

Raaff, Anton, 236 n.l9 Racine, Jean, 94 Rahier, Peter Ludwig von, 273, 275 Raitenau, Wolf Dietrich von, Archbishop of

Salzburg, 166 Rik6czi family, 269 Ralph, James, The Fashionable Lady, 376 Rameau,Jean-Philippe, 13, 62, 71, 72, 74, 80,

84,86-90,91,93,94,95,117 Castor et Pollux, 89, 95, 117 Dardanus, 89 Hippolyte et Aricie, 33, 86, 87, 89 La dauphine, 71 Les boriades, 89 Les Indes galantes, 89, I15 Les niais de Sologne, 113 Pieces de clavecin en concerts, 79 Pygmalion, 189 Traiti de l'harmonie, 86 ZlJroastre, 89

Rameau (nee Mangot), Marie-Louise, 86 Ramler, Carl Wilhelm, 253 Ramm, Friedrich, 234 Randall, William, 295

Index

Ranft!, Herr, 181 Re, Marc' Antonio dal, 19 Re, Vincenzo, 25 Rebel, Jean-Fery, Les ilimens, symphonie

nouvelle, 7 4 Redman, Dr Joseph, 379 Regnard,J.F., Der Zerstreute, 177 Reichardt, Johann Friedrich, 230, 249, 258,

259,262-4 Brenno, 263 Claudine von Villa Bella, 263 Die Geisterinsel, 264 Erwin und Elmire, 264 Le Jeste galanti, 263

Reinagle, Alexander, 370, 375, 379 Rejcha, Antoni'n, 189, 192, 194, 197,

206 Rejcha,Josef, 192, 194 Rejcha, Simon, 192 Rejcha family 192 religious music, 22, 40-44, 82-5, 105-9,

158-61, 168-73, 175-6, 179-80, 201-5,224-5,252-4,321,350-52, 368-70

grand motet, 83-5, 96 Mass, 224, 281 petit motet, 83 see also Concert Spirituel; conservatories;

oratorio Renaissance music, forms, 10 Restoration (England), 293, 317 Reutter, Georg, 108-9, 139

Requiem, 160 Rhine, River, 213, 221 Richardson, Samuel, 2

Pamela, 224 Richter, Franz Xaver, 189, 207, 216, 225,

228-9 Richter,]., 107, 149 Richter, Johann Paul Friedrich Uean Paul],

264 Rickett's Amphitheatre (Philadelphia), 379 Riemann,Hugo,229,231,232 Riesbeck, Baron, 280 Rigel, Henri, 75 Righini, Vincenzo, 286

Missa solemnis, 160 Robinig, Georg Sigismund, 176 Robinig, Sigmund, 181 Rodolphe,Jeanjoseph, 78 Rodriguez de Hita, Antonio

La Briseida, 359 Las labradoras de Murcia, 358

Rolle, Johann Heinrich, 253 Abraham auf Moria, 253 Der Tod Abels, 253, 265 n.21 Thirza und ihre Siihne, 253

Roman,Johan Helmich, 340, 341 Romanticism, 10, 12, 27, 34, 55, 85, 252, 336,

339

4ll

The Classical Era

Rome, 19, 20, 47, 48,230, 301, 334, 361; ancient, music of, 317; su also Vatican

Romsey (Hampshire), 301 rondo, 57--8 Rosen, Charles, 11 Rosenberg, Count, 152, 154 Rosetti [Ri:isler], (Francesco) Antonio, 207

Requiem ill C minor, 211 Rossini, Gioachino, 15, 55, 162, 298 ROssi, Wolfgang, 178 Rouget de Lisle, Claude-Joseph, lA

Marseillaise, 14 n.2 Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 13, 61, 76, 80, 83, 86,

94, 106, 328, 355 Dit:tionnaire de musiiJIU, 63, 73, 78, 85 lA 11011111/le He1ofse, 80 Le devin du 11illage, 90, 90 Lettre sur Ia musiiJIU .fra"ffJise, 90 Pygmalion, 260

Rowlandson, Thomas, 302, 315 Rowson,Susanna,372 Rubinelli, Giovanni, 51 Rudolf, Elector Palatine, 224

daughter of, 224 Rudolph ofHabsburg, 166 Ruggieri, Giovanni Maria, Elisa, 46-7 Rush, Benjamin, 372 Russia, 338 Russia, Grand Duke of (later Tsar Paul II),

153,288 wife of, 153, 288

Rutini, Giovanni Marco, 204 Semiramuu, 194

Rutledge, Miss, 373 Ryba,JakubJan, Hej, mistri, 205

Sabbatini,Felipe,354 Sacchini, Antonio, 23, 44,286, 305, 318

L 'Olimpiade, 172 Oedipe a Co/one, 94

sacred concerts: su Concert Spirituel sacred music: su religious music St Aubin, A. de, 70 St Brisson, Comtesse de, 70 Saint-Georges, Joseph Boulogne, 75, 76, 79 St Petersburg, 5, 6, 8, 85, 114, 329, 340 Saint-Pierre, Bernardin de, 81 St Rupert of Worms, 166 Salamanca Cathedral, 351 Salieri, Antonio, 133, 146, 152, 153, 160, 162,

286 Armida, 133 A.mr, rl d'Omuu, 153, 265 n.29 lA passione di Gesil Cristo, 146 Lu Danalt.les, 94 Prima Ia musit:a e poi k parok, 1.54, 154 Tarare, 94

Salisbury, 321 Salomon, Johann Peter, 140, 311 Salpietro (violinist), 309

412

Salvi, Antonio, Allliroma&a, 33 Salzburg, 7, 126,130,160,166--84,210,232

AbbeyofStPeter, 166,173,174,175,176 Ballhaus, Hannibalgarten (now

Markartplatz), 177 Casino concerts, 181 Dommusikverein, 184 Dreifiiltigkeitskirche, 176 Gymnasium, 166 Landestheater, 177 Maria Plain church, 176 Nadrtit:ht . •. 1757 (report on music), 168, 182 Peasants' War (1525-6), 166 St Virgil, cathedral, 166,-167,168, 169, 171,

180 Stiftung Mozarteum, 184 University, 166, 168, 171, 174 University theatre, 167, 177

Sakburger lnteUigmcblatt, 178 Sammartini, Giovanni, 310 Sammartini, Giuseppe, 310 Santander Cathedral, 352 Santiago de Compostela, cathedral, 351, 352 Saragossa [Zaragoza], 352

LaSeo, 352 Sarri [Sarro], Domenico Natale, Etis, 24 Sarti, Giuseppe, 6, 44, 153, 286

Girdio Sabino, 156, 156 Yologesa~, 172

Sartori, Joseph von, Leopoltlinisclu Annalen, 161 Sartorio, Giovanni Francesco, 198 Saxe-Hildburghausen, Prince Joseph

Friedrich of, 112, 118, 119, 120, 129 Scarlatti, Alessandro, 18, 170, 203 Scarlatti, Domenico, 352, 353 Schiifer,Joseph, 12 Schiifer [Schaefer] (later Beck), Josepha, 227,

236 n.26 Schiifer, Peter, 12 Scheicher, Georg, 173 Scherillo, Michele, 36-7, 38

L'opera buffa napoletana, 36 Schering, Arnold, 250 Schikaneder, Emanuel, 178, 179 Schiller, Qohann Christoph), Friedrich von,

179,286 Schlegel, 263 Schleiermacher, 263 Schlosshof (Vienna), 112 Schmid, Johann Baptist, 119 Schmidt, Karl Ludwig, 178 Schobert, Johann, 73, 79 Schrattenbach, Siegmund Christoph, Count

von, 167, 172, 177, 184 Schubart, Christian Friedrich Daniel, 174,

213,216,218,228,230,244 Schubert, Franz, I, 118,161,162,264 Schulz, Johann Abraham Peter, Lieder im

Yolkston, 255 Schiitz, Carl, 105, 136, 279

Schutz, Heinrich, 3 Schwanenberger,Johann Gottfried, 247 Schwarz, Thomas, 191 Schwarzenberg, Prince, 201, 209, 269

family of, 209 Schweitzer, Anton, 261

Alcesu (Aikesu), 223, 256, 256-7, 260, 261 Pygmalion, 260-61 Rosemunde, 224, 257

Schwetzingen, 218, 220, 223 opera house at, 224

Sebesta, Frantisek, 197 Sedaine, Michel-Jean, 93

Aline, reine de Golconde, 333 Seeau, Count von, 234 Seger, Josef Ferdinand Norbert, 202,208 Sehling, Josef Antonin, Firma in Deum folucia

... in Judith ... exhibitia, 205 Seidl, Ferdinand, 173, 182 Sejan, Nicolas, 81, 82 Selliers,Joseph, 101 sensibility, cult of, 12, 250-52, 254, 339 Seven Years' War, 243, 245, 246, 257 Seville Cathedral, 351 Seyler, Abel, 260, 261 Seyler, Anton, 189 Shakespeare, William, 12, 27, 54, 257, 286,

321,375 Hamlet, 51, 252 Romeo and juliet, 261

Shepherd, Thomas, !JJJ Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 375 Shield, William, 306, 314 Shippen, Miss, 373 Shippen, Dr William, 373 Silesian wars, 258 Silva, Fernando de, Duke of Alba, 355 Singspiel, 9, 37, 136ff, 178,201,258-9,

262,336,339 Skutec, 201 Smith, C. Lorraine, 309 Smollett, Tobias George, 2 Society of Friends (Quakers), 368,373, 375 Sografi, P.A., 54

Gli Orazi e i Curiazi, 54 Saffo, 54-5

Soler, Padre Antonio, 354 Somis, Giovanni Battista, 76 sonata and sonata form, 10-12, 74, 77, 206,

232 song,solo,254-6,264,327-9,341,342-5

Ballade, 255 lied,254-6,264,341 romance, 85, 117 Romanze, 255

Sonnenfels,Joseph von, 134, 135 Brieft uber die wienerische Schaubiihne,

123 Sophocles, 52 Southwark (nr Philadelphia), 376, 378

Index

Spangler, Francesco, 176 Spanish Civil War, 355 Spath, Franz Xaver, 176 Spaur, Count, 177, 181 Spengler, Franz, 201 Sporck, Count Franz Anton, 195, 196, 198-9,

208 Sporck, Count Johann Karl, 210

wife of, 210 Stadlmann, Johann Joseph, 281 Stamitz, Anton, 69, 229 Stamitz, Carl (Philipp), 189, 229, 310 Stamitz,Johann, 68, 71, 72, 74, 174, 189,215,

216,224,225,228-9,230,231,232, 237 n.42, 375

Stamitz family, 207 Stare Bemitky (nr Prague), 197 Starzer,Joseph, 113,114,115,121,148

Laforce du sang, 115 Steffan [Stepan], Joseph, 120 Steibelt, Daniel, 82 Steinhauer, 256 Stenborg, Carl, 339-40 Stephanie, Gottlieb (the younger), 138 Sterne, Laurence, 2 Stevenson, Polly, 374 Stewart, General Walter, 379 Stockhausen, Herr, 283 Stockholm, 3, 8, 327-46

'concerts of the cavaliers', 340 House of Nobles, 340 New Opera House, !J!J7 'Par Bricole', 342 Royal Academy of Music, 330, 340 Royal Swedish Opera, 330, 332, 333, !J!J!J,

339,340,345 Stenborg Theatre, 339 'Utile Dulci', 342

Stoddert, Major William, 373 Storace, Nancy, 305 Stormont, Lord, 121 Strasbourg Cathedral, 229 Strauss, Richard, 99

Der Rosen/cavalier, 99, I 09 string quartet, 66, 78, 120-21, 150-52, 206,

283, 288, 341; see also quatuors d'airs variis, 79

Strobach,Joseph, 210 Sturm, Christoph Christian, 255 'Sturm und Drang' (Storm and Stress), 118,

254,257,283,336,339,345 Stuttgart, 32, 222 Super jlumina Babywnis, 84 Siittiir, 278 Swanberg, Signor, 312 Swedenborg, Emanuel, 340 Swedish Academy, 291 Swieten, Gerhard van, 191 Swieten, Baron Gottfried van, 130, 141, 191,

247

413

The Classical Era

Swinburne, Henry, Letters at the End of the Eighteenth Century, 59 n.9

symphony, 2, 11, 6H, 73-5, 14H, 17H, 206,225,227,229-33,247-8,276-7; see also symphonie concertante, 75-6

Szabo, 279

Tachov [Tachau], 204 Tagus, River, 354 Tapray, Jean-Fran~ois, 81 Tartini, Giuseppe, 76, 192, 202, 310, 341 Taskin, Paul, 80 Taws, Charles, 372 Telemann, Georg Philipp, 77, 170,247 Teutsche Co11Uiedie-Arien, Ill Thames, River, 313 Thirty Years' War, 4, 5 Thrale, Mrs, 315 Three Choirs' Festival, 321 Thun, Guidobald, Archbishop of Salzburg,

167 Thun, Johann Ernst von, Archbishop of

Salzburg, 167 Thun, Count Vaclav Joseph, 200 Tiepolo, Giovanni Battista, 40, 41 Tilly, Robert, 373 Tinti [Tindi], Baron Anton, !51 Tinti [Tindi], Bartholomiius, 151 Tirso de Molina, 356, 358 Tischbein,Johann Heinrich (the elder), 251 Toeschi, Car! Joseph, 229, 234, 235 n.9 Toeschi,Johann, 235 n.9 Toledo Cathedral, 351 Tomasek, Vaclav Jan, 201, 207, 211 Tomaselli, Giuseppe, 179 Tomasini, Alois Luigi, 146, 271, 273, 277 tonadilla, 358, 359-60 Torres y Martinez Bravo, Joseph de, 351 Tourte family, 66 Traetta, Tommaso, 6, 23, 44, 129, 194, 222,

261 Armida, 117, liS lfigenia in Tauride, 118

tragidie {yrique, 85-91 Travers, John, 320 Treaty ofBreslau (1742), 191 Treaty of Dresden (1745), 192 Treaty of Westphalia (1648), 190 Trento, Vittorio, Bianca de' Rossi, 52 Trouflaut, Abbe, 80 Tucek, Jan, 201

Opilj mut, 20 I Selski povsttin{, 20 I

Tiima, Frantisek, 202, 203 Turin, 18

Teatro Regio, 28 Turner, Victor, 235 n.l2

U1riksdal Castle (Sweden), Confidence Theatre, 332

414

Umlauf, lgnaz, 137-8 Die Bergknappen, 136, 136-7 Die schiine Schusterin, oder Die piicefarbenen

Schuhe, 178 Welches ist die beste Nation?, 137, 138

Uttini, Francesco Antonio, 339, 341, 342 Aline, drottning uti Golconda/ Aline, reine de

Go/conde, 333 Thetis och Pelie, 332, 339

Vachon, Pierre, 78, 79 Valdstejn-Vartenberk, CountJiffJosef, 201 Valladolid, 361 Vanhal,Johann Baptist [Vaiihal,Jan

Kftitel], 142, 150, 174, 193 Vasi, Giuseppe, 25 Vatican, Sistine Chapel, 318 Vega, Lope de, 356, 358 Velvary, 197 Venetian Republic, 54 Venice, 7, 20, 39-59, 262

Ascensiontide fair, 45, 47, 48 Carnival, 45, 48 conservatories, 40-45; Incurabili, 40, 42;

Mendicanti, 40, 43, 54; Ospeda1etto, 40, 44; Pieta, 40, 42, 44

St Mark's, 40, 43, 44 theatres: La Fenice, 45, 53, 54, 56; San

Angelo, 45; San Benedetto, 45, 51; San Cassiano, 45; San Fantino, 47; San Giovanni Grisostomo, 45; San Moise, 45; San Salvatore, 45; San Samue1e, 45

Villa Stra, Sala della Musica, 42 Venier, Jean-Baptiste, Sinfonie da varii autori,

65 Verazi, Mattia, 222-3 Verdi, Giuseppe, 162

Un ballo in maschera, 345 Vernier (oboist), 78 Verona, 53

Amphitheatre, 35 Verri, Alessandro, 20 Versailles, 61, 62, 67, 69, 71, 82, 83, 84, 96,

195,278-9 Grande Theatre, 95

Verschaffelt, Peter Anton, 236 n.23 Vico, Giambattista, 31 Vienna, 3, 7, 10, 74, 85, 93, 99-123, 126-62,

l~l~l~l~I~1~1~1~ 192, 193, 196, 200, 206, 210, 2ll, 213, 242,246,247,262,268,269,270,271, 277,282,283,284,287,288,289,290, 291, 303, 356

Augustinerkirche, 105 Bal1haus, 101 Burgtheater (court theatre:

Nationaltheater), 102, 104, 105, Ill, II3, ll7, ll9, 120, 121, 122, 127-9, 131, 132, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 141, 144, 148, 153, 161, 162

Carlskirche, 105 concerts, 140-52 Hofkapelle, 161, 169 Kiirntnertortheater, 110, 135, 162, 287 Mehlgrube, 119, 142, 143, 145 Old University, 133 orchestras, 131-2, 134 Palais Rofrano, 99, 118, 119 ~douhmsaal, 101, 148 Ripertoire des thilltres de la ville de Vienne, I 09 St Leopold, church, 109 St Stephen's Cathedral, 106, 108, 160, 171,

273 Schonbrunn Palace, 102, 103, 115, 116 Staatsoper, 162 Tonkiinstler-Sozietat, 132, 141, 146-7, 148,

282 Wallnerstrasse, 120 'Zur wahren Eintracht', 289

Vigano, Salvatore, 162 Villafranca, house of, 355 Vinci, Leonardo, 5, 203 violin family, development of, 66 Viotti, Giovanni Battista, 69, 76 Virgil, Eclogues, 161 Visme, Louis de, 173 Vitasek, Augustin, 205 Vitasek,Jan August, 211 Vivaldi, Antonio, 15, 41, 43, 68, 195, 203, 248,

310 II cimento op.8 (including 'The Four

Seasons'), 276 Vogler, Abbe Georg joseph, 225,236 n.20,

237 n.38, 339, 340 Der Sklavenkiindler, 178 Gustav Adolf och Ebba Brahe, 338, 339 Mortal La7Mntation of the MiJors tif Morocco,

341 Painting tif Shepherds' Merriness, interrupted by a

thunderstorm, 341 Siege tif Jericho, The, 341

Vogt, Mauritius, 194 Conclave thesauri magnae artis musicae, 209

Voltaire, Fran~is Marie Arouet de, 82, 93, 216, 217, 330

Le Mondain, 72 Zaire, 178

Vonsek,Jan Vaclav [Worzichek,Johann Hugo]: 193, 207

Vranicky, Antonfn [Wranitzky, Anton], 193 Vranicky, Pavel [Wranitzky, Paul], 193

Wagenseil, Georg, Christoph, 79, 120, 174 Wagner, Richard, 18 Wahr, Carl, 177,200, 286 Wainwright, Miss, 377 Walpole, Robert, 299 Walpurgis, Princess Maria Antonia, 247

II trionfo della ftdelta, 264 n.ll Walsh, john {the elder), 295

Index

Walsh, john (the younger), 249, 295 War of the Austrian Succession, 104, 216 Warsaw, 8, 193 Washington, George, 378, 379 Watteau, Antoine, Lesfltes galantes, 250 Watts, Isaac, Psalms tif David, 371 Weber, Aloysia, 236 n.l9 and n. 28 Weber, Carl Maria von, 190, 338

Der Freischiit;;., 261, 336 Weber, Constanze: see Mozart, Contanze Weber, Fridolin, 236 n.l9 Wedgwood family, 295 Weigl, joseph, 121, 161, 277 Weimar, 240,256, 256, 259, 260, 262

Journal des Luxus und der Moden, 150 Weinrother ('young') (violinist), 181 Weiser (oboist), 181 Weiskern, F.W., 110 Weiss, Sylvius, 192 Weisse, Christian Felix, 254, 257, 258-9

Die verwandelten Weiher, 258 Wendling, Johann Baptist, 216 Went, Johann, 209 Wentzely, Mikulas Frantisek Xaver, 203

Flores verni, 203 Werner, Gregor Joseph, 270, 271, 275, 281 Wesstrom, Anders, 341

String quartets, 341 West (artist), 309 West, John, 379 Westminster (England), 301 Wienerisches Diarium, 109, 122, 283 Wiener Neustadt, 166 Wiener Zeitung, 210 White, Charles, 307 Whitefield, George, 369 Widl, Rufinus, Clementia Croesi, 172 Wieland, Christoph Martin, 224, 256-7

Alceste, 223, 256-7, 261 ~semunde, 224, 257

Wigand, Balthasar, 133 Wignall, Thomas, 379 Wikmanson,Johan, 341 Wilkes, john, 300 Williamsburg, 376 Wilson, James, 373 Winckelmann,Johann, 122 Winter, Peter [von], 234 Wishofer (viola player), 181 Wister, Sally,Journal, 373 Withers, Miss, 372 Wolf, Ernst Wilhelm, 252 Wolfegg, Count, 181 Woolls,Mr,377 Worcester, Three Choirs' Festival, 321 Worgan,John,314 World War I, 7 Worzischek: see Vonsek Wranitzky: see Vranicky Wiirttemberg, 222

415

The Classical Era

Zabetta (singer), 42 Zach, Jan, 202 Zarzuela, 9, 355, 356, 358-9 Zeill, Count, 181 Zelenka, Jan Dismas, 192, 198,203

Melodrama de Sancto Wenuslao, 198, 204 Ziegler, F.W., Fiirstmgriisse, 161-2 Ziegler, Joseph Paul, 111 Zingarelli, Niccolo Antonio, 39

Pirro, & d'Epiro, 56

416

Zinzendorf, Count Johann Karl, 115 118, 129, 137, 162

Zoffany,Johann,296 Zumpe, Johannes, 296 Zweibriicken, Duke Christian IV of,

218 wife of, 218

Zwettl, Abbot of, 282