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►Life on an Ocean Planet

►Defining Your Study

►Science, Technology, Society and You

►How to Learn Marine Science Most Efficiently

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Life on an Ocean PlanetL

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What is a scientist?

Someone who uses theprocesses of science tofind answers about how and why things work…

…in the world.

…in the observable universe.

The Scientist in You

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• This is what makes science an adventure full of discovery and wonder.

• Science isn’t simply a body of facts,but the way you analyze those facts.

• Doing this analysis is called the“scientific process” and whenyou use it, you are a scientist.

The Scientist in You

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The Ocean Planet

• The ocean produces two influences vital to life on Earth.Weather and world climate

patterns dictate how warm,cold, wet, or dry it will be.

Where humans live on land

is mostly determined by the ocean.• In addition, the ocean provides three important

resources:Food • Oxygen • Natural Resources (such as

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The Ocean Planet

• Humans have seen all of the Earth’s surface, but there’s far more to discover beneath the ocean.

• Without knowing much about our ocean, humans are increasingly changing it for the worse.Commercial fishing is

depleting fish.Pollution due mainly

to overpopulation.Crucial marine environments

are dying off.

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The Ocean Planet

What is Ocean Literacy?Ocean literacy means understanding the basic

concepts related to how the ocean functions as anecosystem, and how and why it is vital to humanexistence.

Ocean literacy means

understanding the

consequences of human

interaction with the sea.

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The Ocean Planet

Why is Ocean Literacy important? It allows you to make responsible decisions

related to the ocean. Decisions regarding:• How you vote responsibly.• The products and services to buy.• Managing and preserving the ocean for our

own sake and others.

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Thinking About the Process of Science in a Concept Map

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Defining Your StudyD

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Marine Science

Marine Science – the process of discovering facts, processes, and unifying principles that explain the nature of the ocean, its associated life forms, and how the ocean interacts with other earth systems. Marine science is an integral part of Earth science.

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Marine Science

• Oceanography – the science of recording anddescribing the ocean’s contents and processes.

• There are four main branches of oceanography.Biological oceanography – studies life in the

ocean.Chemical oceanography – studies the chemistry

of seawater.Geological oceanography – studies the geology

of the ocean.Physical oceanography – studies the physics

within the marine environment.

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Marine Science

Technology has made marine exploration andits associated careers possible. It is throughtechnology that true marine exploration hasbecome possible.

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Integrating the Sciences

Marine Science – draws on research from all three of the traditional sciences to understand what is observed in the ocean. Marine science is truly an interdisciplinary course of study. Most marine scientists have training in all three of the traditional science disciplines.

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Integrating the Sciences

Marine Science draws from:1. Physical Science – study of matter and energy

and their interactions. Physics and Chemistry.2. Life Science – study of living

things and their interactionswith their environments.

3. Earth and Space Science – studyof the physical Earth, the solarsystem, the universe and theirinterrelationships.

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Studying Science Itself

Marine science involves four study areas beyond traditional science disciplines:Science as Inquiry – applying science as a way

of solving problems, answering questions.Science and Technology – learning how science

advances technology and vice–versa.Science in Personal and Social Perspectives –

how science affects you and society.Historical Nature of Science – understanding

how science evolved as a discipline.

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Studying Science Itself

Situatedness is the explanation of when, where, and why a concept came about. It is important to marine scientists because in oceanography, they may apply established scientific concepts that they will never personally demonstrate or observe. Situatedness gives scientists some basis for judging the validity of scientific concepts.

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Cross–Disciplinary Nature of Marine Science

Many sciences, professions, and careers draw on basic marine science. These disciplines include: atmospheric science, astronomy, ecology, biomedical research, environmental science, etc.

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Cross–discipline areas of study include: Math – Mathematics is the universal

“language” of science that helpsyou explain the physical nature of the ocean.

History – A historical review provides insight to the past, present, and future of our ocean. A historical background provides acontext of how and why the study of oceanography has changed over time.

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Cross–discipline areas of study include: Technology – Some say technology causes

problems, some say it increases our knowledge. It is really the advances in technology that has made modern oceanography possible.

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Cross–discipline areas of study include: Social Sciences – Decisions about

the environment may affect the lifeof others on the planet.

Literature – Announcing scientificfindings to others requires usingliterary and artistic forms.

Arts – The method of experimentationmay be in the form of videography orethnography rather than the typicalexperiment.

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Science, Technology,Society, and You

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Science - A Definition

Science is a body of knowledge and an organized method used to gain knowledge about the observable universe.

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Technology – A Benefit and a Burden

• A technology is a material system that produces intended results or in a general sense, knowledge of those systems.

• Technology has both improved and threatened daily life.Benefit – health care, transportation,

communication, agriculture and exploration.Burden – issues such as pollution spills and

overfishing.

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Technology – A Benefit and a Burden

• There are three broad actions that society can take with respect to the effects of science and technology on the environment:1. Consider the environment a lost cause and

disregard the effects.2. Dismiss the effect as overstated by scientists

and inconsequential.3. Prioritize the consequences in developing and

applying technologies.• Without a doubt, the last broad action appears the

most logical.

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The Scientific Method

• The formal, organized steps scientists follow in proposing explanations for their observations and then testing their explanations are called the scientific method.

• When you apply the scientific method, you apply scientific process skills (identifying the problem, classifying data, communicating findings, interpreting measurements, predicting outcomes, and recording data).

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The Five Basic Steps to the scientific method include:

1. Identify the problem (or question).2. Make a hypothesis – making an educated guess you can test about the answer.You use inductive reasoning

to propose a process that explainsthe facts you observe.

You use deductive reasoningto propose what you wouldobserve should a known process take place.

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The Five Basic Steps to the

scientific method include:

3. Test the hypothesis.

4. Interpret and analyze results – if the data supports your hypothesis, you have a theory.

5. Report results, procedures and conclusions.Reporting results is important because it allows

other scientists to verify your work and conclusions, and it allows other scientists to build on what you’ve learned.

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The Progress of Science

• Because science is a process, it changes.• Science progresses through the revision of

theories in the light of new evidence or better explanations of existing evidence.

• Just because someone proposes a new theory and new evidence, it does not mean things change overnight.

• Scientific progress also has social and scientific influences. Often, it takes acceptance by prominent scientists with noted credibility before the new theory replaces the old.

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Staying Current with Science

• Keeping up with current trends, findings, and developments benefit you:You can anticipate changes caused by science

and technology, prepare, and advance your career with them or …. you can disregard them and spend time trying to catch up with those who don’t.

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Staying Current with Science

• Keeping up with current trends, findings, and developments benefit you:By being current you can help society handle the

effects of science.You can base your ethical evaluations, estimates,

and other potential effects on accurate information.

You can then vote and voice opinions based on reality rather than on misconceptions.

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How to Learn Marine ScienceMost Efficiently

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Study Elements and Visual References

• There are six basic study elements (units) in Life on an Ocean Planet that divide marine science into meaningful segments. These units are:Unit 1: Importance of Ocean ExplorationUnit 2: The Foundation of Life in the OceanUnit 3: A Water WorldUnit 4: The Motion of the OceanUnit 5: Voyage to the Bottom of the SeaUnit 6: The Present and Future of the Marine

Environment

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• These units cover a broad spectrum of marine science fundamentals, which helps you prepare for a career in or related to marine science.The six units show you the various marine

sciences.This covers what related careers involve. One

goal being to help you find what areas of marine science fit best with your interests and desires.

Most important, however, is your desire, passion, and interest in that career.

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• Major headings (black) and subheadings (blue) divide each chapter. Paying attention to these helps to organize the content in your head.

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• Learning Objectives are in green. They are found under all subheadings.

IMPORTANT: as you read, find the answers to each of the learning objective questions.

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• Relevant supplement information: found in sidebars with purple headings.

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• Photos and illustrations are labeled in red. These provide important visual information to illustrate what you’re reading.

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• Quick quiz questions (ARE YOU LEARNING?) are found at the end of a main subject division. IMPORTANT: Make sure you can answer the questions from memory before moving on.

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• New Terms You Learned found at the end of each chapter.

• From Chapter One on, these new terms build on each other. However, ALL terms are found in the Glossary.

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• Chapter in Review questions are found at the end of each chapter.

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• End of Chapter, critical thinking questions.• Most of these don’t have one “right” answer.

Apply information from the Chapter.Respect differing views.Apply original thinking.Be able to defend your answers.

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Learning Effectively withLife on an Ocean Planet

• Regardless of the subject you want to learn, use this study system to remember material from a textbook.

• SQ3R = Survey, Question, Read, Recite and Review(these are the 3 “R’s”)

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• Step One – SurveyFix the name of the chapter in your mind.Read the marine scientist’s profile.Scan the entire chapter. Read subheads, look at

all photos and illustrations, and sidebar titles.Look for italicized new terms.Explore chapter’s general flow.

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• Step Two – QuestionQuestion what’s in the chapter.Turn each subhead into a question. For example,

if the subhead is Water’s Unique Properties, in your mind ASK: “What are water’s unique properties?”

Read all of the subhead’s study questions printed in green italics.

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• Step Three – ReadThis is where most students begin their study –

but if you do, your study will not be as effective.AFTER you’ve completed the first two important

steps, now read the content within a subhead.Read to answer the green italics study questions. It’s best to write down answers to all the study

questions on a separate piece of paper.

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• Step Four – ReciteWhen you find an answer to a Study Question as

you read, recite it out loud or quietly to yourself.Reciting, not just rereading, helps you learn much

more effectively.

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• Step Five – ReviewAnswer the “Chapter in Review” and “Connecting

Chapter Concepts – Science Scenarios” questions at the end of each chapter.

Answer the “Marine Science in the Real World” questions.

Review the SciLinks internet reference on a topic.Use the laboratory activities and field research

excursions to further your review.

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• If you want to succeed at anything in life, persistence is most important – review, review, review.

• Don’t read Life on an Ocean Planet like a novel. Use the SQ3R study system to learn.

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• Connect what you learn in this course with other courses you are taking.

• Apply your learning to labs and activities.• Follow your curiosity. If you find something

interesting, explore that topic more fully.

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Documents

Choose to view chapter section with a click on the section heading. Life on an Ocean Planet