CHINESE CARP CHINESE CARP HATCHERYHATCHERY

HatcheryHatchery : - : - A place for hatching eggs A place for hatching eggs of fish, to bring young to emerge of fish, to bring young to emerge from...from...

A Hatchery is a 100% controlled environment. From birth, every aspect of growth is carefully

monitored

The estimated output capacity of the enlarged hatchery is 1.5–2.0 million larvae/cycle

OBJECTIVE OF HATCHERYOBJECTIVE OF HATCHERY

QualityQuality Quantity and Quantity and Consistence Consistence

supply of fish supply of fish

seedseed

INTODUCTIONINTODUCTION

Chinese spawning and hatching system is based

on continuous flow of water to breed carps and

hatch the eggs

A formulated infrastructure to facilitate spawning of brood fishes, incubation of fertilized eggs and rearing of hatchlings up to post-larval stage

Based on ecological factors responsible for carp breeding in nature and following hypophysation technique

SITE SELECTIONSITE SELECTION The location of site and general arrangements

will have controlling impact on the economics of operation

For successful fish production business, suitable site is most important

CRITERIA REQUIRED FOR SITE CRITERIA REQUIRED FOR SITE SELECTIONSELECTION

Non engineering criteria

Engineering criteria

NON ENGINEERING CRITERIANON ENGINEERING CRITERIA

Demand of fish seed in locality, accordingly size of fish seed farm may be decided

Public health and chances of pouching

ENGINEERING INVESTIGATIONENGINEERING INVESTIGATION

Area used for farm construction should be almost plain of suitable shape and sufficient size

Water source, quality and quantity

Water supply to fish farm by gravity reduce the operational cost

Soil of the area selected should be impervious as far as possible to reduce water loss

Fish farm located in areas unsuitable for other agricultural uses but soil should be suitable for fish culture

Site should be free from frequent deep flooding and should be away from flooding areas

Should be in vicinity of transportation of routs

Telephone line and electricity should be available near by

Facility for both professionals and operators

OTHER REQUIREMENTSOTHER REQUIREMENTS

Water supply for hatchery unit :- Clean, of low temperature (180C-270C), containing adequate oxygen (4-5 mg/l)

Water supply for earthen ponds :- For rearing of fish seed, should have following quality limits :-

Temperature 26-320CpH 7-9Dissolved oxygen 3-5 ppmTurbidity 100-180 mg/l

COMPONENTS OF HATCHERYCOMPONENTS OF HATCHERYOverhead tank (to store filtered water)Brood stock ponds (@ 1500 kg/ha)

Conditioning tankBreeding tank (3-5 kg of brood per m3 is recommended )

Hatching tankSpawn collection tank Rearing tank (for rearing of larvae)

Nursing pondsTransporting equipment

Under hatchery management the coordination of various hatchery activities responsible to obtained highest economic yield

WATER SOURCE AND SUPPLY UNITWATER SOURCE AND SUPPLY UNIT

In any type of water source, water should not be used In any type of water source, water should not be used directlydirectly

There is need of:-There is need of:-

Pump for lifting up the water into the overhead tank Pump for lifting up the water into the overhead tank (at the height of 4-6m (at the height of 4-6m

from ground level for gravity flow)from ground level for gravity flow)

Filtration unitFiltration unit

Oxygenation unit in transit tankOxygenation unit in transit tank

Uninterrupted water supply to the hatchery unitsUninterrupted water supply to the hatchery units

SPAWNING UNITSPAWNING UNIT

The spawning phenomenon of carp in an Chinese hatchery The spawning phenomenon of carp in an Chinese hatchery is the result of the cumulative impacts of physicochemical is the result of the cumulative impacts of physicochemical factors influenced by :-factors influenced by :-

Water current, Water current,

Water shower Water shower

And inducing agentAnd inducing agent

It is a circular smooth cistern made up of brick, RCC or It is a circular smooth cistern made up of brick, RCC or fibre materialfibre material

BREEDING POOLBREEDING POOL

Diameter :- 3-6mDiameter :- 3-6m

Depth :- 1mDepth :- 1m

Diameter of the water inlet pipe :- 2”-3”Diameter of the water inlet pipe :- 2”-3”

Water depth is controlled by the outletsWater depth is controlled by the outlets

Single water inlet facilitates the water current and Single water inlet facilitates the water current and centrifugal force helps to sweep out eggs soon after the centrifugal force helps to sweep out eggs soon after the spawningspawning

ContiConti….….

The breeding pool should have a sloping bottom The breeding pool should have a sloping bottom leading to the outlet at centre, so that it can be leading to the outlet at centre, so that it can be completely drained when required without leaving any completely drained when required without leaving any eggs behind eggs behind

Breeding pool is provided with straight egg delivery Breeding pool is provided with straight egg delivery pipe line from its central floor to egg incubation unitpipe line from its central floor to egg incubation unit

No t, y, or L joint on egg delivery line is No t, y, or L joint on egg delivery line is recommended, as any such joint on the egg delivery recommended, as any such joint on the egg delivery line is found to be detrimental to the developing eggs line is found to be detrimental to the developing eggs by causing mechanical injuryby causing mechanical injury

OPERATIONAL ASPECTOPERATIONAL ASPECT

Good quality water with at least 5-6 ppm of D.O. can Good quality water with at least 5-6 ppm of D.O. can hold 3kg brood/mhold 3kg brood/m33

Water depth :- 0.6- 1mWater depth :- 0.6- 1m

The brood fish in the pool should be under shower The brood fish in the pool should be under shower before and after hormone administrationbefore and after hormone administration

Water flow both in the central outlet and each inlet must Water flow both in the central outlet and each inlet must be adjusted in such a manner that it creates a speed of 3-be adjusted in such a manner that it creates a speed of 3-5m/sec maintaining the required depth5m/sec maintaining the required depth

Water current is stopped and brood fish are removed Water current is stopped and brood fish are removed and transferred back in pond as soon as breeding and transferred back in pond as soon as breeding operation ceasesoperation ceases

Spawning pool is cleaned and disinfected with strong Spawning pool is cleaned and disinfected with strong formaldehyde and KMnOformaldehyde and KMnO44 before and after each before and after each

operationoperation

Based on flow through Based on flow through principleprinciple

Have outer and inner chamberHave outer and inner chamber

Water enters into the cistern by Water enters into the cistern by a series of duck mouth inlets (at a series of duck mouth inlets (at equidistant positionequidistant position) and ) and

expel out through a screen, expel out through a screen, encircled over the inner encircled over the inner chamberchamber

EGG INCUBATION UNIT/EGG INCUBATION UNIT/HATCHING TANKHATCHING TANK

The duck mouths direction and the speed of water are well The duck mouths direction and the speed of water are well adjusted to assure favorable circulation of eggs in the water adjusted to assure favorable circulation of eggs in the water

preventing them from mechanical injurypreventing them from mechanical injury

The equidistant principle with unidirectional water flow The equidistant principle with unidirectional water flow allow the eggs to run without low oxygen concentration and allow the eggs to run without low oxygen concentration and without touching the screen of the cisternwithout touching the screen of the cistern

Diameter :- 2-4mDiameter :- 2-4m

Depth :- 1mDepth :- 1m

Mesh size of the screen is 1/50 inch which prevents eggs Mesh size of the screen is 1/50 inch which prevents eggs and spawn escaping outand spawn escaping out

OPERATIONAL ASPECTOPERATIONAL ASPECT Speed of the water in hatching tank is maintained at Speed of the water in hatching tank is maintained at

the rate of:-the rate of:-

0.4-0.5m/sec for first 12 hr.0.4-0.5m/sec for first 12 hr. 0.1-0.2m/sec for next 6 hr.0.1-0.2m/sec for next 6 hr.

0.3-0.4m/sec for rest of the operation0.3-0.4m/sec for rest of the operation Reducing speed after 12 hr. of operation avoid Reducing speed after 12 hr. of operation avoid

premature hatching and prolong hatching of the premature hatching and prolong hatching of the developing eggsdeveloping eggs

Regular cleaning of hatchery units counts the Regular cleaning of hatchery units counts the recovery and survival of hatchlings, spawns and eggs recovery and survival of hatchlings, spawns and eggs

Surface cleanerSurface cleaner A wooden or bamboo stick of 2cm dia is kept on A wooden or bamboo stick of 2cm dia is kept on

water surface across the outer chamber in between water surface across the outer chamber in between two wallstwo walls

It accumulates the foam, floating debris and insect It accumulates the foam, floating debris and insect efficiently and removed manuallyefficiently and removed manually

Sub-surface cleanerSub-surface cleaner

A wooden plank of 4-5cm widthA wooden plank of 4-5cm width Fixed at water surface half immersedFixed at water surface half immersed

Cleans the sub-surface water of the chamberCleans the sub-surface water of the chamber

Column cleanerColumn cleaner

On and after 2On and after 2ndnd day of operation dead spawn, debris day of operation dead spawn, debris and fungal matter settle on bottom of pool is siphoned and fungal matter settle on bottom of pool is siphoned by means of a stiff plastic pipe of 2cm diaby means of a stiff plastic pipe of 2cm dia

Bottom cleanerBottom cleaner

A stick of 2cm dia tied with 1-1.5m long ropes with A stick of 2cm dia tied with 1-1.5m long ropes with smooth bristles equidistantlysmooth bristles equidistantly

It cleans Column debris, egg shells and dead spawnIt cleans Column debris, egg shells and dead spawn

Fig.Fig. Cleaning of spawning tankCleaning of spawning tank

Siphoning of water through a filter net Scrub off slides of Tank

Removal of scum through a scope net Introduce water

SPAWN COLLECTION TANKSPAWN COLLECTION TANK

The spawn are kept in the tank till 72 hours before The spawn are kept in the tank till 72 hours before transfer to nurserytransfer to nursery

Spawn which is kept in hatching chamber for an Spawn which is kept in hatching chamber for an indefinite period cause mortalityindefinite period cause mortality

Therefore soon after the yolk sac is absorbed the spawn Therefore soon after the yolk sac is absorbed the spawn should be transferred to nursery pond where they got should be transferred to nursery pond where they got their choice foodtheir choice food

Temporary rearing can be done in hatchery complex for Temporary rearing can be done in hatchery complex for some days in a tank or raceway systemsome days in a tank or raceway system

POINTS TO BE TAKEN CARE POINTS TO BE TAKEN CARE

Transport the brood by Canvas bags filled with water Transport the brood by Canvas bags filled with water to avoid stressto avoid stress

Circulate the water in the breeding pool about an hour Circulate the water in the breeding pool about an hour before the ovulation period and continue till effective before the ovulation period and continue till effective spawning (90-120 minutes)spawning (90-120 minutes)

Don’t allow the spent brood to be in the pool after Don’t allow the spent brood to be in the pool after breeding for more timebreeding for more time

Brood fish should be used within the reproductive age Brood fish should be used within the reproductive age group i.e., 2+ years to 5 years agegroup i.e., 2+ years to 5 years age

There are usually 3 workers on the hatcheries year round. There are usually 3 workers on the hatcheries year round. There are also some 5 worker hatcheriesThere are also some 5 worker hatcheries

Clean all of the equipment that goes in and out of the Clean all of the equipment that goes in and out of the hatcheryhatchery

combat diseases with medication, and create less stressful combat diseases with medication, and create less stressful conditions for the fish conditions for the fish

HATCHERY SANITATION AND HATCHERY SANITATION AND HYGINEHYGINE

Fish egg during incubation, are prone to several Fish egg during incubation, are prone to several infectionsinfections

Most common disease are white spot soft egg & Most common disease are white spot soft egg & SaprolegniaSaprolegnia infection infection

Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitation of Malachite green @ 5 mg/l are used for sanitation of nursery pondsnursery ponds

Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment for fry for 30 Malachite green @ 5mg/l bath treatment for fry for 30 minutesminutes

To avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must be removed To avoid fungal spread, dead eggs must be removed from the tanks every morning from the tanks every morning

STATE-OWNED FISH SEED FARMS

State Number of units Total(in’000ha) Production capacity of 5-cm.fingerling (in millions)

Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh 77 1515 0.10.1

BiharBihar 1717 153153 0.60.6

West BengalWest Bengal 1313 6464 40.040.0

OrissaOrissa 55 7272 14.014.0

Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh 77 4040 12.012.0

Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh 1313 2525 2020

Tamil NaduTamil Nadu 1212 1919 65.065.0

KarnatakaKarnataka 2020 6161 52.052.0

MaharashtraMaharashtra 1212 1818 10.010.0

RajasthanRajasthan 55 1515 25.025.0

PunjabPunjab 77 1616 0.70.7

GujratGujrat 33 55 4.04.0

KeralaKerala 66 55 4.04.0

TotalTotal 127127 508508 247.0247.0

ECO-HATCHERY1. Renovation of tank of 2 ha. Water spread area involving

excavation up to 1 foot depth30,000

2.2. Circular breeding pool & hatching poolsCircular breeding pool & hatching pools

i. Breeding pool of 8 m. diameteri. Breeding pool of 8 m. diameter 30,00030,000

ii. Hatching pools of 3m. ii. Hatching pools of 3m. Diameter @Rs.15,000/-per pool pool 45,00045,000

3.3. Overhead tank of 5000 gallons capacityOverhead tank of 5000 gallons capacity 50,00050,000

4.4. Shallow tube well 8”x6”x200’Shallow tube well 8”x6”x200’ 25,00025,000

5.5. Pump-set ( 5HP)Pump-set ( 5HP) 20,00020,000

6.6. Generator set with 10 KVA alternatorGenerator set with 10 KVA alternator 50,00050,000

7.7. Guard shed and office roomGuard shed and office room 25,00025,000

8.8. Brood stock-5 tonesBrood stock-5 tones 150,000150,000

9.9. Contingent expenses for nets, equipments hapa etc.Contingent expenses for nets, equipments hapa etc. 30,00030,000

TotalTotal 455,000455,000

COST FOR 1 MILLION FRYCOST FOR 1 MILLION FRY

Item Indian Rs.

1.1. Hatchlings, 1.7 million, at Indian Rs.1 100/millionHatchlings, 1.7 million, at Indian Rs.1 100/million 18701870

2. Fertilizers and feeds:2. Fertilizers and feeds:

a.a. Mahua oil cake, 1.7 ton, at @Rs.600/tonMahua oil cake, 1.7 ton, at @Rs.600/ton 10201020

b.b. Lime, 0.33 ton, @Rs. 400/tonLime, 0.33 ton, @Rs. 400/ton 132132

c.c. Kerosene oil, 130I, @ Rs. 1.30/IKerosene oil, 130I, @ Rs. 1.30/I 169169

d.d. Cow dung, 3.5 ton, @ Rs. 100 /tonCow dung, 3.5 ton, @ Rs. 100 /ton 350350

e. e. Rice bran,0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 600/tonRice bran,0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 600/ton 1212

f.f. Mustard oilcake, 0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 1600/tonMustard oilcake, 0.02 ton, at I.Rs. 1600/ton 3232

g.g. wageswages 300300

h.h. Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment)Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment) 10001000

ii MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 16551655

TotalTotal 65406540

COST FOR 1 MILLION FINGERLINGSCOST FOR 1 MILLION FINGERLINGS

Item I. Rs.

1.1. Hatchlings, 3.3 million, at I.Rs. 1 100/millionHatchlings, 3.3 million, at I.Rs. 1 100/million 33003300

2. Fertilizers and feeds:2. Fertilizers and feeds:

a.a. Mahua oil cake, 3.3 ton, @Rs.600/tonMahua oil cake, 3.3 ton, @Rs.600/ton 19801980

b.b. Lime, 0.66 ton, @Rs. 400/tonLime, 0.66 ton, @Rs. 400/ton 266266

c.c. Kerosene oil, 2.64I, @ Rs. 1.30/IKerosene oil, 2.64I, @ Rs. 1.30/I 345345

d.d. Cow dung, 20 ton, @ Rs. 100 /tonCow dung, 20 ton, @ Rs. 100 /ton 20002000

e. e. Rice bran,0.07 ton, I.Rs. 600/tonRice bran,0.07 ton, I.Rs. 600/ton 4242

f.f. Mustard oilcake, 0.07 ton, I.Rs. 1600/tonMustard oilcake, 0.07 ton, I.Rs. 1600/ton 112112

g.g. wageswages 11901190

h.h. Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment)Maintenance (earthwork, water gates and equipment) 19801980

ii MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 21852185

TotalTotal 1340013400

ESTIMATED PRODUCTION COST FOR INDIAN MAJOR CARP SEEDS IN WEST BENGAL COST

FOR 1 MILLION HATCHLINGS

Item I. Rs.

1.1. Brood fish Kg @ Rs.0.2/mgBrood fish Kg @ Rs.0.2/mg 750750

2.2. Pituitary gland, 450mg, Pituitary gland, 450mg, @ Rs.0.2/mg 9090

3.3. Hapas and equipmentHapas and equipment 166166

4.4. WagesWages 6464

5.5. MiscellaneousMiscellaneous 3030

Total Total 11001100

Chinese Fish Hatchery - A few tipsChinese Fish Hatchery - A few tips

The location of a Chinese Hatchery should ideally be on a The location of a Chinese Hatchery should ideally be on a sloping high land for economical construction. sloping high land for economical construction.

If sloping land is available the floor level of the spawn If sloping land is available the floor level of the spawn collection tank should be adjusted to the ground level for collection tank should be adjusted to the ground level for draining out water by gravity. draining out water by gravity.

The level of eggs transfer outlet located at the centre of The level of eggs transfer outlet located at the centre of spawning tank should be about 10 cm. above the level of spawning tank should be about 10 cm. above the level of

central overflow pipe at the top of the hatching tank.central overflow pipe at the top of the hatching tank.

This will enable complete transfer of eggs from the This will enable complete transfer of eggs from the spawning tank to use outside the tanks.spawning tank to use outside the tanks.

Overflowing water from the hatching tank should not Overflowing water from the hatching tank should not be passed on to the spawn collection tanks but should be be passed on to the spawn collection tanks but should be put to use outside the tanks. put to use outside the tanks.

Separate fresh-water supply lines should be installed Separate fresh-water supply lines should be installed from the overheads water tank to each tank i.e. from the overheads water tank to each tank i.e. spawning tank, hatching tanks and spawn collection spawning tank, hatching tanks and spawn collection

tanks in order to ensure independent working of each.tanks in order to ensure independent working of each.

Water spraying arrangements should be provided Water spraying arrangements should be provided for aeration and oxygenation in the three tanks. for aeration and oxygenation in the three tanks.

Eggs transfer pipe should discharge the water Eggs transfer pipe should discharge the water along with eggs into the hatching tank in between along with eggs into the hatching tank in between the two walls of the hatching tank to avoid the two walls of the hatching tank to avoid damage of eggs. damage of eggs.

The walls of the spawning tanks should be The walls of the spawning tanks should be provided with water inlet pipes installed in a provided with water inlet pipes installed in a diagonal position to create a circular water flow diagonal position to create a circular water flow during the spawning period. during the spawning period.

Where water flow is insufficient for circulation, Where water flow is insufficient for circulation, multiple-chambered hatching pools with paddle multiple-chambered hatching pools with paddle wheels for circulation may be constructedwheels for circulation may be constructed