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China’s First Empire. Warring States China. Qin Unification of China: Origins. The Turning Point From Feudal Anarchy to Chinese Empires The State of Qin (Fifth Century BC - Third Century BC) Legalists Welcomed. Qin Shi Huangdi, The First Emperor (246-210 BC). The Qin Empire. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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China’s First Empire
Warring States China
Qin Unification of China: Origins
• The Turning Point From Feudal Anarchy to Chinese Empires
• The State of Qin (Fifth Century BC - Third Century BC)
• Legalists Welcomed
Qin Shi Huangdi, The First Emperor (246-210 BC)
The Qin Empire
The Great Wall of China
• 1400 Miles Long
• 100,000-1 Million Dead to build it
Qin Reform
• Prefecture and County System
• Officials Chosen for Talent
• Aristocrats Stripped of Land
• Standardization of Everything
• Persecution of Non-Legalist Thought
The Backlash
• Huge Taxes
• Huge Death
• Everyone Hates the Qin
• Imperial Collapse: 210-206 BC
The Terracotta Army
Western (“Former”) Han Dynasty (206 BC-8 AD)
Western Han Dynasty
• The Dynastic Cycle and the Mandate of Heaven
• Rise of the Han: Liu Bang (206-195 BC)
• Economic Recovery
Han Wudi (141-87 BC)
• Yellow River-Capital Canal
• Adopts Confucianism
• Major Conqueror
• First Census
• Higher Taxes
• Old Age Paranoia
The Han
• Salt and Iron Debate: Confucius +, Merchants -
• Xiongnu Threat
• The Silk Road
• Centralization of Government
• Confucianization
The Struggle for Power
• Court Officials
• The Empress Dowager (Head Wife)
• Court Eunuchs
• Military Leaders
The Silk Road
Decline and Usurpation
• Evasion of Taxes
• Higher Burden on Peasants– 22 BC: Peasants Rise Up
• Regent Wang Mang the Usurper: 8 AD-23 AD– 23 AD: Rebels Kill Wang Mang, Fight Over His
Corpse
• 25 AD: Liu Xiu restores order
Later Han Dynasty (25-220 AD)
• First Century AD– Prosperity and Military Expansion– Xiongnu Flee West, Become Huns
• Second Century AD– Internal Court Conflict– Landowners with Private Armies– Daoist Revolutionary Movements– Generals Divide the Empire in 220 AD
Three Kingdoms Era (220-280 AD) and
Six Dynasties Era (280-589 AD)
• The Three Kingdoms Era--Mythic Resonance• Semi-Feudalism• South China prospers but government is weak• Nomads Overrun the North but are
Assimilated
Han Thought and Religion
• Han Confucianism– 175 AD: Official Canon in STONE– Uniformity of Language: 100 AD, 9000
Characters– Philosophy of Nature: Virtuous Behavior
Harmonizes Heaven and Earth, Fends Off Disaster
– Inventions: Seismograph, paper, wheelbarrow, stern-post rudder, compass
Han Thought and Religion
• History– Sima Qian (1st Century BC) and Ban Gu (1st
century AD)
• Neo-Daoism / “Mysterious Learning”• Quest for Immortality
– Alchemical innovation is side effect:• Medicines• Dyes and Glazes• Gunpowder
Buddhism Rising
• First Century AD; Seen as Taoist Sect
• Appeal:• It was a doctrine of personal salvation.
• It upheld high standards of personal ethics
• It had systematic philosophy and ties to Indian intellectual life.
• It drew on sophisticated Indian traditions of meditation and psychology.
Buddhism Triumphant
• 5th Century, Widespread
• Journey to the West
• Chinese Buddhism is syncretic
• Mahayana Sects (focused on compassion and savior figures--Boddhisatvas) flourish
• State Regulated