China’s First China’s First CivilizationsCivilizations

Chapter 5, Section 1Chapter 5, Section 1

Did You Know?Did You Know?

Where are the Qinling Mountains? Where are the Qinling Mountains?

AnswerAnswer

They stretch far west to east and form the They stretch far west to east and form the geographic line between north and south geographic line between north and south China.China.

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

The The Huang HeHuang He is also called the what? is also called the what? This river flows how many miles?This river flows how many miles? What did the flooding of the river bring?What did the flooding of the river bring?

AnswerAnswer

Yellow RiverYellow River It flows for more than 2,900 miles across It flows for more than 2,900 miles across

China.China. Flooding of the river brought destruction Flooding of the river brought destruction

but also good farming conditions to China.but also good farming conditions to China.

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

The The Chang JiangChang Jiang is also called what? is also called what? How long is it?How long is it? Where is it?Where is it?

AnswerAnswer

It is also called Yangtze River.It is also called Yangtze River. It is about 3,400 miles long.It is about 3,400 miles long. It flows across central China.It flows across central China.

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

Why does China has very little farmland?Why does China has very little farmland?

AnswerAnswer

China has very little farmland because much of China has very little farmland because much of the country is either mountains or deserts.the country is either mountains or deserts.

China’s GeographyChina’s Geography

When was the “Middle Kingdom” created?When was the “Middle Kingdom” created?

AnswerAnswer

The Middle Kingdom was created after the The Middle Kingdom was created after the Chinese people united to form one kingdom.Chinese people united to form one kingdom.

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question

What effect did the mountains and deserts What effect did the mountains and deserts have on the Chinese people?have on the Chinese people?

AnswerAnswer

The mountains and deserts separated the The mountains and deserts separated the Chinese from most other peoples.Chinese from most other peoples.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the _______ was the center of Archaeologists believe the _______ was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization.

AnswerAnswer

Huang He ValleyHuang He Valley

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty The first rulers were probably part of the_______. Little is The first rulers were probably part of the_______. Little is

known about them.known about them.

AnswerAnswer

Xia dynastyXia dynasty

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty,

__________.. These kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.These kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. ____________ was China’s first capital. It was built during this dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during this dynasty.

AnswerAnswer

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty AnyangAnyang

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang DynastyThe Shang Dynasty Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of Archaeologists believe the Hang He valley was the center of

Chinese civilization.Chinese civilization. The first rulers were probably part of the The first rulers were probably part of the Xia dynastyXia dynasty. Little is . Little is

known about them.known about them. Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, Archaeologists know much more about the next dynasty, the the

ShangShang.. The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C.The Shang kings ruled from about 1750 B.C. to 1045 B.C. AnyangAnyang was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. was China’s first capital. It was built during the Shang dynasty. People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.People of the Shang dynasty were divided into groups.

• The king and his family were the most powerful group.The king and his family were the most powerful group.

• Warlords and other royal official were in the class below.Warlords and other royal official were in the class below. They were They were aristocratsaristocrats: nobles whose wealth came from the land.: nobles whose wealth came from the land.

• Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.Traders and artisans were below aristocrats.

• Most of the lower classes were farmers.Most of the lower classes were farmers.

• Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.Slaves captured during wars were the lowest class.

The Shang Dynasty continuedThe Shang Dynasty continued

People in the Shang dynasty believed in many People in the Shang dynasty believed in many spirits and gods and honored ancestors with spirits and gods and honored ancestors with offerings.offerings. Shang kings believed they received wisdom and power Shang kings believed they received wisdom and power

from the gods, spirits, and ancestors.from the gods, spirits, and ancestors.• Kings asked for help from Kings asked for help from oracle bonesoracle bones..

Early Chinese writing used Early Chinese writing used pictographspictographs: : characters that stand for objectscharacters that stand for objects IdeographsIdeographs: are two or more pictographs joined to : are two or more pictographs joined to

represent an idea.represent an idea. Artisans created many works of ivory and clay but Artisans created many works of ivory and clay but

are best known for their bronze objects. are best known for their bronze objects.

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question

How does the Chinese language differ How does the Chinese language differ from the alphabet system used by from the alphabet system used by Americans?Americans?

In the American alphabet, each letter In the American alphabet, each letter represents a sound. The letters, or represents a sound. The letters, or sounds, are put together to make words: sounds, are put together to make words: ________________

In the Chinese language, each marking, or In the Chinese language, each marking, or symbol, represents a whole word: symbol, represents a whole word: __________________

AnswerAnswer

PhoneticPhonetic SymbolicSymbolic

The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty Wu WangWu Wang: and his followers rebelled : and his followers rebelled

against the ________ Dynasty and against the ________ Dynasty and created the created the _______ Dynasty_______ Dynasty.. The Zhou dynasty ruled The Zhou dynasty ruled LONGERLONGER or or

SHORTERSHORTER than any other dynasty in Chinese than any other dynasty in Chinese history.history.

AnswerAnswer

Shang DynastyShang Dynasty Zhou DynastyZhou Dynasty LongerLonger

The Zhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty______ in the Zhou dynasty served at the head of ______ in the Zhou dynasty served at the head of

the government.the government.• A ___________ (A ___________ (official who are responsible for different official who are responsible for different

areas of government) areas of government) served under the king.served under the king.• The Zhou kingdom was divided into smaller territories.The Zhou kingdom was divided into smaller territories.

Each territory was lead by ___________.Each territory was lead by ___________.

• Zhou kings were thought to be the link between the ____ and Zhou kings were thought to be the link between the ____ and ____.____.

______________ was a heavenly law that gave Zhou kings the ______________ was a heavenly law that gave Zhou kings the power to rule.power to rule.

• It also gave people the right to: ________________.It also gave people the right to: ________________. ________: was the proper way kings were to rule their people.________: was the proper way kings were to rule their people.

AnswerAnswer

KingsKings BureaucracyBureaucracy An aristocratAn aristocrat Gods and the peopleGods and the people The Mandate of HeavenThe Mandate of Heaven overthrow an evil ruleroverthrow an evil ruler The DaoThe Dao

The Zhou Dynasty continuedThe Zhou Dynasty continued

Irrigation and flood-control systems were Irrigation and flood-control systems were developed during the Zhou dynasty.developed during the Zhou dynasty. Farm tools, such as the plow, were developed.Farm tools, such as the plow, were developed.

Silk was an important trade during the Zhou.Silk was an important trade during the Zhou. The “The “Period of Warring StatesPeriod of Warring States” occurred before ” occurred before

the fall of the Zhou dynasty.the fall of the Zhou dynasty. During this time, the local rulers began fighting with During this time, the local rulers began fighting with

each other. each other.

Discussion QuestionDiscussion Question

What innovative weapons and equipment What innovative weapons and equipment were used during the Period of Warring were used during the Period of Warring States?States?

The Chinese used crossbows for fighting The Chinese used crossbows for fighting and invented the saddle and stirrup. and invented the saddle and stirrup.