Chapter 3Chapter 3Regional CivilizationsRegional Civilizations

Section 1Section 1

The World of IslamThe World of Islam

I. The Arabs

A. Semitic-speakingB. Arabian Peninsula

1. Desert2. Nomads3. Farmers/sheepherders4. Camel

a. Caravanb. Townsc. Indian Ocean – Mediterranean

C. Abraham & Ishmael1. Makkah2. Kaaba3. Allah

II. Life of MuhammadA. MerchantB. RevelationsC. Prophet

D. Quran

1. Holy Book2. Islam3. Ethical guidelines and laws

E. MuslimsF. Madinah

1. Hijrah2. 622 became 13. Army4. Hajj

III. Teachings of MuhammadA. MonotheisticB. Five Pillars of IslamC. Prayer x 5D. RamadanE. Pilgrimage

IV. Creation of the Arab Empire

A. Death of MuhammadB. Abu Bakr

1. Merchant/father-in-law2. Caliph

C. Expand by force1. Byzantine2. Syria – Egypt – Persians

D. Death in battle

V. SuccessorsA. Mu’awiyah

1. Governor2. Caliphate3. Umayyad Dynasty4. Damascus5. Berbers6. Spain7. Gaul (France)

B. Abbasid Dynasty

1. Overthrow2. Baghdad3. Splendid rule

a. Harun al-Rashidb. Golden agec. Trade routesd. Break away

C. Seljuk Turks1. Fatimid dynasty

a. Strong armyb. Hired soldiers

2. Seljuk Turksa. Nomadicb. Strongerc. Take overd. Sultan

D. The Mongols

1. Pastoral – Gobi2. Genghis Khan3. Hulegu4. Destroy5. Convert6. Split

VI. Economy and Social StructureA. TradeB. Equal (not)C. Men and women (men dominant)

VII. Brilliance of Islamic CultureA. Greek philosophers

1. Translate2. Spread to Europe

B. Philosophy and Science1. Ibn-Rushd2. Mathematics

3. Natural Science

a. Zerob. Arabic system

4. Astronomya. Astrolabeb. Navigation

5. Medicinea. Ibn Sinab. Medical encyclopedia

C. Art and Architecture1. Blend2. Mosques3. Great Mosque of Samarra

a. Minaretb. Muezzin

Section 2Early African Civilizations

I. The Emergence of Civilization

A. Four distinct climate zones1. Mild2. Deserts

a. Saharab. Kalahari

3. Rain forest4. Savannas

B. Kush1. Nubia2. Egyptian control3. Major trading state

C. Axum1. Arab colony2. King Ezana3. Christian among Islam

II. Royal Kingdoms of West Africa

A. Kingdom of Ghana1. First great2. Niger River valley3. Army4. Gold5. Berbers

a. Nomadicb. “Fleets of the deserts”

B. Kingdom of Mali1. Collapse of Ghana2. Sundiata Keita

a. Founder of countryb. Created strong government

3. Mansa Musaa. Doubled sizeb. Strong central governmentc. Divide into provincesd. Pilgrimage

C. Kingdom of Songhai

1. Sunni Alia. Military leaderb. Trading empire

2. Muhammad Ture

III. Societies in East and South AfricaA. Bantu

1. Coastal trade2. Arabs settle

B. String1. Mogadishu2. Mombasa3. Kilwa

C. South slower1. Zimbabwe2. Walled city3. 10,000

IV. African Society and Culture

A. Less rigidB. Lineage groupsC. Religion varied

1. Gods2. Diviners3. Ancestors

D. Ife1. Serve religion2. Bronze and iron

E. Benin

Section 3

The Asian World

I. China Reunified

A. Han Dynasty1. End2. Chaos3. 300 4. Sui dynasty

B. Tang Dynasty1. 3002. Reforms

a. Examinationsb. Stable economy

3. Tibet4. Rebellion5. Uighurs6. Collapse

C. Song Dynasty

1. Economic prosperity2. Cultural achievement3. Troubles to the north

a. Mongolsb. Wars

D. Government, Economy and Society1. Principles2. Monarchy3. Bureaucracy4. Confucian5. Agriculture/manufacturing/trade

a. Steelb. Gunpowderc. Flamethrower

6. Silk Road7. Prosperity8. Marco Polo9. Vast majority

II. Mongol EmpireA. Mongolia

1. Pastoral2. Clans

B. Genghis Khan1. Eurasian2. Largest3. Khanates4. Europe

C. Mongol Dynasty in China1. Kublai Khan2. Yuan dynasty3. Beijing4. Vietnam5. Chinese political system6. Revolt

D. Religion1. Confucian principles2. Buddhism/Daoism

E. Golden Age in Art and Literature1. Tang and Ming2. Landscape3. Dao/Way – nature 4. Printing5. Poems – nature6. Li Bo

III.Rise of the Japanese StateA. GeographyB. Shotoku Taishi

1. Unify2. Centralized system

a. Limit the powersb. Enhance authorityc. Ruler divine – symbol

C. Nara Period1. Fujiwara clan2. Nara3. Son of Heaven4. Lost power/influence

D. Heian Period1. Kyoto2. Decentralized system3. Samurai

a. Those who serveb. Warriorsc. Bushidod. Warrior codee. The way of the warriorf. Loyalty

E. Kamakura Shogunate1. Civil war2. Shogun3. New system

a. Shogunateb. Emperorc. Actual power

4. Typhoona. Kamikazeb. Divine wind

5. Daimyo

IV. Life and Culture in Early JapanA. Farming society

1. Wet rice2. Trade/manufacturing

a. Paper/iron casting/porcelainb. Intra/Inter trade

B. Religion1. Kami – spirits2. Shinto

a. Sacred Wayb. Way of the Gods

C. Art & architecture

V. India after the GuptasA. Great political disunity

1. Gupta Empire collapse2. No central authority3. Islam success

B. Rajputs1. Hindu warriors2. Failure

C. Impact of Timur Lenk1. Timur Lenk2. Mongol state3. Massacre4. Moguls5. Portuguese

D. Islam and Indian Society1. Foreign conquerors2. Intolerant of other faiths

VI. Civilization in Southeast AsiaA. China and IndiaB. Archipelago

1. Chain of islands2. Indonesia/Philippines

C. Formation of States1. Vietnam

a. Chineseb. Dai Vetc. Confucianism

2. Angkora. Cambodiab. Khmerc. Angkor Thomd. Thaie. Burman

3. Malay Peninsulaa. Tradeb. Not united

D. Society and Culture1. Hereditary aristocrats

a. Political powerb. Major cities

2. Majoritya. Beyond citiesb. Farmers, fishers, artisans and merchants

3. Angkor Wata. Templeb. Most famous/beautiful

Section 4

Emerging Europe and the Byzantine Empire

I. New Germanic Kingdoms

A. Collapse Western Roman Empire1. Three major elements

a. Germanic peoplesb. Legacy of Romansc. Christian church

2. Western Civilizationa. Middle Agesb. Medieval period

B. Clovis1. Kingdom of the Franks2. First3. Modern day France and western Germany

II. Role of the Church

A. Supreme religion1. Increasingly important2. System of organization

B. Pope1. Bishop of Rome2. Claim leadership

C. Monk1. Total dedication2. Monasticism3. Benedictine rule

III. Charlemagne and the CarolingiansA. Frankish kingdomB. Charlemagne

1. Charles the Great2. Expansion3. Carolingian Empire4. Emperor5. Power

IV. Feudalism

A. Death of Charlemagne1. Fall apart2. Invaders

B. Feudalism: a new political & social systemC. Knights and Vassals

1. Vassal: a man who served…a. Leader (King/nobility)b. Landc. Military

2. Knight: armored cavalryD. Feudal Contract

1. Fief2. Unwritten rules

V. Growth of European Kingdoms

A. Kings extend power1. Foundations2. England

B. England in the High Middle Ages1. William of Normandy2. Battle of Hastings3. Monarchy enlarged

a. Henry IIb. Common law

4. Runnymedea. Rebellionb. King John

5. Magna Cartaa. Great Charterb. Kings power not absolutec. Nobles only

6. English Parliamenta. House of Lordsb. House of Commons

C. French Kingdom

1. West Frankish lands2. Hugh Capet3. Capetian4. Little power5. Philip II

D. Holy Roman Empire1. Otto I

a. Saxonb. Popec. Emperor

2. Frederick I/Frederick IIa. Italyb. Holy Roman Empire

3. No real powerE. Central and Eastern Europe

1. Slavic peoples2. Western/Southern/Eastern3. Eastern Orthodoxy

F. Russia

1. Vikingsa. Rulerb. Rus

2. Kiev3. Mongols4. Alexander Nevsky

VI. Byzantine EmpireA. Eastern Roman EmpireB. Justinian

1. Codification2. The Body of Civil Law3. Basis

C. Eastern to Byzantine1. Rise of Islam2. Yarmuk3. Smaller

a. Uniqueb. Greek and Christian

VII. The Crusades

A. Crusades1. Series of military expeditions2. Against Seljuk Turks (Muslims)

B. Pope Urban IIC. Jerusalem

1. Holy Land2. Infidels

D. First onlyE. Crusader states

1. Surrounded2. Fall

F. Effects