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CHILDREN IN ZAMBIACHILDREN IN ZAMBIATHE HOPE AND REALITIESTHE HOPE AND REALITIES
Presented toPresented to
STANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIESSTANFORD UNIVERSITY - CENTRE FOR AFRICAN STUDIESSan FranciscoSan Francisco
February 11, 2004February 11, 2004
ByBy
H.E. H.E. Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-LewanikaDr. Inonge Mbikusita-LewanikaAmbassador Of The Republic Of Zambia
To The United States Of America
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TRADITIONAL SETTING –TRADITIONAL SETTING –PRE-COLONIALPRE-COLONIAL
Aspects still exist in some Rural Areas
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Traditional ‘African’ SocietyTraditional ‘African’ Society
Limited the vulnerability of orphans Protected children from abuse & neglect Provided support to single parents Avoided child-headed households Afforded children equitable access to resources
In traditional pre-colonial African society, children and youth were the collective responsibility of the village and community from pre-natal to adolescence
This provided a strong mentoring system that:
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COLONIALCOLONIAL
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COLONIAL
Missionaries Schools, Health Centres
Colonial Government Limited numbers of schools and
health centres Smaller Population Strong Economies
Communities Self-sufficient in food production
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REALITIESREALITIES
CURRENT SCENARIOS
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CURRENT ZAMBIAN SCENARIOCURRENT ZAMBIAN SCENARIO 16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV16% of Adult Population (15 to 49) is HIV++
Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003]Infection rate is higher in women (18%, men-13%) [NAC Report 2003]
73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 73% of the population lives under the poverty line [SCOPE OVC Notes May 2002]2002]
By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 By the end of 2001, there were an estimated 570,000 AIDS orphans (ages 0 to 14) living in Zambia to 14) living in Zambia
% of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS % of AIDS orphans rose from 11.5% in 1990 to 65.4% in 2001 [UCSF AIDS Research Institute, USA]Research Institute, USA]
Women – affected/infected, care givers.
Orphans - 570,000; 11.5% (1990) to 65.4% (2001) (UCSF Aids Research Institute, USA)
Strain on care givers and families
Depleting workforceBISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDA
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POVERTYPOVERTY 75% - 80% of people below poverty lines of one
US$1 per day Some regions as high as 90% Declined economy due to sale of copper mines and
other servicesRapid and wholesale privatization
Diversification (Agriculture, Tourism, Small-scale Mining
Food Production – Bumper harvest 2002/2003
“Realities on the Ground –Achieving the MDGs in Zambia”Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika
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HEALTH
•IMR (2001) Under 5 – 164 per 1,000
•MMR – 729% PER 100,000.
•Malaria Incidences – doubled from 235 to 375 per 1,000 in 10 years.
•Malaria Fatalities – from 10.6% (1976) to 51.3% (2001)
•Health facilities Fee-paying
•Patients have to bring their own treatment supplies.
•Hospitals, Clinics -More than 10 miles walk in rural areas.
•Exodus of health workers to other countries
•Decline in outreach services and training of TBA
Ministry of Health (Zambia) 2002
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EDUCATION
Successes
• COMMUNITY SCHOOLS.
• Program for the Advancement of Girl’s Education (PAGE).
• Move towards Free Primary Education.
• Pregnant girls can continue education.
“Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia”Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika 2003
Challenges
• Decline in Adult Literacy Programs.
• Fewer teachers in rural areas.
• Longer distances in rural areas.
• Increase in female drop-
out rate by 4th Grade.
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Zambian Children in a Rural Area – Mongu (Children’s Christmas Party by IML Zambian Embassy –
Children of the Staff
Zambian Embassy – Children of the Staff
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HOPES, ASPIRATIONS & DREAMSHOPES, ASPIRATIONS & DREAMSEMBODIED INEMBODIED IN
Millennium Development Goals NEPAD the Vehicle for the African Union Youth led organization and interventions Religious Institutions (The Church) Existing Partnerships Factors in Achieving MDG
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Millennium Development Goals
Eradicate Extreme Poverty and Hunger
Achieve Universal Primary Education
Promote Gender Equality Reduce Child Mortality
“Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in Zambia“By Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika
Improve Maternal Health Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria
and other Diseases Ensure Environmental
Sustainability Develop a Global
Partnership for Development
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NEPADNEPAD
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NEPADNEPAD GOALS
Achieve sustainable growth rate of about 7% in 15 years Ensure that Africa achieves the International Development
goals of Reduction of poverty, infant and maternal mortality rates,
gender equality Education, health and other basic services
AREAS IN NEPAD Peace and Security Democracy and Political Governance Environment and Corporate Governance Human Resource Development Regional Infrastructure Development of Agriculture Market Access Capital Flows Mobilization of Resources Partnerships in Implementing NEPAD
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YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS
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YOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONSYOUTH LED ORGANIZATIONS
Youth Alive (Warriors Against HIV/AIDS) Youth Leadership Forum Youth Entrepreneurs Youth Voters Association YW/MCA Guides/Scouts HIV/AIDS – IYF Initiative
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HIV/AIDS
Drop in youth infections from 20% to 16%.
Involvement of Youth, Faith-based, NGOs, Government
Awareness Campaigns – radio, theater.
National AIDS Council Report 2003 (Zambia).
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RELIGIOUS RELIGIOUS INSTITUTIONSINSTITUTIONS
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THE LAZARUS PROJECTTHE LAZARUS PROJECT
A Partnership of
Northmead Assembly of God Church, Crossroads Christian Communication,
Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA),
and UNICEF Zambia.
BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA
AN EXAMPLE
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Lazarus ProjectLazarus Project
Located in Lusaka with 2 residences for rescued Street children:Located in Lusaka with 2 residences for rescued Street children:
Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs) Chudleigh home (25 boys, 7-12 yrs)
Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs)Project Farm house (30 boys, 13-18 yrs)
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ImpactImpact 25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School25 boys (7-12 yrs) sheltered & placed in School
30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in 30 boys sheltered at Lazarus Farm & engaged in skills training skills training
13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & 13 boys graduated, assisted through micro-finance & integrated in societyintegrated in society
Reaching 150 boys each month through soup daysReaching 150 boys each month through soup days
Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted Dec. 2002 – in partnership with UNICEF- targeted 500 house-holds with love packages500 house-holds with love packages
BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA
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PARTNERSHIPSPARTNERSHIPS
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PARTNERSHIPS
Government
NGOs
Religious Institutions
Schools
Bilateral
Financial Institutions
Multilateral
Gender Policy
Women Groups
Youth Groups
Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika
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Partnering & Leveraging is KEY to success Partnering & Leveraging is KEY to success
ChurchesPara-Church OrgsFaith-Based MediaInter-Faith Partnerships
LocalPartnersCommunitiesGovernmentCBOsNat’l NGOs
Local Communities NGOs Government International Partners Global Fund World Bank UN Agencies Bilaterals
COLLABORATION MODEL
BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BISHOP JOSHUA H.K. BANDABANDA
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FACTORS IN ACHIEVING MDGS
Fair Trade
Girls & Women’s EducationAnd Training
Translation of localResources to Cash
Privatization that BenefitsLocal People
Support to Local femaleEntrepreneurs
““Realities on the Ground – Realities on the Ground – Achieving the MDGs in ZambiaAchieving the MDGs in Zambia””
Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika November Dr. Inonge Mbikusita-Lewanika November 20032003