Those born well above the poverty line 2 work 30% more hours per year and earn 124% more per year than those born below the poverty line 3 … 13.96 years of schooling 11.83 years of schooling Complete an average of 2 more years of school… And are less likely to be overweight as adults… 59% Are overweight 79% Are overweight Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Community Development Department The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Poverty Research shows that poverty in early childhood can have detrimental eﬀects on a range of achievement, behavior, and health outcomes in adulthood. The me between a child’s prenatal year and 5 th birthday is parcularly crical, and incremental increases in parental income during this me period can have profound and posive long-term outcomes. The graphics below highlight some of this research. 1 Utilize social assistance less… $1,087 per year in food stamps $85 per year in food stamps Footnotes: 1 Greg Duncan, Ariel Kalil, and Ziol-Guest Kathleen, "Early -Childhood Poverty and Adult Aainment, Behavior, and Health," Child Development, 81 (2010): 306-325. Values are weighted descripve stascs. Correlaon does not necessarily equal causaon. 2 Born well above the poverty line implies a household income of more than twice the poverty line. 3 All dollar values were adjusted to 2014 levels to account for inﬂaon. 4 Duncan, Kalil and Ziol-Guest (2010). For quesons, please contact William Dowling in the Community Development department at [email protected] 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50 Community development activities that empower low-income parents while their children are still very young can be important interventions. A $3,000 increase in parental income between a child’s prenatal year and fifth birthday could result in an estimated 19% increase in adult income and an additional 135 hours of work per year. 4

Childhood Poverty Infographic · The graphics below highlight some of this research. 1 Utilize social assistance less… $1,087 pe r year in food stamps $85 pe yea in food tamp Footnotes:

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Page 1: Childhood Poverty Infographic · The graphics below highlight some of this research. 1 Utilize social assistance less… $1,087 pe r year in food stamps $85 pe yea in food tamp Footnotes:

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Those born well above the poverty line2 work 30% more hours

per year and earn 124% more per year than those born below the

poverty line3…

13.96 years of schooling 11.83 years of schooling

Complete an average of 2 more years of school…

And are less likely to be overweight as adults…

59% Are overweight

79% Are overweight

Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco Community Development Department

The Lifelong Effects of Early Childhood Poverty Research shows that poverty in early childhood can have detrimental effects on a range of achievement, behavior, and health outcomes in adulthood. The time between a child’s prenatal year and 5th birthday is particularly critical, and incremental increases in parental income during this time period can have profound and positive long-term outcomes. The graphics below highlight some of this research. 1

Utilize social assistance less…

$1,087 per year in food stamps

$85 per year in food stamps

Footnotes: 1 Greg Duncan, Ariel Kalil, and Ziol-Guest Kathleen, "Early-Childhood Poverty and Adult Attainment, Behavior, and Health," Child Development, 81 (2010): 306-325. Values are weighted descriptive statistics. Correlation does not necessarily equal causation. 2 Born well above the poverty line implies a household income of more than twice the poverty line. 3 All dollar values were adjusted to 2014 levels to account for inflation. 4 Duncan, Kalil and Ziol-Guest (2010). For questions, please contact William Dowling in the Community Development department at [email protected]

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 10 20 30 40 50

Community development activities that empower low-income parents while their children are still very young can be important

interventions. A $3,000 increase in parental income between a child’s prenatal year and fifth birthday could result in an

estimated 19% increase in adult income and an additional 135 hours of work per year.4