Erikson (psychosocial) Defines toddlerhood as a time of
autonomy versus shame and doubt: Toddler ready to give up
dependency and assert his sense of control. Toddler may easily
change from happy and pleasant to crying and screaming Exertion of
independence results in favorite response: NO even when he means
Yes Negativism: NO is a normal part of healthy development
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Piaget (cognitive) Sensorimotor stage (12-24 months) Domestic
Mimicry: Delayed imitation (household task) Dramatic Play (Imitate
life with appropriate toys: bowl: eat/hat Starts to think before
acting Capable of following simple directions
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Social/Emotional Development Child will be curious and
energetic but depends on an adults presence for reassurance Child
is very attached to and dependent on parents and likely afraid of
separation from parent Child will imitate actions and games of
others Child enjoys playing with an adult and likes repetitive
games Start being choosey about what he/she eats Child will want to
get things right and can experience unbearable frustration if they
cant achieve mastery over a task.
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Developing Understanding Toddlers have no concept of time and
distance Can sort objects into understandable groups Little
understanding of time so they cant understand what tomorrow means
Recognize similarities and differences in things Remember and copy
past events Improvement in memory
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Physical Skills Rapidly increasing movement from scooting
along, crawling, teetering, to walking confident
http://youtu.be/a8dpAMPGmek http://youtu.be/a8dpAMPGmek
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Language Development Number of words used increases greatly;
between 18 months to 2 years toddlers use as many as 100 or more
words Language understanding improves so toddler can remember two
things at a time Toddlers begin to use words to say how they feel
By two years toddlers begin to tell people what he/she wants them
to do Toddlers often get frustrated because they cant say as much
as they want to or because you dont understand what they are saying
Repeat back what they say in your replies
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Toileting Many parents are eager for children to start being
potty- trained There is not one right way or one right age to learn
Children around the age of 18 months to 2 years old start to become
aware of when they need to use the bathroom Most children are potty
trained by the age of 3 to 3 1/2
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Play Time Hand-eye coordination starts to improve Match and fit
simple blocks and puzzles Simple make believe play Throw and kick
balls Listen to music and dance
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Parenting Read to your child every day American Academy of
Pediatrics says its better if children under 24 months dont watch
any TV Ask child to name body parts or name/find objects Basic
puzzles Allow child to do new activities
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Water Safety Never leave your child alone around water, even
for a moment Bathtubs, pools, lakes Make sure that child cannot get
to nearby sources of water Fence and locked gate around pools Dont
underestimate childs curiosity. If you leave child unsupervised for
even a short amount of time, child may open door and wander out to
nearby pool or pond.
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Safety Around the House With movement and independence child
will begin to explore widely, pulling open every handle, and
twiddling every knob Put things up high that you dont want child to
get into Use safety locks Medicines, chemicals, appliances Sharp
objects such as scissors, pens, knives Cover outlets
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Safety in the Car Keep child in rear-facing car seat for as
long as you can Until child gets to height/weight limit for
specific seat Once your child outgrows rear-facing seat, use a
front facing seat that has a harness Never leave a child in a car
by himself, or herself, even for just a few seconds!
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Healthy Eating Give child water or milk instead of juice or
soda Juice and soda are unhealthy because they have a lot of sugar
Relative to their size, toddlers eat less than infants because they
are not growing as quickly Dont fight with child over food.
Punishing a toddler when he or she does not eat what you want can
make it even harder to get child to eat good things Give some
healthy options and let child chose Remove distractions while the
toddler is eating. Continue to offer child new foods. It takes
children a while to get used to some foods.
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Things to Remember Children grow at different rates and
different times Toddlerhood is a time of great growth, development,
and exploring Emotions and mood can change quickly from happy to
frustrated to angry Have a strong attachment to parents/likely to
be afraid of strangers Children love to copy others
