Chesapeake Bay Stormwater Training Partnership1 WEBCAST: West Virginia Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit July 13, 2010

Chesapeake Bay Stormwater Training Partnership 1

WEBCAST:West Virginia Municipal Separate

Storm Sewer System Permit

July 13, 2010

http://www.cwp.org/cbstp

Created to deliver targeted training on new tools and practices to improve the quality of stormwater runoff.

http://www.chesapeakestormwater.net/

http://www.cwp.org/

http://www.nfwf.org/AM/Template.cfm?Section=Home


Welcome to the Webcast: To Ask a Question – The lower left-hand corner of the

screen contains a chat box. Click on the “Private” tab and then on “Leaders and Assistants”. Place your cursor in the chat box to type your question and click on the arrow to submit it. We will try to answer as many questions as possible during the webcast.

To Answer a Poll Question – Polling questions will appear throughout the webcast. To answer a poll question, click on the radio button to the left of your answer and click submit. Do not type your answer in the chat box.

To Adjust How the Slides Appear on Your Screen – On the top of your screen, click on the small down arrow next to the button that looks like Scroll down to “Zoom” and click on “Auto Fit.”


Welcome to the Webcast To Complete the Webcast Survey – After the

webcast, we will have a short multiple choice survey to get feedback on your experience. Please take a few minutes to fill the survey out so we can identify areas for improvement.

Continuing Education Credits (CEC’s) – We are offering CEC’s) as described in the VA professional licensing regulations, or Professional Development Hours (PDH’s) as described in the WV licensing regulations. The Partnership will provide Certificates of Completion that provide the description and duration of the training event to all attendees for whom we have email addresses.

Resources – After the webcast, we will email a resources sheet, speaker contact information, and the presentation.


Webcast Team

David Hirschman, CWP Julie Schneider, CWP Joe Battiata, CWP

Sherry Wilkins, WV DEP Jeremiah JohnsonCity of Beckley, WV


Webcast Overview

West Virginia’s MS4 Permit (Sherry Wilkins)

Watershed Protection Elements (Julie Schneider)

Site and Neighborhood Design Performance Standards (Joe Battiata)

Local Implementation (Jeremiah Johnson)


WEST VIRGINIA’S SMALL MS4 PERMIT

An OVERVIEW

Sherry WilkinsMS4 program coordinator for the WV DEP


West Virginia’s small MS4 permit

Issued on June 22, 2009

Applies to all regulated small MS4s in the State (WV does not have any medium or large MS4’s)

Includes two transportation agencies, four universities, one correctional institution


WV’s permit contains six minimum control measures as required by Federal Rule;

1. Public Education & Outreach2. Public Involvement 3. Illicit Discharge Detection & Elimination4. Construction Site Runoff Control5. Controlling Runoff from New Development6. Pollution Prevention & Good Housekeeping


5. Controlling Runoff from New Development and Redevelopment


Controlling Runoff from New and Redevelopment

Watershed Protection Elements• These are elements that will be incorporated into a

subdivision ordinance and other applicable policy documents. These could include comprehensive or master plans, general land use plan, zoning code, unified development code, or other documents as appropriate.

Site and Neighborhood DesignThese are site design standards – applicable to new development and redevelopment. There are no provisions in the permit to retrofit existing development.


Watershed Protection Elements

Minimize the amount of impervious surfaces.

Preserve and protect ecologically sensitive areas ie: riparian corridors, headwaters, floodplains and wetlands

Implement stormwater management practices

that reduce thermal impacts to streams

Avoid hydromodification

Implement tree protection standards

Implement policies to protect native soils


Watershed Protection Element – Minimize the amount of impervious surfaces.


Site and Neighborhood Design

A. Performance StandardsB. Plan Review, Approval and EnforcementC. Maintenance AgreementsD. Inventory and Tracking of Management

PracticesE. Stormwater BMP InspectionsF. Reporting


Site and Neighborhood Design

Site design standards require the management of the first one inch of rainfall from a 24 – hour storm preceded by 48 hours of no measurable precipitation. Runoff volume can be achieved by canopy interception, soil amendments, evaporation, rainfall reuse, engineered infiltration, extended filtration and/or evapotranspiration.


Bioretention, rain tanks or cisterns, permeable pavement, soil amendments, roof top disconnections, dry swales, grass channels, green roofs and any practice that will infiltrate, reuse or evapotranspire runoff.


The first one inch of rainfall must be managed on site with no discharge to surface water

except….


…When using extended filtration practices

Bioretention with an underdrain, which must be designed to capture one inch of rainfall.



Extended Filtration orBioretention with underdrain


Incentives – Desirable development

RedevelopmentBrownfield redevelopmentHigh density (>7 units per acre)Vertical density, (FAR of 2 or >18 units per

acre)Mixed use and transit oriented

development

For each type of development, a 0.2” reduction is available, up to a reduction totaling no more than 0.75”


Other Options

When site conditions are unfavorable, mitigation and/or fee in lieu is available.


Schedule of Implementation

MS4’s will have four years to begin implementation of the site and neighborhood design provisions.

Provides time to modify ordinances that support the one inch site design performance standard.

Provides time for demonstration projects


Maximum Extent Practicable

What is MEP?

MEP standard is not a ‘low standard’

Section 402(p)(3)(B)(iii): “…Permits for discharges from municipal storm sewers…shall require controls to reduce the discharge of pollutants to the maximum extent practicable, including management practices, control techniques and system, design and engineering methods, and such other provisions as the Administrator or the State determines appropriate for the control of such pollutants.”


Discharge to impaired waters?

If 303(d) - Must document in the SWMP how the chosen BMP’s will control the pollutant of concern.

If TMDL with an assigned wasteload allocation, then must include BMP’s specifically targeted to achieve the WLA. Must have a monitoring component.

Resources: “Evaluating the Effectiveness of Municipal Stormwater Program” and “Understanding Impaired Waters and TMDL requirements for Municipal Stormwater Programs”


Partnering

Encourage MS4 to partner and work together to accomplish the goals of the permit.

Nested or adjacent MS4’s Discharge into shared waterbodies Development of public outreach campaigns


Goal:Clean water!


Q&A


Watershed Protection Elements (Part 2C5.i.A.)

1. Minimize Impervious surfaces2. Preserve, protect, create and restore

ecologically sensitive areas3. Prevent or reduce thermal impacts to

streams4. Avoid or prevent hydromodification of

streams and other waterbodies5. Protect trees and other vegetation6. Protect native soils


(1) Minimize Impervious Surfaces Are residential street widths reduced to support:

• Travel lanes, on-street parking• Emergency & service vehicles• Based on traffic volume

Is the use of cul-de-sacs minimized through:• Reduce radius• Use alternative turnarounds

Are parking lots designed efficiently to:• Reduce parking ratios• Use of pervious pavement for overflow parking


Not So Good

Good


(2) Preserve, protect, create and restore ecologically sensitive areas

Is there a stream buffer ordinance that:• Includes headwater and perennial streams• Includes wetlands, 100 yr floodplain, steep

slopes• Defines allowable/nonallowable uses• Ensures long term maintenance


Good

Not So Good


(3) Prevent or reduce thermal impacts to streams

Are practices being used to disconnect impervious cover?

Residential• Rain gardens• Rain barrels/cisterns (rainwater harvesting)• French drains• Downspout flow to yard

Parking lot:• Planting trees• Bioretention islands

Require stream buffers


Parking LotResidential


(4) Avoid or prevent hydromodification of streams and other waterbodies

Do the local stream buffer ordinances prohibit piping, filling, and burying of streams?



(5) Protect trees and other vegetation

Does the tree protection ordinance include:• Conserving trees on site• Protecting drip-line• Marking trees to protect on site plan and in the

field

Does the landscape ordinance require protection and planting of trees?

Are trees incorporated in stormwater management practices?


Dry pond planted with trees

Trees protected on site


(6) Protect native soils, prevent topsoil stripping, and prevent compaction of soils

Do local ESC & grading ordinances:

• Minimize disturbance through site fingerprinting

• Protect soils for infiltration


Photo Copyright 1999, Center for Watershed Protection


Resources

Codes and Ordinances Worksheet (COW)

www.cwp.org

EPA Water Quality Scorecardhttp://cfpub.epa.gov/npdes/

greeninfrastructure/munichandbook.cfm

http://www.cwp.org/


Part IIC. Stormwater Management Program for small

MS4s

5. Minimum Control Measure: Controlling Runoff from New Development and Redevelopment;

a. Long Term Stormwater Controls;

ii. Site and Neighborhood Design;


Watershed Protection: Address impacts associated with watershed scale management decisions;

Site and Neighborhood Design: Address impacts associated with individual site plan development.

Long Term Stormwater Controls:


Site and Neighborhood Design:

All development projects disturbing one acre or greater (or < 1 acre and part of a larger common plan of development) must control stormwater discharge:

• rates, • volumes, • velocities, • Durations; and • temperatures


Simple Discharge Hydrographs

-2

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

0 5 10 15 20 25 30

Ru

no

ff

Time

Post-developed with Detention

Post-developed

Pre-developed


Evidence of impacts to receiving aquatic resources are very telling:


A. Performance Standards

1. Site design standards that require management measures that keep and manage on site the first one-inch of rainfall from a 24-hr storm (preceded by 48 hours of no measureable precipitation).


90th Percentile Storm Event

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%

Percentile

Ra

infa

ll D

ep

th [

inc

he

s]

Based on the analysis of precipitation data for West Virginia

90% of the 24 hour (or less) rainfall events are one inch or less.

Inflection Point


A. Performance Standards (contd.)

Runoff volume reduction can be achieved by • canopy interception; • soil amendments; • evaporation; • rainfall harvesting & reuse; • engineered infiltration; • extended filtration; • evapotranspiration; or • any combination of the practices above.


Specific practices include:


dry swales; bioretention; rain tanks and

cisterns; soil amendments; roof top/impervious

disconnections;

permeable pavement; porous concrete; permeable pavers; Reforestation; grass channels; green roofs;

Effective implementation of Watershed Protection Elements 1 though 6 provide a direct benefit in the number and size of stormwater practices


Runoff Reduction Processes

Runoff Reduction is not just infiltration!InfiltrationCanopy Interception EvaporationTranspiration Rainwater Harvesting Extended Filtration


Inflow V. Outflow Rates

0

0.01

0.02

0.03

0.04

0.05

0.06

0.07

0.08

0.09

0.1

1/13/2005 12:00 1/14/2005 0:00 1/14/2005 12:00 1/15/2005 0:00 1/15/2005 12:00 1/16/2005 0:00

Dis

char

ge

(cfs

)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

Dep

th (

in)

Inflow

Outflow

CumulativeRainfall

Source: Dr. William Hunt, North Carolina State University


Stormwater Practices Differ Sharply in Ability to Reduce Runoff Volume

Bioretention, Infiltration, Dry Swales and Related Practices Reduce Runoff Volumes by 50 to 90%

Wet Ponds, ED Ponds and Constructed Wetlands and Filters Reduce Runoff Volumes by zero to 10%


Reported Reductions in Runoff Volume

Losses Due to Exfiltration, Evapotranspiration and Post Storm Delivery

CT: 99%UK: 58% FL: 98%NC: 30 to 65% (4)PA: 80%Aus: 73%WA: 96%MD: 46 to 54%

Key Factors: Infiltration Rate, Media Depth, Hydraulic Gradient and Absence of Underdrain



Rooftop Disconnection



Soil Amendments



Extended filtration practices that are designed to capture and retain up to one inch of rainfall may discharge volume in excess of the first inch through an under drain system.

Bioretention



Infiltration

Permeable Pavement



Dry Swale



Vegetated Roof



Rainwater Harvesting & Reuse



Impervious Disconnectionto Grass Channel


Compliance with the Performance Standard:

Design SpecificationsCompliance Tool:

West Virginia MS4 Stormwater Compliance Spreadsheet




West Virginia DEP Presents:

Contact :Michelle Finney [email protected]: 304-926-0499, ext. #1047

August 17th & 18th in Huntington, WV.

September 28th & 29th in Bridgeport, WV.

MS4 Stormwater Compliance & Design Workshops

mailto:[email protected]


Site and Neighborhood Design Additional Water Quality Requirements:

Hot Spots: activities/operations with demonstrable potential for pollutant loadings.

Activities such as:Automobile service stations; Lawn care, greenhouse, or nursury

operations that handle bulk fertilizers and pesticides; and

operations that handle chemicals.


Stormwater HotspotsThe permittee should implement via

enforceable requirements within their jurisdiction requirements for water quality treatment for pollutants of concern prior to infiltration measures.


Stormwater Hotspots


Watershed Scale Credits Incentives and/or credits for certain types of

development:

a) Redevelopment

b) Brownfield redevelopment

c) High Density (>7 units/ac)

d) Vertical Density (FAR of 2; or > 18 units/ac)

e) Mixed use and Transit oriented development

A reduction of 0.2” from the 1” rainfall treatment standard;

Reductions are additive, up to a maximum of 0.75 inches (resulting in 0.25” treatment requirement)


Offsite Alternatives

For projects that cannot meet 100% of the treatment requirement:

Offsite mitigationPayment in lieu

These options are managed and implemented by the MS4 and can be applied as follows:

up to 0.6” of the treatment requirement;At a 1.5:1 and


Q&A


Will It Work?: The Challenge of Local Implementation

Jeremiah Johnson, CPSWQBeckley, WV Sanitary Board


Permits & Regulations tend to be developed with a perfect world in mind;

It’s never that simple when implementing


Local MS4 Implementation: Solving the Problems of an Imperfect World

Will the Permit Work? How do I make it work?


Local Insights to Implementation:Programmatic/Policy Challenges

• Perspective from building a local SW program from ground up

• Experience working with local developers/designers

Site Level Lessons Learned• Case Studies of Local Green Infrastructure• Constant Learning Process


Beckley, WV Background Phase II MS4 17,000 residents in

City/80,000 residents in county

Economic hub of Southern WV – Crossroads of I-77 & I-64

Streams discharge to New River National River watershed

Our MS4 boundary uses watershed approach

19 square miles• ½ in corporate limits• ½ outside

Formed a stormwater utility in 2007• $3.75/ERU or

$1.25/1,000 sq ft• ~$1 million revenue


Watershed Elements & Neighborhood Design Implementation Policy Challenges in WV:

Existing local subdivision, zoning, and other land-use/development ordinances are weak; [Not just tweaking existing ordinances ]

Local officials are not moving quickly (relative to a 4-year schedule) to update or improve the local ordinances [Who will be the local champion];

Lack of local technical capacity/staff expertise in urban/rural land planning


Local Program Capacity

6 Minimum Control Measures• Cross-division/

operational communication and coordination– Public Affairs– Educator– Legal Expertise– Accountant– Biologist– Engineer– Inspectors– etc.

In WV, reality is:• An Army of One, or• A Few Good Men/

Women How do we overcome

need for human capital?• Local Investment• Funding Source• Collaboration to share

costs


Post Construction Requirements: Will It Work?

There are numerous examples of sites in the WV mountains where the 1” capture will be challenging (geology, slope, soils?)


Site Development: 1” Capture

Overcoming Site Constraints

From the Plans to the ground

Solving green infrastructure supply and

demand issues

• Design

• Vendors

• Builders


Overcoming Site Constraints

Varied conditions across the US;

In WV• Mountains• Rock• Historic Mining Impacts

In Beckley – Sprawl – Commercial Development

exists on refuse/slate dump

– Skelton Mine Complex


From the Plans to the Ground

How do design specifications, plan review, and inspections account for the real world conditions?

State Stormwater Manual• Adaptive management (buy in and on-the-

ground feedback). Technical Assistance

• State MS4 WorkshopsResearch

• Across the US• In WV?


Lessons Learned from Early Adoption

Exhibition Coal Mine Raingarden



Redevelopment = Retrofit



Underdrains – Our Insurance Policy


Lessons: Partnerships

Participation from Volunteer Groups


Lessons: Valued PartnershipsUSDA-ARS

Appalachian Farming Systems Lab• Turfgrass Research• Constructed Soils

Local Source Biofilter Media

Ongoing research cooperative agreement



Exhibition Coal Mine Grass Swale



Planning for Living Systems



Mixed Land Use making a retroFIT



Howe St. Parking Lot Redevelopment


Pervious Concrete vs Bioretention

View of Parking onto Howe St. (Note grade of the street and slope of lot entry)


Bioretention chosen & then . . .

Photo of site conditions – solid rock at 6”.

Modified design into an urban biofilter planter


Planters under construction

Tiered planter cells with terraced overflow weir.

Lower cell outlets via a curbcut.

Planters have perforated underdrains.

Underdrains outlet to a new separate storm sewer


Bioretention Planter at capacity








In the Works

Beckley BIG project• 5 acre downtown redevelopment• 3 bioswales• Over 1 acre greenspace creation

Roberts St Green Infrastructure• Bioretention cells• Overflow subsurface rainwater storage

9 other green infrastructure projects Obstacles for private developmentGreen Infrastructure Supply/Demand


Q&A


Webcast Wrap-UP Webcast Archive – We will be archiving this webcast

and placing it on the CBSTP website. Look for the archive to be posted shortly.

Continuing Education Credits (CEC’s) – We are offering CEC’s) as described in the VA professional licensing regulations, or Professional Development Hours (PDH’s) as described in the WV licensing regulations. The Partnership will provide Certificates of Completion that provide the description and duration of the training event to all attendees for whom we have email addresses.

Resources – After the webcast, we will email a resources sheet, speaker contact information, and the presentation.


Upcoming 2010 Webcasts

September 1 Permeable Pavement Design, Installation, and Maintenance *

October 20 Rooftop Disconnection, Filter Strips & Rainwater Harvesting *

* Register at http://www.cwp.org/CBSTP

http://www.cwp.org/Webcasts

Documents

Chesapeake Bay Stormwater Training Partnership1 WEBCAST: West Virginia Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System Permit July 13, 2010