129

APPENDIX 1

INDIAN UTILITY NETWORK (230kV & 400kV)

The details of 36 Bus Indian Utility Network supplying power to

the Chennai metro city in the State of Tamil Nadu is given below. The actual

system consists of 230 kV lines with Kundah conductor as well as Zebra

conductor. Since the parameters are almost identical for both the Kundah and

Zebra conductors, 230kV zebra conductors are considered for study. For 400

kV lines with twin moose and quad moose conductors are taken as per the

actual system.

Table A1.1 Bus No, name and voltage level of Indian Utility Network

Bus No Bus Name Bus voltage in kV 1 NELLORE400 4002 ETPS 2303 NCTPS 2304 SRIPERUMBUDUR 2305 SUNGUVARCHATRAM 2306 KALIVANTHAPATTU 2307 S. MAMBAKKAM 2308 NOKIA 2309 KADAPERI 230

10 KORATTUR 23011 KOYAMBEDU 230

130

Table A1.1 (Continued)

Bus No Bus Name Bus voltage in kV 12 TARAMANI 23013 GUMMIDIPOONDI 23014 MANALI 23015 BASINBRIDGE 23016 KILPAUK 23017 TONDIARPET 23018 MYLAPORE 23019 VEERAPURAM 23020 SPKOIL 23021 SIRUSERI 23022 SHOLINGANALLUR 23023 MOSUR 23024 ORAGADAM 23025 ARANI 23026 KALPAKKAM 23027 VYASARPADI# 23028 ALAMATHI 23029 ALAMATHI400 40030 SRIPERUBUDUR400 40031 CHITHOOR400 40032 KALIVANTHAPATTU400 40033 SUNGUVARCHATRAM400 40034 NLCTS400 40035 KOLAR400 40036 VALLUR400# 400

Note : # are considered in Case 2

131

Table A1.2 Transmission line data of Indian Utility Network

Line No

From Bus To Bus R

(p.u) X

(p.u) B/2

(p.u) 1 ALAMATHI MANALI 0.00356 0.01897 0.01633

2 ALAMATHI MANALI 0.00356 0.01897 0.01633

3 ALAMATHI MOSUR 0.00798 0.04256 0.03663

4 ALAMATHI NCTPS 0.00548 0.02920 0.02513

5 SRIPERUMBUDUR KORATTUR 0.00466 0..2483 0.02137

6 KORATTUR MANALI 0.00300 0.01600 0.01377

7 KORATTUR KOYAMBEDU 0.00266 0.01419 0.01221

8 KORATTUR KILPAUK 0.00238 0.01270 0.01093

9 SRIPERUMBUDUR KOYAMBEDU 0.00710 0.03786 0.03259

10 SRIPERUMBUDUR TARAMANI 0.00540 0.02879 0.02478

11 TARAMANI VEERAPURAM 0.00480 0.02557 0.02201

12 TARAMANI SHOLINGANALLUR 0.00278 0.01485 0.01278

13 NCTPS GUMMIDIPOONDI 0.00571 0.03044 0.02620

14 SRIPERUMBUDUR GUMMIDIPOONDI 0.01035 0.05519 0.04749

15 ETPS MANALI 0.00105 0.00561 0.00483

16 MANALI TONDIARPET 0.00153 0.00817 0.00703

17 #TONDIARPET BASINBRIDGE 0.00046 0.00024 0.00212

18 BASINBRIDGE MYLAPORE 0.00161 0.00858 0.00738

19 NCTPS KILPAUK 0.00583 0.03110 0.02676

20 NCTPS TONDIARPET 0.00266 0.01419 0.01221

21 NCTPS TONDIARPET 0.00266 0.01419 0.01221

22 ETPS TONDIARPET 0.00128 0.00685 0.00589

23 VEERAPURAM SPKOIL 0.00015 0.00082 0.00071

24 ETPS NCTPS 0.00135 0.00718 0.00618

25 KALIVANTHAPATTU SPKOIL 0.00388 0.02070 0.01782

26 SPKOIL ORAGADAM 0.00379 0.02021 0.01739

132

Table A1.2 (Continued)

LineNo

From Bus To Bus R

(p.u) X

(p.u) B/2

(p.u) 27 KALPAKKAM SPKOIL 0.00473 0.02524 0.02172

28 KALPAKKAM SPKOIL 0.00473 0.02524 0.02172

29 KALIVANTHAPATTU SIRUSERI 0.00368 0.01963 0.01690

30 SIRUSERI SHOLINGANALLUR 0.00232 0.01237 0.01065

31 MOSUR NCTPS 0.01386 0.07391 0.06361

32 SUNGUVARCHATRAM ARANI 0.00866 0.04619 0.03976

33 ARANI KALPAKKAM 0.01609 0.08579 0.07383

34 NCTPS SRIPERUMBUDUR 0.01132 0.06038 0.05197

35 SRIPERUMBUDUR SUNGUVARCHATRAM 0.00928 0.04949 0.04260

36 SRIPERUMBUDUR S. MAMBAKKAM 0.00077 0.00412 0.00355

37 SRIPERUMBUDUR NOKIA 0.00091 0.00487 0.00419

38 SRIPERUMBUDUR ORAGADAM 0.00316 0.01683 0.01448

39 SRIPERUMBUDUR KADAPERI 0.00264 0.01359 0.01330

40 SRIPERUMBUDUR KADAPERI 0.00264 0.01359 0.01330

41 S. MAMBAKKAM NOKIA 0.00063 0.00338 0.00291

42 NELLORE400 ALAMATHI400 0.00190 0.03251 0.67791

43 NELLORE400 ALAMATHI400 0.00190 0.03251 0.67791

44 #ALAMATHI400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00098 0.01009 0.21615

45 #ALAMATHI400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00098 0.01009 0.21615

46 CHITHOOR400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00120 0.01229 0.26326

47 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 KALIVANTHAPATTU 0.00063 0.00647 0.13856

48 SUNGUVARCHATRAM400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00015 0.00155 0.03325

49 SUNGUVARCHATRAM400 NLCTS400 0.00170 0.01747 0.37411

50 KOLAR400 KALIVANTHAPATTU 0.00252 0.02588 0.55424

Note: Thermal capacity of 240 MW and 600 MW/1000MW are considered for 230 kV and 400kV twin /quad conductors respectively # will be modified in Case-2.

133

Table A1.3 Transformer data of Indian Utility Network

From Bus To Bus Circuits R(P.U) X(P.U) Rating

in MVASRIPERUMBUDUR400 SRIPERUMBUDUR230 3 0.00060 0.01202 945

ALAMATHI400 ALAMATHI230 2 0.00090 0.01803 630

SUNGUVARCHATRAM400 SUNGUVARCHATRAM230 2 0.00090 0.01803 630

KALIVANTHAPATTU400 KALIVANTHAPATTU230 2 0.00090 0.01803 630

Table A1.4 Load details of season -1

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAK P

in MW Q

in MVAR P

in MW Q

in MVAR

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 250 30 260 307 S. MAMBAKKAM 54 - 68 38 NOKIA 16 2 17 2-9 KADAPERI 156 44 125 42

10 KORATTUR 140 - 125 -11 KOYAMBEDU 216 104 190 8412 TARAMANI 225 86 236 9513 GUMMIDIPOONDI 189 80 165 8014 MANALI 73 27 71 3215 BASINBRIDGE 42 12 39 516 KILPAUK 91 23 90 2417 TONDIARPET 113 3 117 618 MYLAPORE 124 71 132 7319 VEERAPURAM 77 24 80 3220 SPKOIL 145 - 142 -21 SIRUSERI 99 14 110 1723 MOSUR 176 86 170 4824 ORAGADAM 59 28 63 5225 ARANI 168 3 141 626 KALPAKKAM 180 - 180 -28 ALAMATHI 94 - 89 -

134

Table A1.5 Generation details of season -1

Bus No

Bus Name PEAK OFF PEAK

P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

1 NELLORE400 824 -94 944 -732 ETPS 208 91 204 793 NCTPS 390 100 390 100

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 220 87 220 7926 KALPAKKAM 147 123 146 12331 CHITHOOR400 184 107 180 10534 NLCTS400 480 124 321 11935 KOLAR400 279 35 250 35

Table A1.6 Load details of season -2

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAK P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 260 30 250 347 S.MAMBAKKAM 39 -10 39 118 NOKIA 23 13 17 29 KADAPERI 150 34 144 24

10 KORATTUR 175 - 165 -11 KOYAMBEDU 214 48 198 4212 TARAMANI 236 80 222 8513 GUMMIDIPOONDI 188 48 196 6414 MANALI 62 26 76 3315 BASINBRIDGE 50 23 41 1816 KILPAUK 110 37 99 2517 TONDIARPET 154 69 127 6918 MYLAPORE 114 44 110 4019 VEERAPURAM 69 25 64 3020 SPKOIL 126 - 114 -21 SIRUSERI 97 16 99 1822 SHOLINGANALLUR 39 20 24 923 MOSUR 109 34 110 3724 ORAGADAM 58 14 60 1625 ARANI 121 2 94 126 KALPAKKAM 180 - 180 -28 ALAMATHI 83 - 78 -

135

Table A1.7 Generation details of season -2

Bus No

Bus Name PEAK OFF PEAK

P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

1 NELLORE400 1266 100 1286 502 ETPS 90 523 NCTPS 390 66 300 69

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 40 25 40 3026 KALPAKKAM 166 117 165 11131 CHITHOOR400 160 118 142 11034 NLCTS400 405 136 390 13235 KOLAR400 200 45 200 44

Table A1.8 Load details of season -3

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAK P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 284 30 250 447 S.MAMBAKKAM 29 2 30 58 NOKIA 23 12 17 49 KADAPERI 148 30 125 2010 KORATTUR 153 8 152 -11 KOYAMBEDU 197 69 167 4812 TARAMANI 226 85 193 7313 GUMMIDIPOONDI 158 26 155 2814 MANALI 72 32 63 2015 BASINBRIDGE 48 20 40 2216 KILPAUK 72 36 67 3817 TONDIARPET 143 28 120 2818 MYLAPORE 131 44 94 4419 VEERAPURAM 57 41 57 3620 SPKOIL 145 - 133 -21 SIRUSERI 116 17 102 1522 SHOLINGANALLUR 42 24 28 1023 MOSUR 127 70 87 5024 ORAGADAM 56 4 45 425 ARANI 133 - 115 -26 KALPAKKAM 180 - 180 -28 ALAMATHI 83 - 70 --

136

Table A1.9 Generation details of season -3

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

1 NELLORE400 815 -106 558 -1732 ETPS 200 78 200 473 NCTPS 600 65 530 50

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 190 51 190 3326 KALPAKKAM 60 50 60 5031 CHITHOOR400 150 100 130 7634 NLCTS400 405 113 405 8035 KOLAR400 250 35 250 15

Table A1.10 Load details of season -4

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAK P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 211 20 195 307 S.MAMBAKKAM 41 3 38 28 NOKIA 16 2 16 29 KADAPERI 164 26 132 1810 KORATTUR 124 - 127 -11 KOYAMBEDU 184 84 141 4212 TARAMANI 224 63 179 7313 GUMMIDIPOONDI 132 36 116 3414 MANALI 69 16 42 2015 BASINBRIDGE 41 11 29 1516 KILPAUK 82 7 87 1217 TONDIARPET 130 18 107 1818 MYLAPORE 114 60 109 5619 VEERAPURAM 68 41 61 4120 SPKOIL 161 - 122 -21 SIRUSERI 118 20 101 1922 SHOLINGANALLUR 52 24 34 1123 MOSUR 169 90 136 8024 ORAGADAM 59 9 52 1525 ARANI 188 - 119 -26 KALPAKKAM 180 - 180 -28 ALAMATHI 98 - 86 --

137

Table A1.11 Generation details of season -4

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

1 NELLORE400 704 -130 362 -1932 ETPS 150 70 150 433 NCTPS 580 57 585 50

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 180 48 120 3226 KALPAKKAM 113 100 113 8431 CHITHOOR400 180 48 150 7034 NLCTS400 569 90 569 5535 KOLAR400 190 34 190 15

Table A1.12 Load details of season -5

Bus No Bus Name

PEAK OFF PEAK P in MW Q in MVAR P in MW Q in MVAR

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 260 34 271 307 S.MAMBAKKAM 63 2 64 48 NOKIA 17 2 16 29 KADAPERI 166 40 149 40

10 KORATTUR 130 - 115 -11 KOYAMBEDU 213 63 226 6012 TARAMANI 232 84 220 8613 GUMMIDIPOONDI 175 68 159 6814 MANALI 69 16 46 1415 BASINBRIDGE 31 28 23 3716 KILPAUK 174 7 136 1017 TONDIARPET 120 6 106 618 MYLAPORE 151 81 141 8019 VEERAPURAM 78 38 83 -20 SPKOIL 146 - 114 -21 SIRUSERI 111 19 106 1922 SHOLINGANALLUR 59 30 53 2223 MOSUR 164 60 157 4024 ORAGADAM 70 28 65 2825 ARANI 176 - 141 -26 KALPAKKAM 180 - 180 -28 ALAMATHI 85 - 77 --

138

Table A1.13 Generation details of season -5

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 867 -80 716 -127

2 ETPS 180 90 180 72

3 NCTPS 585 68 585 60

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 220 80 150 72

26 KALPAKKAM 113 100 113 100

31 CHITHOOR400 200 115 190 97

34 NLCTS400 569 115 570 115

35 KOLAR400 190 47 190 35

Table A1.14 Generation mix details for GM schedule-1

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 493 150 -181 -171

2 ETPS 410 84 410 52

3 NCTPS 585 63 585 49

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 260 75 260 32

26 KALPAKKAM 150 105 150 90

31 CHITHOOR400 200 102 200 75

34 NLCTS400 570 122 570 85

35 KOLAR400 250 36 250 15

139

Table A1.15 Generation mix details for GM schedule-2

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 415 -155 -258 -162

2 ETPS 410 83 410 48

3 NCTPS 585 -64 585 -46

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 36 30 260 26

26 KALPAKKAM 250 124 250 78

31 CHITHOOR400 400 109 400 79

34 NLCTS400 570 123 570 82

35 KOLAR400 250 36 250 14

Table A1.16 Generation mix details for GM schedule-3

Bus No

Bus Name PEAK OFF PEAK

Pin MW

Qin MVAR

Pin MW

Qin MVAR

1 NELLORE400 782 -94 98 -193

2 ETPS 200 92 200 45

3 NCTPS 2010 70 210 -48

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 260 80 260 26

26 KALPAKKAM 250 131 250 78

31 CHITHOOR400 400 122 400 79

34 NLCTS400 569 116 570 82

35 KOLAR400 250 44 250 14

140

Table A1.17 Generation mix details For GM schedule-4

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 722 -110 565 -150

2 ETPS 90 60 90 74

3 NCTPS 390 64 390 35

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 40 35 40 35

26 KALPAKKAM 166 112 166 52

31 CHITHOOR400 160 110 160 94

34 NLCTS400 WITH WIND 942 107 945 149

35 KOLAR400 200 41 200 28

Table A1.18 Generation mix details for GM schedule-5

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 48 -170 -105 -168

2 ETPS 402 75 402 66

3 NCTPS 570 58 570 25

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 40 35 40 35

26 KALPAKKAM 250 97 250 44

31 CHITHOOR400 200 95 200 86

34 NLCTS400 WITH WIND 945 150 945 138

35 KOLAR400 250 28 250 20

141

Table A1.19 Generation mix details for GM schedule-6

Bus

NoBus Name

PEAK OFF PEAKP

in MW Q

in MVARP

in MWQ

in MVAR1 NELLORE400 551 -142 395 -170

2 ETPS 200 81 200 68

3 NCTPS 195 61 195 31

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 250 61 250 61

26 KALPAKKAM 160 108 160 55

31 CHITHOOR400 200 102 200 90

34 NLCTS400 WITH WIND 900 155 900 137

35 KOLAR400 250 33 250 24

Table A1.20 Details of capacity addition in generation and transmission

From Bus To Bus R(p.u)

X(p.u)

B/2 (p.u)

1TONDIARPET VYASARPADI 0.00039 0.00206 0.001771VYASARPADI BASINBRIDGE 0.00023 0.00124 0.001062ALAMATHI400 VALLUR400 0.00094 0.00970 0.207842ALAMATHI400 VALLUR400 0.00094 0.00970 0.207842VALLUR400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00069 0.00712 0.152422VALLUR400 SRIPERUMBUDUR400 0.00069 0.00712 0.152423SUNGUVARCHATRAM S.MAMBAKKAM 0.00093 0.00495 0.004263SUNGUVARCHATRAM ORAGADAM 0.00232 0.01237 0.010653SUNGUVARCHATRAM NOKIA 0.00139 0.00742 0.006391 Tondiarpet Basinbridge made LILO at Vyasarpadi in Case 2 1 New Substation at Vyasarpadi(30MW-50MW) in Case 22 Alamathi Sriperumbudur made LILO at Vallur in Case 2 2 Vallur New Generation 1000 MW in Case 23 Additional lines from Sunguvarchatram in Case 2

142

APPENDIX 2

IEEE 6 BUS SYSTEM

Table A2.1 Bus data of IEEE 6 bus system

Bus No Type

V(p.u)

ThetaPGi

MWQGi

MVARPLi

MWQLi

MVARQmin

MVARQmax MVAR

1 Slack 1.05 0 0 0 0 0 0 02 PV 1.05 0 50 0 0 0 -50 100 3 PV 1.07 0 60 0 0 0 -50 150 4 PQ 1.0 0 0 0 70 70 0 05 PQ 1.0 0 0 0 70 70 0 06 PQ 1.0 0 0 0 70 70 0 0

Table A2.2 Line data of IEEE 6 bus system

Sl.No FromBus To BusR

(p.u) X

(p.u) B/2

(p.u) Xmer

tapThermal

limit(MW) 1. 1 2 0.10 0.20 0.02 1 302. 1 4 0.05 0.20 0.02 1 503. 1 5 0.08 0.30 0.03 1 404. 2 3 0.05 0.25 0.03 1 205. 2 4 0.05 0.10 0.01 1 406. 2 5 0.10 0.30 0.02 1 207. 2 6 0.07 0.20 0.025 1 308. 3 5 0.12 0.26 0.025 1 209. 3 6 0.02 0.10 0.01 1 6010. 4 5 0.20 0.40 0.04 1 2011. 5 6 0.10 0.30 0.00 1 20

143

APPENDIX 3

IEEE 30 BUS SYSTEM

Table A3.1 Bus data of IEEE 30 bus system

Bus PG

MWQG

MVARPL

MWQL

MVAR1 0 0 0 02 57.56 2.47 21.7 12.73 0.0 0.0 2.4 1.24 0.0 0.0 7.6 1.65 24.56 22.57 94.2 19.06 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.07 0.0 0.0 22.8 10.98 35.0 34.84 30.0 30.09 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.010 0. 0.0 5.8 2.011 17.93 30.78 0.0 0.012 0.0 0.0 11.2 7.513 16.91 37.83 0.0 0.014 0.0 0.0 6.2 1.615 0.0 0.0 8.2 2.516 0.0 0.0 3.5 1.817 0.0 0.0 9.0 5.818 0.0 0.0 3.2 0.919 0.0 0.0 9.5 3.420 0.0 0.0 2.2 0.721 0.0 0.0 17.5 11.2

144

Table A3.1 (Continued)

Bus PGMWQG

MVARPL

MWQL

MVAR

22 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.023 0.0 0.0 3.2 1.624 0.0 0.0 8.7 6.725 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.026 0.0 0.0 3.5 2.327 0..0 0..0 0.0 0.028 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.029 0.0 0.0 2.4 0.930 0.0 0.0 10.6 1.9

Table A3.2 Transformer data of IEEE 30 bus system

Transformer No Between buses Tap settings 1 6-9 1.0155

2 6-10 0.9629

3 4-12 1.0129

4 28-27 0.9581

Table A3.3 Shunt Capacitor data of IEEE 30 bus system

Bus No Susceptance (p.u)

10 0.19

24 0.04

145

Table A3.4 Line data of IEEE 30 bus system

FromBus

ToBus

R(p.u)

X(p.u)

B/2(p.u)

Thermal Limit (MW)

1 2 0.0192 0.0575 0.0264 104

1 3 0.0452 0.1852 0.0264 104

2 4 0.0570 0.1737 0.0184 52

3 4 0.0132 0.0379 0.0042 104

2 5 0.0472 0.1983 0.0209 104

2 6 0.0581 0.1763 0.0187 52

4 6 0.0119 0.0414 0.0045 72

5 7 0.0460 0.1160 0.0102 56

6 7 0.0267 0.0820 0.0085 104

6 8 0.0120 0.0420 0.0045 25.6

6 9 0.0 0.2080 0.0 52

6 10 0.0 0.5560 0.0 25.6

9 11 0.0 0.2080 0.0 52

9 10 0.0 0.1100 0.0 52

4 12 0.0 0.2560 0.0 52

12 13 0.0 0.1400 0.0 52

12 14 0.1231 0.2559 0.0 25.6

12 15 0.0662 0.1304 0.0 25.6

12 16 0.0945 0.1987 0.0 12.8

14 15 0.2210 0.1997 0.0 12.8

16 17 0.0824 0.1932 0.0 12.8

15 18 0.1070 0.2185 0.0 12.8

146

Table A3.4 (Continued)

FromBus

ToBus

R(p.u)

X(p.u)

B/2(p.u)

ThermalLimit (MW)

18 19 0.0639 0.1292 0.0 12.819 20 0.0340 0.0680 0.0 12.810 20 0.0936 0.2090 0.0 25.610 17 0.0324 0.0845 0.0 25.610 21 0.0348 0.0749 0.0 25.610 22 0.0727 0.1499 0.0 25.621 22 0.0116 0.0236 0.0 25.615 23 0.1000 0.2020 0.0 12.822 24 0.1150 0.1790 0.0 12.823 24 0.1320 0.2700 0.0 12.824 25 0.1885 0.3292 0.0 12.825 26 0.2554 0.3800 0.0 12.825 27 0.1093 0.2087 0.0 12.828 27 0.0 0.3960 0.0 5227 29 0.2198 0.4153 0.0 12.827 30 0.3202 0.6027 0.0 12.829 30 0.2399 0.4533 0.0 20.88 28 0.0636 0.2000 0.0214 25.66 28 0.0169 0.0599 0.0065 25.6

Table A3.5 Regulated bus data of IEEE 30 bus system

Bus No Voltage (p.u) Reactive power limits

Minimum MVAR Maximum MVAR2 1.0338 -20 60

5 1.0058 -15 62.5

8 1.0230 -15 50

11 1.0913 -10 40

13 1.0883 -15 45

147

APPENDIX 4

INDIAN UTILITY NETWORK (230kV)

The 36 bus Chennai city network considered for the sensitivity

index study stated in the Appendix 1 is dominant of 230 kV level and the

most of the contingencies have occurred in these lines. Hence, the network is

reduced to 230 kV level for testing of CSI ranking and CSI and OVI based

ranking. Since the line parameters of Zebra and Kundah conductor are almost

identical, and the practical system has mixed conductors, only the parameters

of Kundah conductor are considered for test purposes.

Table A4.1 Bus No, Name and voltage level of Indian Utility Network

Bus No Bus Name Bus voltage in kV

1 ALAMATHI 230

2 ETPS 230

3 NCTPS 230

4 SRIPERUMBUDUR 230

5 SUNGUVARCHATRAM 230

6 KALIVANTHAPATTU 230

7 S. MAMBAKKAM 230

8 NOKIA 230

9 KADAPERI 230

10 KORATTUR 230

148

Table A4.1 (Continued)

Bus No Bus Name Bus voltage in kV

11 KOYAMBEDU 230

12 TARAMANI 230

13 GUMMIDIPOONDI 230

14 MANALI 230

15 BASINBRIDGE 230

16 KILPAUK 230

17 TONDIARPET 230

18 MYLAPORE 230

19 VEERAPURAM 230

20 SPKOIL 230

21 SIRUSERI 230

22 SHOLINGANALLUR 230

23 MOSUR 230

24 ORAGADAM 230

25 ARANI 230

26 KALPAKKAM 230

149

Table A4.2 Bus data of Indian Utility Network

Bus Type PGiMW

QGiMVAR

PLiMW

QLiMVAR

Qmin MVAR

Qmax MVAR

1 Slack 0 0 130 78 0 02 PV 405 0 0 0 -125 125 3 PV 567 0 0 0 -150 150 4 PV 600 0 285 171 -100 100 5 PV 500 0 130 78 -125 125 6 PV 500 0 0 0 -125 125 7 PQ 0 0 65 39 0 08 PQ 0 0 65 39 0 09 PQ 0 0 195 117 0 010 PQ 0 0 195 117 0 011 PQ 0 60 195 117 0 012 PQ 0 40 195 117 0 013 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 014 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 015 PQ 0 0 65 39 0 016 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 017 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 018 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 019 PQ 0 0 65 39 0 020 PQ 0 0 162.5 97.5 0 021 PQ 0 40 130 78 0 022 PQ 0 40 104 62.4 0 023 PQ 0 0 130 78 0 024 PQ 0 0 65 39 0 025 PQ 0 20 150 90 0 026 PV 280 0 120 72 -100 100

150

Table A4.3 Line data of Indian Utility Network

FromBus

To

Bus

R

(p.u)

X

(p.u)

B/2

(p.u)

Thermal

Limit(MW)

1 3 0.00507 0.0726 0 240

2 3 0.00125 0.0064 0 240

3 4 0.0105 0.054 0 240

4 5 0.0086 0.0443 0 240

4 7 0.00071 0.00369 0 240

4 8 0.00084 0.00435 0 240

4 9 0.00263 0.0135 0 240

7 8 0.00058 0.003 0 240

1 14 0.00329 0.0169 0 240

1 14 0.00329 0.0169 0 240

1 23 0.00739 0.038 0 240

2 14 0.00097 0.005 0 260

2 17 0.00118 0.0061 0 240

3 13 0.00529 0.027 0 240

3 16 0.0054 0.0278 0 240

3 17 0.00246 0.0127 0 240

3 17 0.00246 0.0127 0 240

3 23 0.0128 0.0662 0 240

4 10 0.00431 0.0222 0 240

4 11 0.00658 0.0339 0 240

4 12 0.005 0.025 0 240

4 13 0.00959 0.049 0 240

151

Table A4.3 (Continued)

FromBus

ToBus

R(p.u)

X(p.u)

B/2(p.u)

Thermal Limit(MW)

4 24 0.0029 0.015 0 240

4 30 0.00131 0.0067 0 240

5 25 0.008 0.041 0 240

6 20 0.00359 0.0185 0 264

6 21 0.0034 0.0175 0 240

9 30 0.00131 0.0067 0 240

10 11 0.00246 0.0127 0 240

10 14 0.00278 0.0143 0 240

10 16 0.0022 0.0114 0 240

12 19 0.0044 0.0229 0 240

14 17 0.00142 0.0073 0 240

15 17 0.00043 0.0022 0 240

15 18 0.00149 0.0077 0 240

19 20 0.00014 0.00073 0 240

20 24 0.0035 0.018 0 240

20 26 0.00438 0.023 0 240

20 26 0.00438 0.023 0 240

21 22 0.00215 0.011 0 240

25 26 0.0149 0.0768 0 240

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Table A4.4 Critical Line Contingencies of Indian Utility Network

Contingency From Bus To Bus

1 2 172 2 33 2 144 3 175 3 166 3 137 4 248 1 149 5 4

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APPENDIX 5

FACTS CONTROLLERS

THYRISTOR CONTROLLED SERIED COMPENSATOR (TCSC)

TCSC configuration comprises of controlled reactors in parallel

with fixed capacitor bank. This combination allows smooth control of the

fundamental frequency capacitive reactance over a wide range. The typical

configuration of TCSC is shown in Figure A5.1.

Figure A5.1 Schematic diagram of TCSC

TCSC introduce a number of important benefits in the application

of series compensation:

Elimination of subsynchronous resonance risks

Damping of active power oscillations

Post contingency stability improvement

Dynamic power flow control

The overall result typically appears as increased transfer capacity.

In interconnected power systems, the actual transfer of power from one region

to another might take unintended routes depending on impedances of

transmission lines connecting the areas. TCSC is a useful means for

154

optimizing power flow between regions for varying loading and network

configurations.

An important benefit of TCSC is its ability for quick boosting of its

degree of compensation, making it very useful as a tool for improving the

post-contingency behaviour of networks. By means of this quality of the

TCSC, the degree of compensation of a series capacitor can be increased

temporarily following upon a network contingency, thereby adding to the

dynamic stability of the network (voltage and angular) precisely when it is

needed.

STATIC VAR COMPENSATOR (SVC)

The SVC typically consists of a Thyristor Controlled Reactor

(TCR), a Thyristor Switched Capacitor and a Fixed Capacitor (FC). Installing

an SVC at one or more suitable points in the network can increase transfer

capability and reduce losses while maintaining a smooth voltage profile under

different network conditions.

Below are the benefits of SVC to power transmission,

Stabilized voltage in weak systems

Reduced transmission losses

Increased transmission capacity, to reduce, defer or eliminate the need

for new lines

Higher transient stability limit

Increased damping of minor disturbances

Power oscillation damping

Stabilized voltage at the receiving end of long lines

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SVC is the preferred tool for dynamic reactive power support in

high voltage transmission grids. The SVC will ensure that the system voltage

does not sag even under heavily loaded condition. The configuration of SVC

is shown in Figure A5.2.

Figure A5.2 Schematic diagram of SVC

UNIFIED POWER FLOW CONTROLLER (UPFC)

The UPFC is able to control, simultaneously or selectively, all the

parameters affecting power flow in the transmission line (i.e., voltage,

impedance and phase angle), and this unique capability is signified by naming

it a unified. Alternatively, it can independently control both the real and

reactive power flow in the line. Simplified diagram of UPFC is shown in

Figure A5.3.

Figure A5.3 Schematic diagram of UPFC

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From the diagram the converter 2 performs the main function of

the UPFC by injecting via a series transformer, an AC voltage with

controllable magnitude and phase angle in series with the transmission line.

The basic function of converter 1 is to supply or absorb the real power

demanded by converter 2 at the common DC link. It can also generate or

absorb controllable reactive power and provide independent shunt reactive

compensation for the line. Converter 2 supplies or absorbs the required

reactive power locally and exchanges the active power as a result of the series

injection voltage.

A UPFC can regulate the active and reactive power simultaneously.

In general, it has three control variables and can be operated in different

modes. The shunt connected converter regulates the voltage of bus and the

series connected converter regulates the active and reactive power or active

power and the voltage at the series connected mode. In principle a UPFC is

able to perform the functions of the other FACTS devices namely voltage

support, power flow control and improved stability.

STATIC SYNCHRONOUS COMPENSATOR (STATCOM)

The static compensator consists of a voltage source converter, a

coupling transformer and controls. The diagram of STATCOM is shown in

Figure A5.4,

The STATCOM performance focuses on,

Dynamic voltage stabilization: increased power transfer capability,

reduced voltage variations

Synchronous stability improvements: increased transient stability,

improved power system damping, damping of subsynchronous

resonance

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Dynamic load balancing

Power quality improvement

Steady-state voltage support

Figure A5.4 Schematic diagram of STATCOM

A STATCOM is a shunt connected reactive power compensation

device that is capable of generating or absorbing reactive power and in which

the output can be varied to control the specific parameters of an electric

power system. The STATCOM is a static compensator and is used to regulate

voltage and to improve dynamic stability. A STATCOM can supply the

required reactive power under various operating conditions, to control the

network voltage actively and thus, improve the steady state stability of the

network. STATCOMs have the ability to address transient events at a faster

rate and with better performance at lower voltages than a SVC.