Chemistry 19 - Parkway Schools / Homepage · Chemistry 19.2 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ... of the concepts in Section 19.2 Section Quiz. ... 5/2/2008 12:00:00 AM

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Chemistry 19.2

© Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

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Hydrogen Ions and Acidity

To test a diagnosis of diabetic coma, a doctor orders several tests, including the acidity of the patient’s blood. Results from this test will be expressed in units of pH. You will learn how the pH scale is used to indicate the acidity of a solution and why the pH scale is used.

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Hydrogen Ions from Water

Hydrogen Ions from Water

The reaction in which water molecules produce ions is called the self-ionization of water.

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Hydrogen Ions from Water

In the self-ionization of water, a proton (hydrogen ion) transfers from one water molecule to another water molecule.

19.2


Hydrogen Ions and Acidity >

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Ion Product Constant for Water

Ion Product Constant for Water

How are [H +] and [OH -] related in an aqueous solution?

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Ion Product Constant for Water

For aqueous solutions, the product of the hydrogen-ion concentration and the hydroxide-ion concentration equals 1.0 ×××× 10-14.

Any aqueous solution in which [H+] and [OH-] are equal is described as a neutral solution.

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The product of the concentrations of the hydrogen ions and hydroxide ions in water is called the ion-product constant for water ( Kw).

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An acidic solution is one in which [H+] is greater than [OH-].

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Unrefined hydrochloric acid, commonly called muriatic acid, is used to clean stone buildings and swimming pools.

19.2

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A basic solution is one in which [H+] is less than [OH−]. Basic solutions are also known as alkaline solutions.

19.2

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Sodium hydroxide, or lye, is commonly used as a drain cleaner.

19.2


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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19.1


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Practice Problems for Sample Problem 19.1

Problem Solving 19.10Solve Problem 10 with the help of an interactive guided tutorial.



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The pH Concept

The pH Concept

How is the hydrogen-ion concentration used to classify a solution as neutral, acidic, or basic?

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept

The pH of a solution is the negative logarithm of the hydrogen-ion concentration.

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Calculating pH

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A solution in which [H +] is greater than 1 ×××× 10–7 M has a pH less than 7.0 and is acidic. The pH of pure water or a neutral aqueous solution is 7.0. A solution with a pH greater than 7 is basic and has a [H +] of less than 1 ×××× 10–7 M.

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity19.2 The pH Concept

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity The pH Concept19.2

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Calculating pOH

19.2

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pH and Significant Figures

19.2


SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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19.3


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Measuring pH

Measuring pH

What is the most important characteristic of an acid-base indicator?

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Measuring pH

An indicator is a valuable tool for measuring pH because its acid form and base form have different colors in solution.

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH

Phenolphthalein changes from colorless to pink at pH 7–9.

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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SAMPLE PROBLEM

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Acid-Base Indicators

19.2

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>Hydrogen Ions and Acidity Measuring pH19.2

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Universal Indicators

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pH Meters

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Section Quiz

-or-Continue to: Launch:

Assess students’ understanding of the concepts in Section

19.2 Section Quiz.

19.2.


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19.2 Section Quiz.

1. If the [OH-] in a solution is 7.65 × 10-3M, what is the [H+] of this solution?

a. 7.65 × 10-17M

b. 1.31 × 10-12M

c. 2.12M

d. 11.88M


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19.2 Section Quiz.

2. The [OH-] for four solutions is given below. Which one of the solution is basic?

a. 1.0 x 10-6M

b. 1.0 x 10-8M

c. 1.0 x 10-7M

d. 1.0 x 10-14M


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3. What is the pH of a solution with a hydrogen-ion concentration of 8.5 x 10-2M?

a. 12.93

b. 8.50

c. 5.50

d. 1.07

19.2 Section Quiz.

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Chemistry 19 - Parkway Schools / Homepage · Chemistry 19.2 © Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ... of the concepts in Section 19.2 Section Quiz. ... 5/2/2008 12:00:00 AM