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Chapter 19: Reconstruction Section 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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Page 1: Tx history-ch-19.2

Chapter 19: ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction

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Thinking Question

What come to mind when you here the word

“radical”?

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Andrew Johnson &

Presidential Reconstructio

n

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Radical Republicans & Congressional Reconstruction

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Radical Republicans React• Problems:

– Black codes– Southerners elected people who had

led rebellion– Laws passed that benefited wealthy

landowners– Denying equal rights and violence

against African Americans

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Radical Republicans React•Radical Republicans:

–Believed Congress needed to take a greater role in Reconstruction

–Loyal state governments could only be created with participation of Unionists & African Americans

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Radical Republicans React•Radical Republicans:

–Wanted to give African American men the right to vote

–Pushed the Civil Rights Act of 1866 through Congress

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Radical Republicans React

•President Johnson vetoes Civil Rights Act of 1866:–Believed act gave too much power to federal government

–Rejected principle of equal rights

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Radical Republicans React

•Congress reacts:–Congress overturns veto–14th Amendment to U.S. Constitution—guaranteed citizenship and equal rights to African Americans

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The Reconstruction Acts• 1866 elections: Republicans gain

majorities in both houses of Congress

• Congress passes Reconstruction Acts:– Southern state governments again

declared provisional

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The Reconstruction Acts• Congress passes Reconstruction

Acts:– South divided into 5 military

districts– States had to write new

constitutions guaranteeing African American rights & suffrage

– Ratify 14th Amendment

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The Reconstruction Acts•Marked beginning of

Congressional Reconstruction

•Congressional Reconstruction meant that the terms for rejoining the Union were made more difficult.

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Texas & Louisiana encompassed the Fifth Military District

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The Reconstruction Acts•Philip Sheridan—commander of the Fifth Military District

General Philip Sheridan

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The Reconstruction Acts

•Gen. Sheridan replaces Gov. Throckmorton with Elisha M. Pease

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The Reconstruction Acts•Andrew

Johnson—president who tried to block Congressional Reconstruction

Andrew Johnson

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The Reconstruction Acts•President Johnson impeached by the House in 1866

•President Johnson was NOT removed from office.

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The Texas Republican Party•Congressional Reconstruction

led to development of Republican Party in Texas

•Mostly Unionists, African Americans, & Mexican-Americans

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The Texas Republican Party• Feb 1868: Republicans had strong

turnout in elections for constitutional convention– More than 80% of black men voted– High ranking Confederate and most

prewar officeholders could not vote– 78 of 90 delegates were Republican, 9

were African American

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The Texas Republican Party

•Republican Party splits

–One Faction wanted to put Radical Republicans in power

•Led by E.J. Davis & George T. Ruby

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The Texas Republican Party•George T. Ruby—African American leader of the Union League

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The Texas Republican Party

•Republican Party splits

–Moderate Republicans

•Led by Andrew J. Hamilton

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The Constitution of 1869•Convention of 1868-69

controlled by Republicans

•Gave equal rights to African Americans, including voting

•15th Amendment—gave African American men right to vote

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The Constitution of 1869• The Constitution

– Gave governor power to appoint state judge & officials

– Changed term of governor from 2 to 4 years

– Increased school funding– School attendance compulsory

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The Constitution of 1869• Constitution

approved by wide margin

• E.J. Davis elected governor

• 14th & 15th Amendments ratified

• March 1870: Texas restored to the Union

Edmund J. Davis

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Congressional Reconstruction

Causes Effects• former Confederates and planters again in power in the South

•Freedpeople being denied rights

•Radical Republican belief that federal government needed to take a stronger role in Reconstruction

•Radical Republican belief that Unionists and African Americans had to participate politically to create loyal southern state governments.

• placed under military control

•Required Texas leaders to guarantee rights for African Americans and ratify the Fourteenth Amendment for the state to rejoin the Union

•Right to vote for black Texas men and gains in political office

•Development of Texas Republican Party

•Republican control of Texas government

•Texas restored to Union in 1870