Chemical Vapor Deposition - II-VI Infrared : World's Best ... · PDF fileZinc Sulfide MultiSpectral (ZnS MS) II-VI Incorporated was founded in 1971 to supply better materials ... Zinc

I N FR AR E D I N FR AR E D MATE R IAL S

www.iiviinfrared.com



Chemical Vapor DepositionZinc Selenide (ZnSe) . Zinc Sulfide (ZnS) . Zinc Sulfide MultiSpectral (ZnS MS)

II-VI Incorporated was founded in 1971 to supply better materials to infrared optics producers. Initially producing cadmium telluride, II-VI began producing zinc selenide in the 1980s, and zinc sulfide during the 1990s. Today, II-VI’s vertical integration, from materials growth through precision optics manufacturing, positions the company as the worldwide leader in CO2 laser optics. II-VI Infrared is also the world’s leading producer of ZnSe material. And our ZnS regular and ZnS MultiSpectral materials are used in a growing number of infrared systems both domestically and abroad.

This brochure provides a comprehensive overview of our infrared materials capabilities. For additional information, contact a II-VI Infrared sales and support representative.

Introduction

H2Se Ar

Zinc

Chemical VaporDeposition Furnace

“Alligator Skin”

2-3





Optical Fabrication Options

II-VI offers its infrared materials to customers who have their own optical manufacturing capability. Our ZnSe, ZnS, and ZnS MS are offered in a variety of shapes and configurations.

Sheet MaterialMaterials can be ordered in sheet form by specifying the material’s length x width x thickness. The material will be supplied to minimum +0.200” over the specified length and width. The thickness provided will be minimum +0.010” over specified thickness.

Sufficient Material To Yield (SMTY)Material ordered in this manner will be provided in irregularly shaped configurations that have been measured with templates to ensure they will yield a predetermined quantity of specific diameters. The thickness provided will be minimum +0.010” over specified thickness. It is important to take into account material removal amounts before specifying a SMTY thickness.

Core-Drilled BlanksCore-drilled blanks are initially machined with the closest oversized diameter core-drill tool that’s at least 0.080” greater than the core-drilled blank diameter required by the customer. Core-drilled blanks have no bevels, edge chips will not exceed 0.030”, and thickness is held to +/-0.010”.

Edged BlanksCircular, square or rectangular parts are specified with standard dimensional tolerances of +0.000”/-0.005”. Edged blanks have no bevels, edge chips will not exceed 0.015”, and thickness is held to +/-0.010”. Bevels can be provided when specified by customer.

Generated Curved Lens BlanksBlanks can be ordered with curves generated and edges beveled. Standard thickness tolerance is +/-0.010”. Tolerances on radii depend upon the curve steepness in relation to diameter.

Note: Customer may discuss tighter than the above stated tolerances and specifications with our technical sales staff.





Surface FinishesII-VI Infrared offers the following surface finishes on ZnSe, ZnS, and ZnS MS blanks. Core-drilled blanks may contain any of the standard surface finishes unless otherwise specified.

As Generated (AG)Machined with a 220 grit wheel; produces a dull fine ground finish with generator marks visible to the unaided eye. Requires additional grinding prior to further processing for an optical finish.

Fine Ground (FG)Mechanically lapped using a 15µm aluminum oxide slurry; produces a dull fine-ground finish free of scratches as viewed by the unaided eye.

View Polished (VP)Multi-stage mechanically polished to a transparent finish as viewed by the unaided eye; requires further processing for an optical finish. Used for inspection of internal quality cosmetics to guarantee the visual quality of the material. Edges are beveled and free of chips as viewed by the unaided eye.

Note: All ZnSe and ZnS MultiSpectral materials are view polished to inspect internal quality, regardless of surface finish.

4-5





II-VI Optical Fabrication

II-VI Quality Assurance and Testing

Finished optics manufacturing requires unique techniques coupled with precision-machining and fabrication. II-VI’s Saxonburg plant has provided optical fabrication capabilities to our customers since 1971. On average, our operators have 15 years of optical fabrication experience. Although we specialize in build-to-print work, our state-of-the-art equipment enables production ranging from prototypes to OEM products.

The finished products produced in our facilities include windows, lenses, prisms, modulators, waveplates, mirrors, beamsplitters, and cylinders. In addition to finished optics, we also produce generated, core-drilled, and sufficient material to yield (SMTY) blanks.

The blanking and grinding department is capable of shaping and machining varieties of optical materials and geometries. To achieve our customer’s requirements, II-VI’s skilled technicians utilize computer numeric controlled (CNC) shaping and precision-curve generating equipment.

Polishing is per formed on numerous materials and configurations. Opticians utilize the following methods to polish optics: CNC high-speed polishing, double-sided polishing, conventional-spindle polishing, and cylinder polishing.

The quality of II-VI Infrared’s materials are unsurpassed. Due to the extensive optical fabrication operations at II-VI, the quality assurance program includes thorough testing, documentation, and statistical analysis to ensure that each optic and component performs to established standards. Dimensional and surface testing equipment, both optical and mechanical, coupled with spectrophotometers and precision reflectivity and transmission test systems, guarantee consistent quality. The material absorption is measured by custom designed laser calorimeters. Custom shapes are verified with high precision Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM) measurements.





Zinc Selenide (ZnSe)ZnSe is a preferred material for lenses, windows, output couplers, and beam expanders for its low absorptivity at infrared wavelengths and its visible transmission. For high-power applications, it’s critical that the material bulk absorption and internal defect structure be carefully controlled, that minimum-damage polishing technology be employed, and the highest quality optical thin-film coatings be used. The material absorption is verified by CO2 laser vacuum calorimetry. Our quality assurance department provides testing and specific optics certification on request.

ZnSe optics are routinely polished from 5 to 300 mm in diameter. Sizes greater than 300 mm diameter and 25 mm thick are manufactured to customer requirements.

ZnSe is non-hygroscopic and chemically stable, unless treated with strong acids. It’s safe to use in most industrial, field, and laboratory environments.

Temp °C-180-160-140-120-100-80-60-40-200

20406080

100120140160180200oa

0.632µm7.68.28.79.19.49.7

10.010.210.310.510.610.710.810.911.011.111.311.511.812.10.1

1.15µm5.45.76.06.36.56.66.76.86.97.07.07.07.17.17.27.27.37.47.67.80.1

3.39µm5.05.25.45.65.85.96.06.16.16.26.26.26.36.36.36.46.46.56.66.70.1

10.6µm4.95.15.45.55.75.85.96.06.06.16.16.16.16.26.26.36.36.46.66.70.1

Wavelength

aStandard deviation from a third degree polynomial fit

Thermo-Optic Coefficientdn/dT (10-5°C-1)

A.Feldman et al, “Optical Materials Characterization Final Technical Report Feb. 1, 1978 - Sept. 30, 1978,” National Bureau of Standards Technical Note 933, Pages 53 and 54.

Prism Grade Zinc Selenide II-VI Infrared has the capability to grow prism grade ZnSe exceeding 2.50” thick. Prism grade ZnSe exhibits minimal refractive index variations within the material on planes perpendicular to the growth direction as well as in other directions. Index variations will test to less than 3 ppm at 0.6328 microns regardless of orientation. Prism grade ZnSe is commonly used in thermal imaging systems. Call our technical sales staff to discuss your specific requirements.

. Refractive index variation less than 3 ppm @ 0.6328µm in all directions . Consistent optical performance independent of orientation . Thickness exceeding 2.50”

6-7





Material Properties

Optical PropertiesBulk Absorption Coefficient @ 10.6µmThermo-Optic Coefficient (dn/dT) @ 10.6µmRefractive Index Inhomogeneity @ 0.6328µm

Thermal PropertiesThermal Conductivity @ 20° C Specific HeatLinear Expansion Coefficient @ 20° C

Mechanical PropertiesYoung’s ModulusRupture ModulusKnoop HardnessDensityPoisson’s RatioFracture Toughness

< 0.0005 cm-1

6.1 x 10-5/°C< 3 x 10-6

0.18 W/cm/°C0.356 J/g/°C

7.57 x 10-6/°C

67.2 GPa (9.75 x 106 psi)55.1 MPa (8,000 psi)

105-120 kg/mm2

5.27 g/cm3

0.280.5 x 106 N/m3/2

_

Physical PropertiesStructureDensityGrain SizeInclusionsElectrical DensityDielectric Constant

Cubic zincblende5.27 g/cm3

< 100µmNone > 0.05 mm

> 1012 ohm-cmConsult our technical staff

Wavelength(µm)

0.540.580.620.660.700.740.780.820.860.900.940.981.01.41.82.22.63.03.43.84.24.65.05.45.86.26.67.0

Index

2.67542.63122.59942.57552.55682.54182.52952.51932.51072.50342.49712.49162.48922.46092.44962.44372.44012.43762.43562.43392.43242.43092.42952.42812.42662.42512.42352.4218

Wavelength(µm)

7.47.88.28.69.09.49.810.210.611.011.411.812.212.613.013.413.814.214.615.015.415.816.216.617.017.417.818.2

Index

2.42012.41832.41632.41432.41222.41002.40772.40532.40282.40012.39742.39452.39152.38832.38502.38162.37812.37442.37052.36652.36232.35792.35342.34872.34482.33872.33332.3278

Refractive Indices

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

Wavelength (µm)

Tran

smis

sion

ZnSe Transmission vs. Temperature- 3 mm thick -

400°C300°C

200°C100°C25°C

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Wavelength (µm)

Tran

smis

sion

ZnSe Transmission- 6.3 mm thick -

Temperature °C

dn/

dT

10-5

°C-1

ZnSe Thermo-Optic Coefficient (dn/dT)

0.6328µm1.5µm3.39µm10.6µm

-180

-140

-100 -6

0

-20 20 60 100

140

180

200

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0





Zinc Sulfide (ZnS)ZnS grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at II-VI Infrared exhibits exceptional fracture strength and hardness leading to its frequent choice for military applications or other harsh environments. This material is often used in the 8 to 12 µm region. Its high resistance to rain erosion, high-speed dust, and particulate abrasion, makes it especially suitable for exterior IR windows on aircraft frames.

ZnS has a lower cost relative to ZnSe and ZnS MS, and has potential wherever a tough and strong IR transmitting material is required.

(dn

/dT

(10

-5°C

-1)

ZnS Thermo-Optic Coefficient (dn/dT)

-18

0

-160

-14

0

-120

-10

0

-80

-60

-40

-20 0 20 40 60 80

100

120

140

160

180

200

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

Temperature °C

10.6µm3.39µm1.15µm

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Wavelength (µm)

Tran

smis

sion

ZnS Transmission- 6.3 mm thick -

8-9





Optical PropertiesBulk Absorption Coefficient @ 10.6µmThermo-Optic Coefficient (dn/dT) @ 10.6µmRefractive Index Inhomogeneity @ 10.6µm

Thermal PropertiesThermal Conductivity @ 20° C Specific HeatLinear Expansion Coefficient @ 20° C


< 0.24 cm-1

4.1 x 10-5/°C< 100 x 10-6

0.167 W/cm/°C0.469 J/g/°C6.8 x10-6/°C

74.5 GPa (10.8 x 106 psi)103.4 MPa (15,000 psi)

210-240 kg/mm2

4.08 g/cm3

0.270.8 x 106 N/m3/2

_

Material Properties

Physical PropertiesStructureDensityGrain SizeInclusionsElectrical DensityDielectric Constant


2 to 8 µmNone > 0.5 mm> 1012 ohm-cm

Consult our technical staff

Wavelength(µm)

0.420.460.500.540.580.620.660.700.740.780.820.860.900.940.981.01.41.82.22.6

Index

2.5162.4582.4192.3912.3712.3552.3422.3322.3232.3162.3102.3052.3012.2972.2942.2922.2752.2672.2632.260

Wavelength(µm)

11.011.411.812.212.613.013.413.814.214.615.015.415.816.216.617.017.417.818.2

Index

2.1862.1802.1732.1672.1592.1522.1432.1352.1262.1162.1062.0952.0842.0722.0592.0452.0302.0151.998

Refractive IndicesWavelength(µm)

3.03.43.84.24.65.05.45.86.26.67.07.47.88.28.69.09.49.810.210.6

Index

2.2572.2552.2532.2512.2482.2462.2442.2412.2382.2352.2322.2282.2252.2212.2172.2122.2082.2032.1982.192





Zinc Sulfide MultiSpectral (ZnS MS)ZnS MultiSpectral is II-VI Infrared’s zinc sulfide material treated by a hot isostatic press (HIP) process. Under intense heat and pressure, defects within the crystalline lattice are virtually eliminated, leaving a water-clear material with minimal scatter and high transmission characteristics from 0.4 to 12 µm. This material is particularly well suited for high-performance common aperture systems that must perform across a broad wavelength spectrum.

II-VI Infrared’s extensive capabilities, equipment, and experience enable us to offer ZnS MS material to exacting specifications of dimensional shape and tolerances. ZnS MS material is also available in random sizes and shapes for use as evaporative source material.

0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

ZnS MultiSpectral Transmission- 6.3 mm thick -

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%

Tran

smis

sion

Wavelength (µm)

100%

90%

80%

70%

60%

50%

40%

30%

20%

10%

0%0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16

Wavelength (µm)

Tran

smis

sion

ZnS MultiSpectral Transmission- 6.3 mm thick -

10-11





< 0.20 cm-1

5.4 x 10-5/°C< 20 x 10-6

< 6%/cm

Optical PropertiesBulk Absorption Coefficient @ 10.6µmThermo-Optic Coefficient (dn/dT) @ 0.6328µmRefractive Index Inhomogeneity @ 0.6328µmNear Angle Forward Scatter @ 0.6328µm

Thermal PropertiesThermal Conductivity @ 20 °C Specific HeatLinear Expansion Coefficient @ 20 °C


0.27 W/cm/°C0.527 J/g/°C6.5 x10-6/°C

85.5 GPa (12.4 x 106 psi)68.9 MPa (10,000 psi)

150-160 kg/mm2

4.09 g/cm3

0.271.0 x 106 N/m3/2

_

Material PropertiesPhysical PropertiesStructureDensityGrain SizeInclusionsElectrical ResistivityDielectric Constant


20 to 100 µmNone > 0.2mm> 1012 ohm-cm

Consult our technical staff

_

Wavelength(µm)

0.40470.43580.46780.48000.50860.54610.58760.64380.66780.70650.78000.79480.85210.98431.0140

Index

2.545152.489182.449152.436912.412792.388382.367892.347312.340332.330732.316692.314382.306592.301832.29165

Wavelength(µm)

1.12871.52962.05813.0003.5004.0004.5005.0008.0009.00010.00011.25012.00013.000

Index

2.284852.271912.264422.257722.254982.252312.249552.246612.223342.212902.200842.183172.171012.15252

Refractive Indices

W O R L D W I D E S A L E S O F F I C E S

w w w . i i v i i n f r a r e d . c o m

I N FR AR E D . . . t h e w o r l d l e a d e r i n C O 2 l a s e r o p t i c s

To place an order, contact a II-VI sales representative at any of the following locations, or log onto www.iiviinfrared.com/contact for our most complete and up-to-date contact information.

II-VI TRADING (SUZHOU) CO. LTD.BLOCK D#01-01/04NO. 5 XING HANS STREETSUZHOU INDUSTRIAL PARKSUZHOU, CHINA 215021

86 512 6761 9295 (phone)86 512 6767 1207 (fax)[email protected] (email)

II-VI SINGAPORE PTE. LTD.BLK. 5012, TECHPLACE II#04-07 & 05-07/12,ANG MO KIO AVE. 5SINGAPORE 569876

65 6481 8215 (phone)65 6481 8702 (fax)[email protected] (email)

II-VI JAPANWBG MARIVE EAST 17F2-6 NAKASE, MIHAMA-KUCHIBA-SHI, CHIBA 261-7117JAPAN


II-VI UK LTD.21 BURLEY ROADOAKHAM, RUTLANDLE15 6DHENGLAND


II-VI SUISSE S.a.r.l.MOULIN-DU-CHOC1122 ROMANEL-SUR-MORGESSWITZERLAND


II-VI BENELUX N.V.BAAIKENSSTRAAT 21/29240 ZELEBELGIUM

32 (0) 52 45 86 10 (phone)32 (0) 52 45 86 11 (fax)[email protected] (email)

II-VI INFRARED375 SAXONBURG BLVDSAXONBURG, PA 16056UNITED STATES

888-558-1504 (toll-free in USA)724-352-1504 (phone)724-352-4980 (fax)[email protected] (email)

II-VI DEUTSCHLAND GmbHIM TIEFEN SEE 58D-64293 DARMSTADTGERMANY


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Chemical Vapor Deposition - II-VI Infrared : World's Best ... · PDF fileZinc Sulfide MultiSpectral (ZnS MS) II-VI Incorporated was founded in 1971 to supply better materials ... Zinc