Chemical tankers courseConstructionInert gas plantTanks cleaningHydraulic systemCargo pumpsTanks lp/hp protection

Chemical Tankers Types1. Type 1 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with very severe environmental and safety hazards which require maximum preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.

2. Type 2 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with appreciably severe environmental and safety hazards which require significant preventive measures to preclude an escape of such cargo.

3. Type 3 ship is a chemical tanker intended to transport Chapter 17 of the IBC Code products with sufficiently severe environmental and safety hazards which require a moderate degree of containment to increase survival capability in a damaged condition.[2]

Cargo heatingDeck mounted cargo heaters eliminate the need for in-tank heating coils. The cargo tank interior can be made with flush tank top free from coils, brackets and clamps. A flush tank top facilitates quicker stripping with less cargo remaining in the tank. The cargo tank washing can be performed quicker, with less consumption of washing water and less slop handling.

Cargo coolingThe Framo cargo cooling system enables chemical carriers to also transport low-boiling-point cargoes and semi-gases. Cargoes such as Propylene Oxide and Isoprene are often transported on board chemical carriers which use cooling system to maintain a safe cargo temperature

Cargo circulationTo prevent sediments settling on the tank-top during transport and to maintain the liquid quality, a Framo diffusor can be installed on the outlet of the dropline. During voyage cargo is circulated through the diffusor by running the cargo pump at intervals.

Submerged ballast pumpsInstallation of ballast pumps inside the double side ballast tanks in combination with a submerged cargo pump in each cargo tank make the pump room superfluous. This arrangement provides a safer ship design and make more space available for carrying cargo. Submerged ballast pumps have become the standard arrangement in modern tankers and FPSOs.

Stainless steel chemical tankersThe stainless steel chemical tanker fleet comprises the most sophisticated tankers sailing on the high seas. These ships are constructed with stainless steel cargo tanks, a fully segregated cargo pumping arrangement and designed to carry the most aggressive, corrosive or volatile liquids.

Chemical/product oil tankersMost of the worlds production of vegetable oils, commodity chemicals and refined petroleum products are transported ona large fleet of modern chemical/product tankers. Typically designed with coated cargo tanks, six to eight cargo segregations, no pump room, submerged ballast pumps, in-tank cargo pumps and deck mounted cargo heaters

OBO carriersA one-pump-per-hold system that is easy to operate and clean has been specially designed for combination vessels that are alternating between wet and dry cargoes. The cargo pumps are installed in protective enclosed corrugations between the holds. Cargo piping and cargo heaters are located on deck.

Floating production, storage and offloading (FPSO)FPSOs require the highest standards for safety and operation regularity.A reliable and redundant cargo offloading system is essential.

Inert Gas Properties

SASTAV(Composition)Duik (N2) (By ship IGG)Preko kotla(by Boiler)N299.99 %85 86 %CO21 ppm14 15 %CO1 ppm0.1 0.3 %O21 8 ppm0.1 0.5 %SO2020 ppmH2O5 ppm0.015 gr/nm3rosite- 70 oC50 55 oC

P-v brakers (safety valves)High purity NitrogentankDeck view on ch. Tanker type I

Pranje tankova i zadravanje ostatakaPredpranje (morem na min 20 o vie puta ako treba ili slatkom vodom za neke terete ide na kraj)Pranje (morem ili sl.vodom i kemikalijama izbor prema teretu)Ispiranje (more ili slatka voda toplo ili hladno)Ispiranje slatkom vodom Propuhivanje parom (toluen + inertni plin + ispiranje slatkom vodom za neke terete, npr. alkohol. Test na CH, soli i permanganate)Iscjeivanje (ejektori ili dr. samosisne ili centr. p/p, ili suhi zrak, ili inertni plin pod tlakom)Posuivanje (tankova, cjevovoda, pumpi - suhi zrak, ili inertni plin pod tlakom)

Cargo Tank Washing and residues retentionPrewash (with sea water - min. temp. of 20 o C several times if required or with fresh water for some cargoes prewash residues must be disharged ashore)Main wash (with sea water or s.w. with chemicals choice of chemical depends of cargo)Rinseing (with cold or warm s.w. or f.w.)Fresh Water Rinsing (for cargo tank protection)Steam Purging (toluen + inert gas + f.w. rinsing for some cargo like alcohol. Obligatory test for CH, salts and permanganates)Stripping (centr. pumps, ejektors or others selfpriming pumps or dry air or inert gas under pressure)Drying (tanks, pipelines, pumps with dry air or inert gas under pressure)

The view of cargo tank washing machine driving mechanisam driven by cold or warm fresh or sea water with addition of chemichals (depends of cargo residues)The fast connection for f.w. or s.w. connectionDriving mechanisam

Tank washingconnection

3 osnovne grupe teretaivotinjska i biljna ulja i masti (pranje NaOH ili KOH tankovi od SS ili EP obavezno ispiranje toplom vodom)Mineralna ulja (mjeavina vode, deterenta, emulgatora i sintetikih sapuna, nekad kao dodatak i bazni benzin obavezno ispiranje vodom zbog CH)Petrokemijski proizvodi i druge otopine (kod tereta s niskim rositem isparavanjem / kod tereta s rositem preko 100oC pom. petrokemijskih solvenata, tople vode i pare)

3 Main Cargo GroupsAnimal and vegetable oils and fats (washing with NaOH or KOH SS tanks or EP (epoxy coated) - mandatory rinse with warm water)Mineral oils (washing with a mixture of water, detergents, emulsifiers and synthetic soap, sometimes a supplement of base gasoline should be used FW rinsing is obligatory because of HCPetrochemical products and other solutions (for a cargoes with a low dew point - evaporation - cargoes with a dew point over 100 C should be washed with petrochemical solvents, hot water and steam)

Grijanje(Heating)Recirkulacija(Recirculation)Hlaenje(Cooling)

VANO !Tank je opasan i nekoliko sati (dana) nakon pranjaCheck lista prije ulaza u tankDodavanje aditiva-emulgatora za lake pranje i odravanje kvalitete tereta Paziti na kompatibilnost aditiva, te materijala tankova i opreme s kemikalijamaBalastiranje zabranjeno kod nekih tereta dok se kompletno ne iskrca tank tereta s kojim je balastni tank u dodiru (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, i sl)Odlaganje ostataka u slop-ove (3 stupnja)Fenol zahtijeva konstantnu temp. Od 45-55 (uz aditiv do 60oC) konstantna recirkulacija i ne prekidati iskrcaj (nitko na brod i nitko s broda)

IMPORTANT !Cargo tank is dangerous several hours (days) after washing Before cargo tank entering the check list is obligatory signed by officer in chargeThe aditives emulgators are added into cargoes for easiest washing and cargo quality remaining Pay attention on Cargo tanks matherials and other equipment compatibilities with additivesThe ballasting of ballast tank which is in border with cargo tank is forbiden in the case of higly reactive cargo with sea water (H2SO4, HCl, HNO3, H3PO4, etc.)Cargo tank washing residues must be transfered to sloop tanks (3 stupnja)Fenol (for example) requires the constant temperatures of 45-55 (60oC if additive is added) constant recirculation during unloading and discharging must not be interupted

Sustav hidraulike(Hydraulic System)Pumpe hidraulike (Hydro_pumps - Power Pack) driven by el. motor or diesel motorRazvod na pumpe tereta i ostale ureaje (Hydraulic oil distribution to cargo pumps and other hydraulic equipment)Tlani cjevovod (Pressure Pipes - 200 bar)Povratni vod (Return Pipes - cca. 3 bar)Power Pack qapacity determine the total unloading capacity rate

Oil tankOil FilterOil CoolerHydraulic PumpPressure regulating valveSubmersible centrifugal pump (hydraulicaly driven)Pumps pressure regulator (rpm regulator)CCR Control PanelPressure SensorPressure regulating valve servo motorElectronic control unitEmergency Portable PumpLow pressure pipe connectionPortable pump control unitDischarge pipeline

Daljinska kontrola

Pumpe tereta(Cargo pumps)Jednostepene ili viestepene single or multistagesUronjena pumpa s dugom osovinom (deepwell pump) el. mot. or hydromotor on the deck connected with the pump w. long shaft(submersiblle) hydromotor or el. motor together with the pump into tankPrijenosna uronjena pumpa portable submersible pump

Ceramical sleeve

Propuhivanje koferdama Cofferdam pugingPropuhivanje linije teretaMain cargo line purgingCijev izlaza tereta izlinije tereta Stripping lineCijev za regulaciju tlaka(broja okretaja pumpe) spojs kontrolnom kabinomPipe for remote control connected w. CCRManometar

Drenaa manifolda

Suhi zrak ili duik na pumpu

Pilot-operated is used on any types of tanks

Spring-loaded is used on tanks type C (under pressure)

***********************************