Chemical Coordination and Integration...20 Chemical Coordination and Integration Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Aakash Educational Services Limited - Regd. Office : Aakash Tower,

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SECTION - A

Objective Type Questions

(Endocrine System and Human Endocrine System)

1. Which of the following can be included under heterocrine glands?

(1) Thyroid and parathyroid (2) Pineal gland

(3) Gonads and pancreas (4) Thymus

Sol. Answer (3)

Gonads and pancreas are included under heterocrine glands.

� Heterocrine glands have both exocrine and endocrine functions.

� Exocrine glands release their secretion through ducts while endocrine glands release their secretion into

the blood directly without ducts.

� Heterocrine gland release their secretion through duct system as well as directly into the blood.

– Thyroid, parathyroid, pineal and thymus glands are endocrine in function.

2. Regulating hormones from hypothalamus reach Adeno-hypophysis through

(1) Neuron (2) Neuroendocrine cells (3) Portal blood vessel (4) Diffusion

Sol. Answer (3)

Regulating hormones that are secreted by neuroendocrine cells of hypothalamus is carried to adenohypophysis

via hypophyseal portal blood circulation.

Anteriorpituitary

Posteriorpituitary

Portal circulation

Hypothalamicneurons

Hypothalamus

Chapter 9

Chemical Coordination andIntegration

Solutions

Level - II

20 Chemical Coordination and Integration Solutions of Assignment (Level-II)


3. The anterior pituitary hormone that does not stimulate another endocrine gland is

(1) Somatotrophin (2) Thyrotrophin

(3) Gonadotrophin (4) Adrenocorticotrophin

Sol. Answer (1)

The anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates the release of growth hormone is known as GHRH

(growth hormone releasing hormone) or Somatocrinin.

4. Luteinising hormone (LH) in female

(1) Helps in the appearance of secondary sexual characters

(2) Stimulates ovary to secrete oestradiol

(3) Helps in release of the ovum from the ovary

(4) Controls the blood pressure

Sol. Answer (3)

The luteinising hormone in female helps in release of ovum form the ovary.

The mature graffian follicles that release the ovum, convert to corpus luteum under the influence of FSH. The

corpus luteum secretes progestrone.

5. On surgical removal of pituitary gland there is fall in levels of glucocorticoids and sexcorticoids. This is due

to

(1) Oxytocin is no longer available from pituitary (2) Atrophy of adrenal medulla

(3) Atrophy of adrenal cortex (4) LTH from pituitary is no longer available

Sol. Answer (3)

Surgical removal of pituitary gland results in lack of ACTH which stimulates adrenal cortex of the adrenal gland

to release corticoids. Absence of the ACTH results in atrophy of adrenal cortex.

6. Which pituitary hormone is responsible for enhancing the arterial blood pressure by causing narrowing of

arterioles?

(1) ACTH (2) Somatotropin (3) ADH (4) LTH

Sol. Answer (3)

ADH hormone released by posterior pituitary enhances the arterial blood pressure by causing narrowing of

arterioles.

7. Largest endocrine gland is

(1) Thyroid gland (2) Adrenal gland (3) Thymus (4) Pituitary gland

Sol. Answer (1)

Largest endocrine gland is thyroid gland.

8. Failure of thyroid secretion from infancy leading to dwarfism and mental retardation is included under

(1) Grave's disease (2) Cretinism (3) Simple goitre (4) Myxedema

Sol. Answer (2)

Failure of thyroid secretion from infancy leading to dwarfism and mental retardation is known as cretinism while

in adults the deficiency of thyroid hormone causes myxoedema (gull's disease).

21Solutions of Assignment (Level-II) Chemical Coordination and Integration


9. Name the non-iodinised hormone secreted by parafollicular cells of thyroid

(1) Calcitonin (2) Oxytocin (3) Vasopressin (4) Gonadotrophin

Sol. Answer (1)

Hormones that are secreted by parathyroid glands are PTH (parathyroid hormone) and calcitonin.

Oxytocin : Secereted by hypothalamus

Vasopressin : Secereted by hypothalamus

Gonadotrophin : Secereted by hypothalamus.

10. Symptoms like pot-bellied, pigeon like chest, protruding tongue and mental retardation are of

(1) Myxedema (2) Cretinism (3) Cushing’s Syndrome (4) Addison’s disease

Sol. Answer (2)

Myxedema : (Caused by deficiency of thyroxine)

Puffy appreance, lacking alertness, intelligence and alterness.

Cretinism : (Caused by deficiency of thyroxine)

Patient is pot-bellied, pigeon-chested and has a protruted tongue.

Cushing’s Syndrome : (Oversecretion of cortisol)

Obesity and wasting of limbs muscles.

Males : Excessive hair growth (Hrisutism)

Females : Masculinization, beard and moustache development.

11. Hyposecretion of which hormone is responsible for cretinism?

(1) Thyroxine (2) Parathormone (3) Growth Hormone (4) Calcitonin

Sol. Answer (1)

Hormone responsible for cretinism is thyroxine. Deficiency of thyroxine from childhood results is stunted growth

and mental retardation, known as cretinism.

12. Increase in the excitability of nerves and muscles leading to sustained contraction of the muscles of larynx,

face, hand and feet is due to

(1) Hyper activity of thyroid (2) Hyper activity of parathyroid

(3) Hypoactivity of thyroid (4) Hypoactivity of parathyroid

Sol. Answer (4)

Increase in K+ levels or decrease is Ca2+ levels in the body leads to sustained contraction of the muscles of

larynx, face, hand and feet.

Parathyroid gland releases hormone PTH which is hypercalcemia i.e., increase the blood concentration of Ca2+

by increasing the osteoclast activity.

Decrease in PTH activity leads to lowering of the threshold without changing the resting membrane potential

which ultimately increases the excitability of nerves.

13. Hormone secreted during allergy is

(1) Glucocorticoid (2) Mineralocorticoid (3) Insulin (4) Thyroxine

Sol. Answer (1)

Glucocorticoids is an anti-inflammatory.



14. Deficiency of hormones from adrenal cortex from leads to

(1) Cushing’s disease (2) Conn’s syndrome

(3) Addison’s disease (4) Simmond’s disease

Sol. Answer (3)

Addison's disease in caused due to hyposecretion of adrenal cortex hormones.

15. One of the following symptoms pertain to Addison’s disease

(1) Low plasma Na+, high plasma K+, increased urinary Na+, low blood sugar, vomitting, nausea and diarrhoea

(2) High blood sugar, obesity, wasting of limb muscles, fall in plasma K+, high blood Na+, rise in blood volume

and high blood pressure

(3) Stunted growth, retarded sexual development, mental backwardness

(4) Increase of heart beat, rise in blood pressure, nervousness, bulging eyes, warm skin

Sol. Answer (1)

Function of adrenal cortex' hormone (mineralocorticoids)

→ Increase blood levels of Na+ and water

→ Decrease in blood K+ level

→ Tubular reabsorption of Na+

→ Glycogenolysis

A destruction of adrenal cortex by diseases like tuberculosis produces addison disease due to the deficiency

of both glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids. This condition is known as addison's syndrome and the

consequent symptoms.

Imbalance of K+ leads to vomitting, nausea and diarrhoea.

16. Adrenal virilism results due to

(1) Poor secretion of sex corticoids (2) Excess secretion of sex corticoids

(3) Excess secretion of aldosterone (4) Poor secretion of aldosterone

Sol. Answer (2)

Adrenal virilism : Caused due to excessive secretion of sex corticoids released by zona reticulata of adrenal

cortex.

Symptoms : Produces male type external sex characters such as beard and moustaches and male voice in

women.

17. Secretion of aldosterone in birds, man and other mammals is stimulated by

(1) Fall in concentration of Na+ in blood plasma

(2) Rise in concentration of K+ in blood plasma

(3) Both (1) & (2)

(4) Fall in Ca++ concentration in blood plasma

Sol. Answer (3)

Aldosterone increases the blood plasma Na+ concentration and decreases the plasma K+ concentration.

18. A patient who excretes large quantity of sodium in urine has diseased

(1) Adrenal medulla (2) Adrenal cortex

(3) Pancreas (4) Thymus



Sol. Answer (2)

Adrenal cortex releases mineralocorticoids which increases Na+ and decreases the K+ ions in the blood by

increasing the Na+ absorption in the renal tubules and increase K+ excretion in the urine.

Diseased adrenal cortex results into deficiency of hormone.

19. After receiving a hormonal shot, an asthma patient will get relief in exhaling the air. The hormone injected will

be

(1) Oxytocin (2) Adrenaline (3) Insulin (4) Thyroxine

Sol. Answer (2)

During allergic reaction, histamine is secreted which is a vasodilator. It increases the plasma flow which results

in narrowing of the lumen of bronchioles. This is a case in asthma.

So, adrenaline shots are given which is a vasoconstricter.

20. The hormones produced during emotional stress is

(1) Melatonin (2) Thyroxine (3) Calcitonin (4) Adrenaline

Sol. Answer (4)

Adrenaline is secreted through adrenal medulla during stress conditions.

21. When the normal heart of a man is injected with physiological concentration of adrenaline, it shows

(1) Systolic arrest (2) Decreased rate

(3) Sustained increased rate (4) First increased then normal rate

Sol. Answer (4)

When the normal heart of a man is injected with physiological concentration of adrenaline, first it increases

the heart rate and as the adrenaline's influence decreases, heart rate returns to its normal.

22. Which of the following is the function of Insulin?

(1) Promote synthesis of fats from glucose by adipose tissue

(2) Promote protein synthesis by promoting uptaking aminoacids by liver and muscle cells

(3) Promote conversion of glucose into glycogen

(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Insulin secreted by pancreas

(a) Promotes uptake of fats

(b) Promotes proteins synthesis

(c) Promotes glycogenesis.

23. The organ which was considered vestigial till recently but now confirmed to be endocrine gland is

(1) Thymus (2) Pancreas

(3) Pineal (4) Pituitary

Sol. Answer (3)

Pineal gland was earlier considered to be vestigial gland which was later found to be responsible for secretion

of melatonin which controls circadian rhythm.



24. Which of the statement is incorrect w.r.t. melatonin hormone?

(1) Shows diurnal variation (2) Antigonadial hormone

(3) Secreted by Pineal body (4) Poorly vascularised

Sol. Answer (4)

Pineal gland secretes melatonin. Melatonin regulates diurnal variation also, melatonin is reported to inhibit

sexual development in children. Pineal tumors have been linked to with precocious puberty. When puberty

arrives, melatonin production is reduced.

25. Mammalian thymus is mainly concerned with

(1) Regulation of body temperature (2) Regulation of body growth

(3) Immunological functions (4) Secretion of thyrotropin

Sol. Answer (3)

Thymus gland is the site of maturation of lymphocytes which play major role in the immunological reactions.

It is called Training School of T-lymphocytes.

26. Which of the following gland grows to the maximum size at puberty and then diminishes gradually?

(1) Thymus (2) Pituitary

(3) Thyroid (4) Adrenal

Sol. Answer (1)

Thymus gland present on the dorsal side of the heart which degenerates as the age increases.

27. Relaxin is secreted by which endocrine gland?

(1) Posterior pituitary (2) Anterior pituitary

(3) Pineal (4) Ovary

Sol. Answer (4)

Relaxin is secreted by ovary and placenta. Corpus luteum of ovary secretes the hormone in a regular menstrual

cycle while relaxin is secreted by placenta after pregnancy.

28. Gynaecomastia condition can develop due to

(1) Temporary increase in circulating estrogen in neonates

(2) Temporary increase in circulating estrogen at puberty

(3) Decreased testosterone in later life

(4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Gynaecomastia is the development of mammary glands in the males and the main reason is the hormone

inbalance. While all men have some level of oestrogen but usually have much higher level of testosterone.

� Newborn baby boys : Newborn baby boys may be affected by gynaecomastia because oestrogen passes

through placenta from mother to baby. This condition is temporary and will disappear within weeks.

� Puberty : During puberty, hormone levels vary. If the leves of testosterone drops, oestrogen can cause

breast tissue to grow. This is resolved as boys grow older when hormone levels become more stable.

� Older stage : As men grow older, they produce less testosterone while oestrogen secretion is enlanced

and this inbalance results in gynaecomastia.



29. Placental hormone called chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) which stimulates secretion of progesterone by the ovary

during pregnancy is

(1) Proteinaceous in nature (2) Steroid in nature

(3) Biogenic amine (4) Both (1) & (2)

Sol. Answer (1)

Proteinaceous hormones : Human growth hormone, human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), TSH, FSH, LH,

PTH, (GH)

Peptide hormone : Oxytocin, vasopressin, GnRH, ACTH.

Amine hormones : Epinephrine norepinephrine.

Steroid hormone : Testosterone, oesterogen.

30. High pitch juvenile voice in males can be retained by

(1) Ovariectomy (2) Castration (3) Synorchidism (4) Eunuchoidism

Sol. Answer (2)

Castration : is the surgical or chemical action by which males loses the activity of testes. The testosterone

hormone secteted by testes is responsible for development of secondary sexual characteristics in males which

also involves converting the high pitch voice of males at puberty to low pitch, hoarse voice.

Ovariectomy : is the removal of one or both ovary.

Synorchidism : is the congenital fusion of testes in the abdominal cavity.

Eunuchoidism : an abnormal condition is males characterised by lack of fully developed repuoductive organs

and manifestation of certain female sex characteristics, as high voice on lack of facial and body hair, resulting

from the absence of normal production of male sex hormones.

31. Find the odd one out w.r.t. gland and secretions

(1) Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Sexcorticoids (2) Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Adrenaline

(3) Relaxin, Oestrogen, Progestrone (4) Insulin, Glucagon, Thymosin

Sol. Answer (4)

Adrenal cortex : Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, and sexcortiocoids

Adrenal medulla : Epinephrine, Nor-epinephrine, adrenaline

Ovary : Relaxin, oestrogen progestrone

Pancreas : Insulin, glucagon

Thymus : Thymosin

32. Production, secretion and ejection of milk requires the synergistic effects of prolactin and

(1) Estrogen (2) Progesterone (3) Oxytocin (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Production, secretion and ejection of milk requires synergistic effect of estrogen, progesterone and oxytocin.

Progesterone : Influences the growth in size of alveoli, high levels of progesterone inhibit lactation before birth.

Progesterone level dorps after birth, this triggers the onset of copious milk production.

Estrogen : Stimulates the milk duct system to grow and differentiate. Like progesterone, high levels of esterogen

also inhibits lactation. Estrogen levels also drop at delivery and remain low for the first several months of

breastfeeding.

Prolactin : Contributes the increased growth and differentiation of the alveoli, and also influences differentiation

of ductal structures.

Oxytocin : Contracts the smooth muscle of uterus during and after birth. After birth, oxytocin contracts the

smooth muscle layer of band-like cells surrounding alveoli to squeeze the newly produced milk into the duct

system. Oxytocin is necessary for milk ejection reflex or let-down to occur.



(Mechanism of Hormone Action)

33. “Secondary messenger” is

(1) cAMP (2) ATP (3) ADP (4) DNA

Sol. Answer (1)

Ca2+, cAMP, IP3 act as secondary messengers inside cells.

34. The secondary messenger which shows antagonistic effect to c-AMP in heart muscle is

(1) Ca2+ (2) Inositol triphosphate (IP3)

(3) DAG (4) c-GMP

Sol. Answer (4)

cAMP regulates cardiac ion channels in response to sympathetic stimulation cGMP is reported to block this

cAMP mediated pathway.

35. The hormone which acts through intracelluar receptor protein is

(1) Growth hormone (2) Prolactin (3) Thyroxine (4) Adrenaline

Sol. Answer (3)

Hormones may be

acting via intracellular receptors

: Steroids

: Thyroxine (T3 and T

4)

acting via extracellular receptors

: amino hormones

: proteinaceous hormones

: peptide hormones.

SECTION - B

Previous Years Questions

1. Identify A, B and C in the diagrammatic representation of the mechanism of hormone action.

[NEET-2019(Odisha)]

Response I

Physiological Response

A

B

C

Select the correct option from the following :

(1) A = Protein Hormone; B = Cyclic AMP;

C = Hormone-receptor Complex

(2) A = Steroid Hormone; B = Hormone-receptor Complex; C = Protein

(3) A = Protein Hormone; B = Receptor

C = Cyclic AMP

(4) A = Steroid Hormone; B = Receptor;

C = Second Messenger



Sol. Answer (3)

'A' is a hormone such as FSH that cannot cross lipid bilayer therefore it interacts with the membrane-bound

receptors and does not enter the target cell, but generates second messengers. Peptide, polypeptide, protein

hormones and catecholamines act through this mechanism.

'B' represents the extracellular receptors present on cell surface that forms a hormone-receptor complex which

brings about conformational changes in the cytoplasmic part of the receptor. This cytoplasmic part can

produces second messengers such as Ca+2,cAMP, IP3 etc. which activates the existing enzyme system of

the cell and accelerates the biochemical reactions in the cell.

'C' represents the second messenger.

2. Artificial light, extended work-time and reduced sleep-time disrupt the activity of [NEET-2019(Odisha)]

(1) Posterior pituitary gland (2) Thymus gland

(3) Pineal gland (4) Adrenal gland

Sol. Answer (3)

Artificial light, extended work time and reduced sleep-time disrupt the activity of pineal gland.

Melatonin hormone of pineal gland plays a very important role in the regulation of a

24-hours (diurnal) rhythm of our body. Melatonin helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleep-wake cycle

and body temperature.

3. Which of the following conditions will stimulate parathyroid gland to release parathyroid hormone?

[NEET-2019(Odisha)]

(1) Rise in blood Ca+2 levels (2) Fall in active Vitamin D levels

(3) Fall in blood Ca+2 levels (4) Fall in bone Ca+2 levels

Sol. Answer (3)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a hypercalcemic hormone. i.e. it increases the blood Ca2+ level. PTH acts on bones

and stimulates the process of bone resorption (dissolution/demineralisation). PTH also stimulates reabsorption of Ca2+

by the renal tubules and increases Ca2+ absorption from the digested food.

4. How does steroid hormone influence the cellular activities? [NEET-2019]

(1) Changing the permeability of the cell membrane

(2) Binding to DNA and forming a gene-hormone complex

(3) Activating cyclic AMP located on the cell membrane

(4) Using aquaporin channels as second messenger

Sol. Answer (2)

Steroid hormones directly enter into the cell and bind with intracellular receptors in nucleus to form hormone

receptor complex. Hormone receptor complex interacts with the genome

5. Match the following hormones with the respective disease [NEET-2019]

(a) Insulin (i) Addison's disease

(b) Thyroxin (ii) Diabetes insipidus

(c) Corticoids (iii) Acromegaly

(d) Growth Hormone (iv) Goitre

(v) Diabetes mellitus



Select the correct option.

(a) (b) (c) (d)

(1) (v) (i) (ii) (iii)

(2) (ii) (iv) (iii) (i)

(3) (v) (iv) (i) (iii)

(4) (ii) (iv) (i) (iii)

Sol. Answer (3)

� Insulin deficiency leads to diabetes mellitus

� Hypersecretion or hyposecretion of thyroxine can be associated with enlargement of thyroid gland called

goitre

� Deficiency of corticoids (Glucocorticoid + mineralocorticoid) leads to Addison's disease

� Growth hormone hypersecretion in adults leads to Acromegaly

6. Which of the following is an amino acid derived hormone? [NEET-2018]

(1) Epinephrine (2) Ecdysone

(3) Estriol (4) Estradiol

Sol. Answer (1)

Epinephrine is derived from tyrosine amino acid by the removal of carboxyl group. It is a catecholamine.

7. Which of the following hormones can play a significant role in osteoporosis? [NEET-2018]

(1) Aldosterone and Prolactin (2) Progesterone and Aldosterone

(3) Parathyroid hormone and Prolactin (4) Estrogen and Parathyroid hormone

Sol. Answer (4)

Estrogen promotes the activity of osteoblast and inhibits osteoclast. In an ageing female osteoporosis occurs

due to deficiency of estrogen. Parathormone promotes mobilisation of calcium from bone into blood. Excessive

activity of parathormone causes demineralisation leading to osteoporosis.

8. Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone in adults does not cause further increase in height, because [NEET-2017]

(1) Growth Hormone becomes inactive in adults

(2) Epiphyseal plates close after adolescence

(3) Bones loose their sensitivity to Growth Hormone in adults

(4) Muscle fibres do not grow in size after birth

Sol. Answer (2)

Epiphyseal plate is responsible for the growth of bone which close after adolescence so hypersecretion of

growth hormone in adults does not cause further increase in height.

9. Which hormones do stimulate the production of pancreatic juice and bicarbonate? [NEET (Phase-2)-2016]

(1) Angiotensin and epinephrine (2) Gastrin and insulin

(3) Cholecystokinin and secretin (4) Insulin and glucagon

Sol. Answer (3)

Cholecystokinin and secretin both hormones increase the secretion of pancreatic juice.



10. Graves' disease is caused due to [NEET (Phase-2)-2016]

(1) Hyposecretion of thyroid gland (2) Hypersecretion of thyroid gland

(3) Hyposecretion of adrenal gland (4) Hypersecretion of adrenal gland

Sol. Answer (2)

Grave's disease is due to the hypersecretion of thyroid gland.

11. Name a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose uptake

and utilization. [NEET (Phase-2)-2016]

(1) Insulin (2) Glucagon (3) Secretin (4) Gastrin

Sol. Answer (1)

Insulin is a peptide hormone which acts mainly on hepatocytes, adipocytes and enhances cellular glucose

uptake and utilisation so it decreases the blood glucose level.

12. The posterior pituitary gland is not a 'true' endocrine gland because [NEET (Phase-2)-2016]

(1) It is provided with a duct (2) It only stores and releases hormones

(3) It is under the regulation of hypothalamus (4) It secretes enzymes

Sol. Answer (2)

Posterior pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because it only stores and releases hormones.

13. Which of the following pairs of hormones are not antagonistic (having opposite effects) to each other?

[NEET-2016]

(1) Relaxin - Inhibin

(2) Parathormone - Calcitonin

(3) Insulin - Glucagon

(4) Aldosterone - Atrial Natriuretic Factor

Sol. Answer (1)

Relaxin relaxes the pubic symphysis during parturition while inhibin decreases the secretion of FSH from anterior

pituitary.

14. The amino acid ryptophan is the precursor for the synthesis of [NEET-2016]

(1) Cortisol and Cortisone (2) Melatonin and Serotonin

(3) Thyroxine and Triiodothyronine (4) Estrogen and Progesterone

Sol. Answer (2)

Melatonin and serotonin are derivatives of tryptophan amino acid while thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine are

tyrosine amino acid derivatives.

15. Which one of the following hormones is not involved in sugar metabolism? [Re-AIPMT-2015]

(1) Glucagon (2) Cortisone (3) Aldosterone (4) Insulin

Sol. Answer (3)

16. Which one of the following hormones though synthesised elsewhere, is stored and released by the master

gland? [Re-AIPMT-2015]

(1) Melanocyte stimulating hormone (2) Antidiuretic hormone

(3) Luteinizing hormone (4) Prolactin

Sol. Answer (2)



17. A chemical signal that has both endocrine and neural roles is [AIPMT-2015]

(1) Cortisol (2) Melatonin (3) Calcitonin (4) Epinephrine

Sol. Answer (4)

Epinephrine is hormone as wess as neurotransmitter.

18. Fight-or-flight reactions cause activation of: [AIPMT-2014]

(1) The parathyroid glands, leading to increased metabolic rate

(2) The kidney, leading to suppression of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone pathway

(3) The adrenal medulla, leading to increased secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine

(4) The pancreas leading to a reduction in the blood sugar levels

Sol. Answer (3)

Epinephrine & norepinephrine are released during stress of any kind or emergency situations.

19. Identify the hormone with its correct matching of source and function: [AIPMT-2014]

(1) Oxytocin - posterior pituitary, growth and maintenance of mammary glands

(2) Melatonin - pineal gland, regulates the normal rhythm of sleepwake cycle

(3) Progesterone-corpus-luteum, stimulation of growth and activities of female secondary sex organs

(4) Atrial natriuretic factor - ventricular wall increases the blood pressure

Sol. Answer (2)

Pineal secretes a hormone called melatonin. Melatonin plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24 hour

rhythm of our body.

20. Which of the following statement is correct in relation to the endocrine system? [NEET-2013]

(1) Organs in the body like gastrointestinal tract, heart, kidney and liver do not produce any hormones

(2) Non-nutrient chemicals produced by the body in trace amount that act as intercellular messenger are

known as hormones

(3) Releasing and inhibitory hormones are produced by the pituitary gland

(4) Adenohypophysis is under direct neural regulation of the hypothalamus

Sol. Answer (2)

21. Figure shows human urinary system with structures labelled A to D. Select option which correctly identifies

them and gives their characteristics and/ or functions. [NEET-2013]

B

C

D

A

Kidney

Urinary bladder

(1) B - Pelvis-broad funnel shaped space inner to hilum, directly connected to loops of Henle

(2) C - Medulla - inner zone of kidney and contains complete nephrons

(3) D - Cortex - outer part of kidney and do not contain any part of nephrons

(4) A - Adrenal gland - located at the anterior part of kidney. Secrete Catecholamines which stimulate glycogen

breakdown

Sol. Answer (4)



22. A pregnant female delivers a baby who suffers from stunted growth, mental retardation, low intelligence quotient

and abnormal skin. This is the result of [NEET-2013]

(1) Low secretion of growth hormone (2) Cancer of the thyroid gland

(3) Over secretion of pars distalis (4) Deficiency of iodine in diet

Sol. Answer (4)

23. Select the answer which correctly matches the endocrine gland with the hormone it secretes and its function/

deficiency symptom: [NEET-2013]

Endocrine gland Hormone Function/ deficiency/ symptoms

(1) Posterior pituitary Growth Hormone (GH) Oversecretion stimulates abnormal growth

(2) Thyroid gland Thyroxine Lack of iodine in diet results in goitre

(3) Corpus luteum Testosterone Stimulates spermatogenesis

(4) Anterior pituitary Oxytocin Stimulates uterus contraction during child birth

Sol. Answer (2)

24. Which one of the following pairs of hormones are the examples of those that can easily pass through the cell

membrane of the target cell and bind to a receptor inside it (mostly in the nucleus) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]

(1) Somatostatin, oxytocin (2) Cortisol, testosterone

(3) Insulin, glucagon (4) Thyroxin, Insulin

Sol. Answer (2)

Steroidal hormone are able to cross the cell membrane, they bind to the intracellular receptors and start the

physiological response.

25. Which one of the following pairs of chemical substances, is correctly categorised? [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]

(1) Secretin and rhodopsin - Polypeptide hormones

(2) Calcitonin and thymosin - Thyroid hormones

(3) Pepsin and prolactin - Two digestive enzymes secreted in stomach

(4) Troponin and myosin - Complex proteins in striated muscles

Sol. Answer (4)

26. Match the source gland with its respective hormone as welll as the function. [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

Thyroid ThyroxineRegulates bloodcalcium level

Anteriorpituitary Oxytocin

Contraction of uterusmuscles during childbirth

Posteriorpituitary

Corpusluteum

Vasopressin

Estrogen

Stimulates resorptionof water in the distaltubules in the nephron

Supports pregnancy

Source gland Hormone Function

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)



Sol. Answer (3)

� Thyroid – Thyroxine : Regulates the lipid, protein and carbohydrate metabolisms.

� Posterior pituitary – Oxytocin : Contraction of uterus muscles during child birth.

� Posterior pituitary – Vasopressin : Stimulates resorption of water in the DCT.

� Corpus luteum – Estrogen : Supports pregnancy.

27. Given below is an incomplete table about certain hormones, their source glands and one major effect of each

on the body in humans. Identify the correct option for the three blanks A, B and C. [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011]

Gland Secretion Effect on Body

A

Anterior pituitary

Alpha cells of Islets of Langerhans

Oestrogen Maintenance of secondary

sexual characters

B Raises blood sugar level

C Over secretion leads to gigantism

Options:

A B C

(1) Placenta Glucagon Calcitonin

(2) Ovary Glucagon Growth hormone

(3) Placenta Insulin Vasopressin

(4) Ovary Insulin Calcitonin

Sol. Answer (2)

28. The 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of our body such as the sleep-wake cycle is regulated by the hormone.

[AIPMT (Mains)-2011]

(1) Adrenaline (2) Melatonin (3) Calcitonin (4) Prolactin

Sol. Answer (2)

Melatonin : Secreted by pineal gland regulates the sleep-wake cycle is 24-hour rhythm.

Adrenaline : Secreted by adrenal medulla and controls the stress-response.

Calcitonin : Secreted by thyroid gland, also known as thyrocalcitonin. It regulates the calcium harmostasis.

Prolactin : Stimulates the mammary gland for production of milk.

29. Injury to adrenal cortex is not likely to affect the secretion of which one of the following?

[AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) Cortisol (2) Aldosterone

(3) Both androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone (4) Adrenaline

Sol. Answer (4)

30. Which one of the following pairs is incorrectly matched? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2010]

(1) Insulin–Diabetes mellitus (disease) (2) Glucagon – Beta cells (source)

(3) Somatostatin – Delta cells (source) (4) Corpus luteum – Relaxin (secretion)

Sol. Answer (2)

Glucagon is secreted by α-cells of pancreas.



31. Toxic agents present in food which interfere with thyroxine synthesis lead to the development of


(1) Thyrotoxicosis (2) Toxic goitre (3) Cretinism (4) Simple goitre

Sol. Answer (4)

Toxic agents present inside the food which interferes with the production of thyroxine hormone causes simple

goitre.

� Cretinism : Caused by deficiency of thyroxine before puberty.

� Thyrotoxicosis : (Hyperthyroidisin) It is excess secretion of thyroxine e.g. graves disease.

� Toxic goitre / multinodular goiter : is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess

production of thyroid hormone by functionally autonomous thyroid modules, which do not require stimulation

from TSH.

32. Select the correct matching of a hormone, its source and function [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]

Increases loss ofVasopression(1) Posterior pituitary

water through urine

Increases heartNorepinephrine Adrenal medulla(2)

beat, rate of respiration

and alertness

Beta-cells of lslets(3) Glucagon

of lang

Hormone Source Function

Stimulates glycogenolysis

erhans

Regulates growth of mammaryPosterior Pituitary(4) Prolactin

glands and milk formation in

females

Sol. Answer (2)

Vasopressin Posterior piuitary Increases absouption of water through urine

Norepinephrine Adrenal medulla Increases heart beat, rate of respiration and alertness

Glucagon α-cells of Islets of Stimulates glycogenolysis

langerhans

Prolactin Anterior pituitary Regulates growth of mammary gland and milk

formation in females.

33. The letter T in T-lymphocyte refers to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Thalamus (2) Tonsil (3) Thymus (4) Thyroid

Sol. Answer (3)

34. A health disorder that results from the deficiency of thyroxine in adults and characterised by (i) a low metabolic

rate, (ii) increase in body weight and (iii) tendency to retain water in tissues is: [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]

(1) Simple goitre (2) Myxoedema

(3) Cretinism (4) Hypothyroidism

Sol. Answer (2)

Myxoedema : is a disease caused in adults by hypothyroidism which causes produciton of excessive amounts

of glycoprotein in the interstitial spaces due to which accumulation of fluid in the tissues resulting in edema.



35. Which one of the following is an amine hormone? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]

(1) Progesterone (2) Thyroxine

(3) Oxypurin (4) Insulin

Sol. Answer (2)

36. The blood calcium level is lowered by the deficiency of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]

(1) Calcitonin (2) Parathormone

(3) Thyroxine (4) Both Calcitonin and Parathormone

Sol. Answer (2)

Hypocalcaemichormone – Calcitonins

Hypercalcaemic hormone – Parathormone.

37. Which of the following pairs of organs includes only the endocrine glands? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]

(1) Adrenal and Ovary (2) Parathyroid and Adrenal

(3) Pancreas and Parathyroid (4) Thymus and Testes

Sol. Answer (2)

Endocrine gland Heterocrine gland

e.g., Adrenal gland, e.g., Ovary, testes pancreas

Parathyroid gland

Thymus gland

38. Compared to a bull a bullock is docile because of [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(1) Lower levels of adrenalin / noradrenalin in its blood (2) Higher levels of thyroxin

(3) Higher levels of cortisone (4) Lower levels of blood testosterone

Sol. Answer (4)

Bullock is the castrated animal. Due to the low testosterone level, bullock is docile.

39. Feeling the tremors of an earthquake a scared resident of seventh floor of a multistoryed building starts

climbing down the stairs rapidly. Which hormone initiated this action? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(1) Gastrin (2) Thyroxin (3) Adrenaline (4) Glucagon

Sol. Answer (3)

Adrenaline is secreted by adrenal medulla during stress, hence it is also known as stress-hormone or

3F-responsive hormone (Tight, flight and flight hormone).

40. A person is having problems with calcium and phosphorous metabolism in his body. Which one of the following

glands may not be functioning properly? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]

(1) Thyroid (2) Parathyroid (3) Parotid (4) Pancreas

Sol. Answer (2)

Parathormone (PTH) secreted by parathyroid gland regulates calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.

41. A steroid hormone which regulates glucose metabolism is : [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Cortisol (2) Corticosterone (3) 11-deoxycorticosterone (4) Cortisone

Sol. Answer (1)



42. Which one of the following is not a second messenger in hormone action? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) cGMP (2) Calcium (3) Sodium (4) cAMP

Sol. Answer (3)

Secondary messengers – Ca2+, cAMP, cGMP, IP3 etc.

– Na+ is not considered to be secondary messenger.

43. Which of the following is an accumulation and release centre of neurohormones? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]

(1) Posterior pituitary lobe (2) Intermediate lobe of the pituitary

(3) Hypothalamus (4) Anterior pituitary lobe

Sol. Answer (3)

Posterior lobe of pituitary stores the released hormones by neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus. The hornones

viz. oxytoicn and ADH are released by posterior lobe of pituitary.

44. Which hormone causes dilation of blood vessels, increased oxygen consumption and glycogenolysis?


(1) ACTH (2) Insulin (3) Adrenalin (4) Glucagon

Sol. Answer (3)

45. Damage to thymus in a child may lead to [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005]

(1) A reduction in haemoglobin content of blood (2) A reduction in stem cell production

(3) Loss of antibody mediated immunity (4) Loss of cell mediated immunity

Sol. Answer (4)

Thymus is responsible for the maturation of lymphocytes that are produced in the red bone marrow that goes

to thymus and convert to T-lymphocytes.

T-lymphocytes are known to regulate cell mediated immunity.

46. Thymosin hormone is secreted by

(1) Thyroid gland (2) Parathyroid gland (3) Thymus gland (4) Hypothalamus

Sol. Answer (3)

Thyroid gland – Thyroxin (T3, T

4), thyrocalcitonin

Parathyroid gland – Parathormone

Thymus gland – thymosin

Hypothalamus – Vasopressin (ADH), oxytocins.

47. Insufficient quantities of antidiuretic hormone in blood lead to

(1) Diabetes mellitus (2) Glycosuria (3) Diabetes insipidus (4) Uremia

Sol. Answer (3)

Disorder Caused by deficiency of

� Diabetes mellitus – Insulin (pancreas)

� Glycosuria – Insulin (pancreas)

(a manifestation of

Diabetes mellitus)

� Diabetes insipidus – Vasopressin (posterior pituitary)

� Uremia – Renal failure

(Excess urea in the blood).



48. The hormone which regulates the basal metabolism in our body is secreted from

(1) Adrenal cortex (2) Pancreas (3) Pituitary (4) Thyroid

Sol. Answer (4)

Thyroxine hormone secreted by thyroid gland controls the BMR of the body.

49. Calcitonin is a thyroid hormone which

(1) Elevates calcium level in blood (2) Has no effect on calcium

(3) Elevates potassium level in blood (4) Lowers calcium level in blood

Sol. Answer (4)

Calcitonin secreted by thyroid gland is hypocalcaemic.

Parathormone secreted by parathyroid galnd is hypercalcaemic.

Deficiency in Mineralocorticoid (secreted by adrenal cortex) increases K+ level.

50. Which hormone stimulates the formation and secretion of milk in female?

(1) Oxytocin (2) Progesterone (3) LH (4) Prolactin

Sol. Answer (4)

Prolactin hormone stimulates the formation and secretion of milk while oxytocin hormone is reponsible for

ejection of milk.

51. Secretion of progesterone by corpus luteum is initiated by

(1) Testosterone (2) Thyroxine (3) MSH (4) LH

Sol. Answer (4)

LH surge results in the ovulation form the graffian follicle resulting in the conversion of the former to corpus

luteum which secretes estrogen.

52. The function of oxytocin is to help in

(1) Child birth (2) Gametogenesis (3) Growth (4) Lactation

Sol. Answer (1)

Oxytocin helps in the ejection of the milk. Hence, it is also known as let-down hormone while the milk formation

is initiated by prolactin hormone.

Oxytocin helps in child birth while the growth is stimulated by the growth hormone secreted by the anterior

pituitary while gametogenesis is initiated by FSH.

53. Melatonin is secreted by

(1) Pineal body (2) Skin (3) Pituitary gland (4) Thyroid

Sol. Answer (1)

Melatonin hormone is secreted by the pineal gland located inside the brain, which helps in the regulation of

24-hour sleep-wake cycle and is antigonadal in nature.

54. The gonadotropic hormones are secreted by

(1) Anterior lobe of pituitary (2) Interstitial cells of testes

(3) Adrenal cortex (4) Posterior part of thyroid

Sol. Answer (1)

The gonadortopic hormones are secreted by anterior lobe of pituitary.

Interstitial cells of testes : Testosterone

Adrenal cortex : Secretes mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids and sex-corticoids.



55. Which one of the following endocrine gland stores its secretion in the extracellular space before discharging

it into the blood?

(1) Testis (2) Thyroid (3) Pancreas (4) Adrenal

Sol. Answer (2)

Thyroid gland is the largest endocrine gland which secretes its secretion inside the extracellular space.

56. Acromegaly is caused by

(1) Excess of S.T.H. (2) Excess of thyroxin (3) Deficiency of thyroxin (4) Excess of adrenalin

Sol. Answer (1)

Acromegaly : Oversecretion of growth hormone after puberty cause acromegaly.

57. Which of the following pair is correct match of a hormone with a disease resulting from its deficiency?

(1) Relaxin – Gigantism

(2) Prolactin – Cretinism

(3) Parathyroid hormone – Tetany

(4) Insulin – Diabetes insipidus

Sol. Answer (3)

Deficiency of parathyroid hormone resulsts in parathyroid tetany because low PTH resulsts in hypocalcaemia.

Low levels of calcium is extracellular fuid increases the permeability of neuronal membranes to sodium ions

causing a progressive depolarisation. Which increases the possibility of action potential.

This occurs because calcium ion interacts with the exterior surface of sodium channels in the plasma

membrane of the nerve cells. When Ca2+ ion is absent the voltage level required to open voltage gated channels

is significantly altered (less excitation is required).

If the plasma Ca2+ decreases to 9.4 mg/dl action potential may be spontaneously generated, causing

contraction of peripheral skeletal muscles.

58. Which of the following hormones is modified amino acid?

(1) Epinephrine (2) Progesterone (3) Prostaglandin (4) Estrogen

Sol. Answer (1)

Amine hormone – Epinephrine, norepinephnine

Steroidal / Lipid hormone – Progesterone, estrogen, prostaglandins.

59. Adrenaline directly affects on

(1) S.A. node (2) β-cells of Langerhans

(3) Dorsal root of spinal nerve (4) Epithelial cells of stomach

Sol. Answer (1)

Adrenal directly affects S.A. node thus increases the blood pressure and heart rate.

60. Diabetes is due to :

(1) Enzyme deficiency (2) Iodine deficiency

(3) Na+ deficiency (4) Hormonal deficiency

Sol. Answer (4)

Diabetes occurs due to hormonal deficiency.

Diabetes mellitus : due to deficiency of insulin

Diabetes insipidus : due to deficiency of ADH.



61. If diabetes mellitus is not-controlled increased oxidation of _______ produces ketone bodies such as

acetoacetate and acetone

(1) Carbohydrates (2) Fats (3) Proteins (4) Nucleic acids

Sol. Answer (2)

Ketonuria is a manifestation of diabetes mellitus. In the diabetes mellitus blood sugar level rises too high. When

this happens, the body do not have sufficient insulin to get energy into the body's cells. So breakage of body

tissue (fat and muscels) into ketones occurs, which can be used as fuel without need of insulin.

62. Individuals with type-I diabetes

(1) Lack β-cells in the islets of Langerhans

(2) Produce enough insulin but lack functional receptors on their cells

(3) Can control their diabetes with diet and exercise

(4) All of these are correct

Sol. Answer (1)

Diabetes mellitus

Type - I Type - II

(a) Occurs early in the life � Usually late in the life

(b) β-cells produce hormone insulin � Life style disease resulting from weight gain and

lack of exercise.

– Patient doesn't have deficiency of insulin but has

insensitivity to body's own insulin.

(c) Insulin in given by injection � Treatment includes diet and exercise and

ultimately requires pills or insulin.

63. Mark the correct statement w.r.t. erythropoietin.

(1) Secreted by juxtaglomerular cells (2) Secreted in response to hypoxia

(3) Activates bone marrow cells to produce more RBCs (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Erythropoietin is secreted by the juxta glomerular cells of kidney, in response to hypoxia which activates bone

marrow cells to produce more RBCs.

64. What happens when the tadpole larva is kept in iodine deficient pond water?

(1) Development of giant frog (2) Accelerated metamorphosis

(3) Inhibition of metamorphosis (4) Development of miniature frog

Sol. Answer (3)

Thyroxine hormone requires iodine for the formation and this hormone is essential for the metamorphosis of

tadpoles in frog.

Due to deficiency of iodine in water metamorphosis is inhibited.

65. Which of the following hormone is a derivative of tyrosine?

(1) Thyroxine (2) Epinephrine (3) Nor epinephrine (4) All of these

Sol. Answer (4)

Amine – derived hormones : Thyroxine, epinephrine, nor epinephrine

Tyrosine + Iodine = Thyroxine



66. Adrenaline is relased from the adrenal medulla under stress conditon. Which of the following can’t be taken as a

character of it?

(1) Elevates blood glucose by converting liver glycogen to glucose

(2) Acceleration of rate and force of heart beat

(3) Increase in breakdown of lipids

(4) Constriction in arterioles of skeletal muscle

Sol. Answer (4)

Adrenaline causes vasodilation in heart and skeletal muscles while causes vasoconstriction in smooth muscles.

67. Which of the following is not caused by hyperactivity of endocrine gland?

(1) Conn’s syndrome (2) Cushing’s syndrome (3) Addison’s disease (4) Adrenal virilism

Sol. Answer (3)

Conn's disease – (aldosteronism) excessive secretion of aldosterone from adrenal cortex lumor.

Cushing’s disease – tumour of adrenal cortex may secrete too much cortisol.

Addison’s disease – destruction of adrenal cortex by disease like tuberculosis produces addison's disease.

Adrenal virilism – excessive secretion of sex corticoids.

68. Which of the following hormones plays a very important role in the regulation of a 24 hour (diurnal) rhythm of

our body. It helps in maintaining the normal rhythms of sleep-wake cycle, body temperature. It influences

pigmentation, the menstrual cycle as well as our defense capability?

(1) Estrogen (2) Progesterone (3) Cortisol (4) Melatonin

Sol. Answer (4)

Melatonin is secreted by pineal gland.

69. In heart cells which one acts as second messenger in response to sympathetic nerve action?

(1) cAMP (2) cGMP (3) Inositol triphosphate (4) Diacylglycerol

Sol. Answer (1)

β-adrenergic receptors present on the heart wall which initiates the cAMP mediated pathway for opening of

Ca2+ channels.

70. Which of the following is a paracrine hormone?

(1) Insulin (2) Glucagon

(3) Somatostatin of pancreas (4) GH (Growth hormone)

Sol. Answer (3)

Paracrine hormones-hormones which are secreted by a cell and interact with the receptor of the same cell.

e.g., Somatostatin (also known as GHIH) or growth hormone inhibiting.

71. Which of the following is an auto-immune disorder in which the person produces antibodies that mimic the

action of TSH, but are not regulated by the normal negative feedback controls?

(1) Myxoedema (2) Grave’s disease (3) Cretinism (4) Hypocalcemic tetany

Sol. Answer (2)

Grave's disease : (hyper thyroidism) it is an autoimmune disease in which body produces antibodies against

TSH receptors. The antibodies when find to the receptors stimulates the follicular cells to release more

thyroxine.

The antibodies are not regulated by normal –ve feedback inhibition.



72. Which of the following hormone is used in transplantation surgery to suppress immunity and thus chances of

organ rejection by recipient’s body is decreased?

(1) Thyroxine (2) Cortisol (3) Aldosterone (4) Steroid hormone

Sol. Answer (2)

Cortisol is an immunosupressive. So, during organ transplanation, so as to avoid graft rejection.

73. A destruction of adrenal cortex by diseases like tuberculosis produces

(1) Cushing syndrome (2) Adrenal virilism (3) Addison’s disease (4) Aldosteronism

Sol. Answer (3)

Addison's disease occur due to deficiency of mineralocorticoid as well as glucocorticoids either due to

destruction of adrenal cortex or by any disease such as tuberculosis.

74. Which of the following is an action not produced by sympathetico-adrenal system?

(1) Constriction of skin and visceral smooth muscle (2) Dilation of arterioles of heart and skeletal muscles

(3) Constriction of pupils (4) Dilation of bronchioles

Sol. Answer (3)

Dilation of pupil is caused by stimulation sympathetico-adrenal system.

75. Eunuchoidism is due to

(1) Perturbation of estrogen to androgen ratio (2) Failure of testosterone secretion

(3) Tumor in testis (4) Tumor in ovaries

Sol. Answer (2)

Eunuchoidism is caused due to cessation of secretion of testosterone.

Perturbation of estrogen and androgen ratio results in gynaecomastia.

76. What is correct to say about the hormone action in humans?

(1) In females, FSH first binds with specific receptors on ovarian cell membrane

(2) FSH stimulates the secretion of estrogen and progesterone

(3) Glucagon is secreted by β-cells of Islets of langerhans and stimulates glycogenolysis

(4) Secretion of thymosins is stimulated with aging

Sol. Answer (1)

FSH is water soluble hormone which binds to extracellular receptor.

77. According to the accepted concept of hormone action, if receptor molecules are removed from target organs,

then the target organ will

(1) Continue to respond to the hormone without any difference

(2) Not respond to the hormone

(3) Continue to respond to the hormone but will require higher concentration

(4) Continue to respond to the hormone but in the opposite way

Sol. Asnwer (2)

When receptors are removed from the cell, hormone will not be responsive.



78. Hormones thyroxine, adrenaline and the pigment melanin are formed from

(1) Tyrosine (2) Proline

(3) Tryptophan (4) Glycine

Sol. Answer (1)

Tyroxine : thyroxine, melanin, adrenaline

Tryptophan : precursor of melatonins hormone.

79. A sequential expression of a set of human genes occurs when a steroid molecule binds to the

(1) Messenger RNA (2) DNA sequence

(3) Ribosome (4) Transfer RNA

Sol. Answer (2)

Steroidal hormones can occurs the plasma membrane and then binds to the intracellular receptors say the

DNA sequence.

Hormone( . .estrogen)e g

Uterine cellmembrane

Nucleus

Genome

Proteins

Physiological responses

Hormone-Receptorcomplex

mRNA

Diagrammatic representation of mechanism of action of steroidal hormone.

80. Which of the following set of hormones can easily pass through the cell membrane of a target cell and bind to

specific intracellular receptors?

a. Placental progesterone b. Aldosterone

c. Estrogen d. Thyroxine

Mark the correct set

(1) b and c (2) a, b and c

(3) a and c (4) a, b, c and d

Sol. Answer (4)

Steroidal horrmonal can cross the plasma membrane. e.g., progesterone, aldosterone, estrogen, thyroxine.



81. Insulin receptor is

(1) Trimeric protein

(2) Membrane bound protein

(3) Intrinsic protein

(4) Intracellular receptor protein present in the cytoplasm

Sol. Answer (2)

Insulin is a water soluble hormone and the receptors are present extracellularly on the cell membrane.

82. The organ which was considered vestigeal till recently but now confirmed to be an endocrine gland is

(1) Thymus

(2) Pancreas

(3) Pineal

(4) Pituitary

Sol. Answer (3)

Pineal gland a small, pine cone shaped gland, earlier considered to be vestigeal gland but was later discovered

to release of melatonin.

83. Find the odd one out

(1) Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids, Sexcorticoids

(2) Nor-epinephrine, Epinephrine, Adrenaline

(3) Relaxin, Oestrogen, Progestrone

(4) Insulin, Glucagon, Thymosin

Sol. Answer (4)

Adrenal cortex – glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sexcorticoids

Adrenal medulla – nor-epinephrine, epinephrine, adrenaline

Ovary – Relaxin, oestrogen progestrone

Pancreas – Insulin, glucagon

Thymus – thymosin

84. The hormones produced during emotional stress is

(1) Melatonin

(2) Thyroxine

(3) Calcitonin

(4) Adrenalin

Sol. Answer (4)



SECTION - C

Assertion-Reason Type Questions

1. A : Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive urination and too much thirst for water.

R : Anti diuretic hormone (ADH) is released by posterior lobe of pituitary gland.

Sol. Answer (2)

Diabetes insipidus is marked by excessive loss of urination and consquently too much thirst for water.

ADH is released by the posterior pituitary.

2. A : Insulin is not given orally.

R : Insulin hormone is lipid soluble and directly enters inside the cell membrane.

Sol. Answer (3)

Insulin is not given orally because it is a peptide that will be digested by proteolytic enzymes.

3. A : Chorionic gonadotrophin prevents the corpus luteum from involuting.

R : It has property similar to luteinizing hormone.

Sol. Answer (1)

Human chorionic gonadotrophin is secreted by the placenta which is known to be analogous to the LH

(Luteinising hormone) secreted by anterior pituitary of both females and males.

4. A : Thyroxine shows calorigenic effect.

R : Thyroxine increases catabolism, produces energy and increases body temperature.

Sol. Answer (1)

Thyroxine shows calorigenic effect, because thyroxine increases catabolism, produces energy and increases

body temperature by increased oxygen consumption and rates of ATP hydrolysis.

5. A : Inhibin is secreted by the corpus luteum.

R : It inhibits the secretion of FSH.

Sol. Answer (2)

Inhibin is secreted by corpus luteum. It is a gonadal hormone that exerts a specific negative feedback action of

the secretion of FSH and LH from gonadotrophic cells of pituitary gland.

6. A : Our body secretes adrenaline in intense cold.

R : Adrenaline raises metabolic rate.

Sol. Answer (1)

It was reported that intense cold exposure results in the secretion of adrenal medullary hormone adrenaline which

raises the metabolic rate.



7. A : Occasionally mammary glands are structurally well developed in males and the condition is called

gynaecomastia.

R : Decreased testosterone in later life can lead to gynaecomastia though It is usually due to perturbation of

estrogen to androgen ratio.

Sol. Answer (1)

Gynaecomastia is the abnormal development of mammary glands case of males.

In later life, the fat deposition increases which results in increased secretion of oestrogen. Due to this hormone

perturbation, gynaecomastia results.

8. A : Prolactin is unique among the pituitary hormones as it is under predominant inhibitory control of hypothalamus.

R : The controlling agent is neurotransmitter dopamine produced by tuberoinfundibular neuron.

Sol. Answer (2)

Prolactin in unique among the pituitary hormones as it is predominant inhibitory control of hypothalamus.

The controlling agent is prolactin inhibiting hormone (PIH)/ dopamine which are produced by tubero infundibular

neurons.

9. A : Ethanol is a diuretic agent.

R : It inhibits vasopressin secretion.

Sol. Answer (1)

10. A : Oxytocin stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during birth and initiates ejection of milk.

R : It is synthesized in the posterior lobe of pituitary.

Sol. Answer (3)

Oxytocin stimulates of uterine muscles during birth and initiates ejection of milk.

It is released through axon of neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus into the posterior pituitary.

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