energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotSHINESKickoffMeeting2016

energy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshotenergy.gov/sunshot

SHINESKickoffMeeting2016

AGENT-BASEDCOORDINATIONSCHEMEFORPVINTEGRATION(ABC4PV)Awardedto:CMU,NRECA,Aquion EnergyPresentedby:Soummya Kar (CMU)andCraigMiller(NRECA)

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• Motivation• TechnicalObjectives• Team• Approach• ProjectObjectivesandAnticipatedOutcomes• ProjectPlan• Discussion

ProjectObjectivesandExpectedOutcomes

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• Increaseddeploymentofsolarphotovoltaicgenerators,distributedstorage,demandresponsecapabilities

• DistributedapproachesasscalablesolutionfortheoptimalcoordinationofthesetechnologiesandeffectiveintegrationofPVsystems

Motivation

Gapbetweentheoreticalapproachesandactualapplication

NeedfortestbedfordistributedalgorithmsparticularlyfortheapplicationofPVintegrationandactualimplementationofsuchalgorithmsina

physicalenvironment

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• ProjectGoals• DevelopmentofdistributedalgorithmforthecoordinationofPV

arrays,storage,flexibleload• Extensionofexistingalgorithmtocoordinationofarrays,storage,programmablethermostats

• Stabilityandrobusttestingofalgorithmviasimulations• Setupoftest-bedof10PVarray+storagesystems

• Installationofphysicaldevicesatactualfeederincooperationwithco-op

• Developmentofappropriateprotocolsandcybertoolstoensureinteroperabilityandcybersecurity

• Setupofcommunicationnetwork• Implementationandtestingofproposeddistributedalgorithmin

testbedwithrespecttorobustness,performanceandapplicability• Studyimpactonstorageperformanceandlifetimeincontextofthe

applicationandusedatatoimprovestoragesubsystem

TechnicalObjectives

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ABC4PV

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Team

• CMU(Soummya Kar, Gabriela Hug, Jose Moura, Panayiotis Moutis, Jay Whitacre)• Operatingcontrolframework• Efficacyassessment(simulations&softwareimplementation)

• NRECA(Craig Miller, Doug Danley, David Pinney)

• Testbeddevelopment• Standardizationofunitequipment

• Aquion Energy(Tom Madden, Tom Jackson)

• Batterystoragesystemphysicalintegrationandoptimization

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Approach:Unit-basedintegrationandabstraction

• SchematicofABC4PVunit• Unitsubsystemsdeployed

throughoutfeeder• Eachsubsystemconsistsof

PVgenerator,battery,communicatingthermostatandinverterandhascommunicationcapabilities

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Approach:Inter-unitcollaboration

• Agent-baseddistributedalgorithm:• Subsystems

communicateandshareinformationwitheachother

• Limitedcommunicationofsomesubsystemswithsystemoperator

• Computationscarriedoutlocally

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Approach:Distributedoptimizationframework

• Form of updates– Mathematical formulation based on consensus + innovation approach:

where λ is the consensus variable and innovation term ensures

𝜆"($%&) = 𝜆"

($) − 𝛽$ + 𝜆"($) − 𝜆,

($)�

,∈/0123453464

− 𝛼$𝑑9"($)

$332:;<$23

+𝑑9"(𝜆")=

">&

= 0,

Low computational effort required

Considered Application:Consensus: ensure cost optimalityInnovation: fulfill power balance

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• IntegrationofPV,storage&loadcontrolina“unit”paradigm• Maximizevaluefromintegrationratherthancombinations• Modularandplug-incharacterofparadigm• Apriori employmentofcommoninterfaceandcontrol

• Unitstooptimizeperformancelocallyand/orincoordination• Scalable,generic,distributed,risk-awareoperationframework• Forecast,procure,respondandadapt

• Validateefficacyinsimulationenvironment&actualtestbed• Extensiveanalysisandbenchmarkingonmultipleplatforms• Cyber-securityassessment• Test-bedof10unitsinanactualcoopnetwork

BroadProjectObjectives

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• KeyProjectProducts• Testbedconsistingoffeederwith10solarandstoragecombinations

includingcommunicationcapabilityamongthesedevices• Mathematicalformulationofdistributedalgorithmfortheoptimal

coordinationofPVsystems,distributedstorageanddemandsidemanagementparticipantsanditsimplemenationintestbed

• MajorOutcomes:• Pathwaytowardsefficientintegrationofupto100%solargeneration

atafeederbythemeansofdistributedcoordinationofflexibledemandandstorage

• FunctioningtestbedfordistributedalgorithmsforthecoordinationofPV,storageandflexibledemand

AnticipatedOutcomes

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• DistributedControlMethodology• DesignandDevelopmentofDistributedResourceCoordinationand

ControlMethodology(Years1,2)• SoftwareImplementationofAlgorithms(Years1,2)• CybersecurityAssurance(Years1,2,3)

• TestbedDevelopment• InstallationofPhysicalComponentsandTest-bedSetup(Years1,2)• PerformanceTestinginTest-bed(Years2,3)

• FunctionalandEconomicAssessmentandOptimization• ValueofSolar(Years2,3)• ValueofStorage(Years2,3)• EnergyStorageSub-SystemandFullSystemAssessmentandControl

Optimization(Years2,3)

ProjectPlan

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DistributedControlMethodologyDevelopment

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Subtasks1. ModelingofCost/Objective

• Objectivefunctionoftheoptimizationproblem2. ModelingofConstraints(OperationalandUncertainty)

• Componentoperationconstraints,e.g.min/maxinverterpower• Networkconstraints,e.g.lineloadinglimits

3. FormulationofIterativeDistributedControl• Employoptimizationalgorithmtotheproblem

4. PerformanceAnalysisandReal-timeGuarantees• Benchmarkingofconvergenceandtimecomplexity

5. SimulationofTest-bed

Task1:DesignandDevelopmentofDistributedResourceCoordinationandControlMethodology

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Subtasks1. NetworkDesign

• Assessmentofcandidatefeedersfortestbedimplementation2. ImplementationofCodeonEmbeddedSiteControllerand

Communication• Validateperformanceofoperationframeworkinsimulation• Validateperformanceofoperationframeworkinsitu

3. WriteHostProgramtoCollectandFormatData

Task2:SoftwareImplementationofAlgorithms

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Subtasks1. SecurityDesign

• Analysisofcyber-securityconcernsandsuggestedmeasures2. SecureSoftwareTesting

• Testingcyber-securityperformanceofdevelopedframework3. SystemandIn-SituTesting

• Cyber-securitytestingonthetest-bedimplementation

Task3:FormulationofIterativeDistributedControl

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TestbedDevelopment

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Subtasks1. IdentificationofSuitableFeeder

• Promoteprojecttocandidatecoopfeeders2. Design/SizingofDevices

• Determiningexactlythecomponentsofeachunit3. InitialDeploymentandValidation

• Assessmentofunitcomponents(inter-)operability4. FullDeploymentandValidation

• Unitfine-tuningbasedoncostassessmentandfinalinstallation

Task4:InstallationofPhysicalComponentsandTest-bedSetup

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Subtasks1. DesignofDefaultOperation

• Strictlylocaloperationaccordingtocurrentpractice2. NormalOperation

• Assessmentassumingnocommunicationfailure3. PerformanceunderCommunicationFailure

• Assessmentoffail-safemechanisms4. AdjustmentsinAlgorithm

• FinetuningaccordingtoaforementionedassessmentintheTask

Task5:PerformanceTestinginTest-bed

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InitialABC4PVUnitSetupandTesting:Aquion

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Testbedequipment:Aquion

SystemPowerBlockDiagram

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Subtasks1. AnalysisofPerformanceandApplicationsData

• Assessmentofbatterydataandcomparisontolifetimemodel2. FollowonTesting/Analysis

• Updatecontroldependingonaforementionedassessment3. Techno-economicModelingofSub-systemandSystem-level

Performance• All-inclusiveandconclusivetechno-economicassessmentof

theproject

Task6:EnergyStorageSub-SystemandFullSystemAssessmentandControlOptimization

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Questions?