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School of Chemistry and Biochemistry

Unit Outine

Physical and Analytical Chemistry

CHEM2002

Semester: 2

Campus: Crawley

Unit Coordinators: Prof Allan McKinley and Assoc/Prof Sam Saunders

This outline is the currently available version for this unit. Detailed Information on unit content and assessment may undergo modification before the time of delivery of the unit. For the most up to date

information students must consult material supplied to enrolled students by the unit co-ordinator.

All material reproduced herein has been copied in accordance with and pursuant to a statutory licence administered by Copyright Agency Limited (CAL), granted to the University of Western Australia pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).

Copying of this material by students, except for fair dealing purposes under the Copyright Act, is prohibited. For the purposes of this fair

dealing exception, students should be aware that the rule allowing copying, for fair dealing purposes, of 10% of the work, or one chapter/article, applies to the original work from which the excerpt in this course material was taken, and not to the course material itself.

© The University of Western Australia 2011ll material reproduced herein has been copied in accordance with and pursuant to a statutory

licence administered by Copyright Agency Limited (CAL), granted to the University of Western Australia pursuant to Part VB of the Copyright Act 1968 (Cth).

Copying of this material by students, except for fair dealing purposes under the Copyright Act, is prohibited. For the purposes of this fair

dealing exception, students should be aware that the rule allowing copying, for fair dealing purposes, of 10% of the work, or one chapter/article, applies to the original work from which the excerpt in this course material was taken, and not to the course material itself

© The University of Western Australia 2001

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Introduction This unit is compulsory for all students taking the physical/analytical stream of the Chemistry Major. It builds on the foundation of core chemical principles and experimental techniques provided in CHEM2001 Core Chemical Concepts and Techniques. More advanced concepts and techniques in chemical kinetics (including reaction mechanisms, chain reactions, polymerisation reactions and collision theory) and thermodynamics (including the phase rule) are presented. A more detailed description is given of atomic spectroscopy and energy levels, and introductory electrochemical principles and techniques are covered.

Broad learning outcomes

Outcomes Assessment

Activities

Students will be able to recall and integrate key knowledge and concepts about:

♦ The concepts of energy transactions involved in chemical reactions. Physical transformations of pure substances, phase equilibria.

♦ Electrochemical processes, including applications to qualitative and quantitative analysis.

♦ The structure of matter at an atomic level and energy levels in atoms.

♦ The theory underlying and the application of Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) and Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectrophotometry (ICP).

♦ Establishing the mechanism of a chemical reaction from kinetic data and predicting the kinetic behaviour of a chemical reaction from a consideration of a postulated mechanism.

♦ Laboratory skills in the operation of instrumentation and interpretation of experimental measurements and evaluation of their reliability.

♦ Report writing as fit for purpose.

Laboratory reports Assignments Examination

Students will acquire skills in:

♦ Experimental design and interpretation

♦ Instrumental use and setup

♦ Instrumental error assessment

♦ Data interpretation and write-up

Laboratory reports

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Advisable prior study

The material covered in this course builds on and compliments the material covered in CHEM2001. Therefore all students undertaking this unit must have passed the unit CHEM2001 or equivalent.

Technical Requirements

Students will need to provide and wear an appropriate laboratory coat during some of the laboratory sessions. Fully enclosed footwear is required in the laboratory.

Software Requirements

Some of the laboratory reports will require using the “in-house” software programme “Linplot”. Access to this programme will be provided on Mondays and Thursdays between 9 am and 4 pm thru-out semester in the Second Year Laboratories in the Bayliss Building. A PC version for Microsoft XP will also be available on the unit LMS site. This version may run under Windows 7 and in a PC emulator on a Mac but no technical support can be given.

Contact details

Unit web site: http://www.lms.uwa.edu.au ("moodle")

Unit Coordinator: Prof Allan McKinley and Sam Saunders

Contact Details of Prof McKinley are:

e-mail: allan.mckinley@ uwa.edu.au Phone: 6488 3165

Consultation hours: By appointment

Contact Details of Assoc/Prof Saunders are:

e-mail: sandra.saunders@uwa.edu.au Phone: 6488 3153

Consultation hours: By appointment

Unit structure summary For details of times and venues of all teaching sessions please consult the university timetable at http://www.timetable.uwa.edu.au/

Lectures

Two, one hour lectures per week as shown on the University Timetable.

Practical and/or laboratory sessions Students must attend two 3h laboratory sessions per week, starting in week eight of semester.

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Provisional Lecture Schedule No Topic Content Ref*

1

Internal Energy, heat capacity, thermal analysis, TGA, DTGA

1.1 Review of Chem2001 material

1.2 Thermal Analysis

A.Ch 2.4-2.6

2 State Functions and Exact Differentials

2.1 Exact and inexact differentials

2.2 Changes in internal energy

2.3 The Joule experiment

2.4 The Joule Thomson effect

A.Ch.2.10-2.12

3 Heat Engines and Spontaneity

3.1 Thermodynamics of a heat engine

3.2 Reverse cycle heating A.Ch 3.2

4 Absolute Zero

4.1 Methods of attaining very low temperatures

4.2 Nerst Heat Theorem

4.3 The Third Law

A.Ch.3.3

5 Temperature and pressure dependence of Gibbs Energy

5.1 The fundamental equation

5.2 Combining the First and Second Laws

5.3 Properties of Gibbs Energy

A.Ch 3.7-3.8.

6 Phase Transformations

6.1 Phase stability

6.2 Phase boundaries

6.3 The phase rule

6.4 Phase diagrams for H2O, CO2, He

A.Ch.4.1- 4.3

7 Thermodynamic aspects of phase transitions

7.1 Dependence of stability on the conditions

7.2 Location of phase boundaries

7.3 The Ehrenfest classification of phase transitions

A.Ch 4.4-4.6

8 Ellingham Diagrams

8.1 Ellingham Diagrams

9 Quantum Theory Failures of Classical Physics

9.1 Black Body Radiation

9.2 Wave-particle duality

A.Ch 7.1-7.2

10 Quantum Theory II 10.1 The Schrodinger Equation

10.2 The Born Interpretation of the wavefunction

10.3 Normalisation

10.4 Operators, expectation values.

A.Ch.7.3-7.4

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11 Solutions of the Schrodinger Equation

11.1 Particle on a line

11.2 Particle in a 1D box

A.Ch.8.1

12 Wavefunctions in hydrogenic atoms

12.1 Structure and spectra of hydrogenic atoms

12.2 Atomic orbitals and energies

A.Ch.9.1-9.2

13 Many Electron Atoms

13.1 Spin—orbit coupling

13.2 Atomic Term symbols

13.3 Transition selection rules

13.4 Self consistent field orbitals

A.Ch.9.3-9.10

14 Introduction to analytical chemistry

14.1 General aspects of analytical chemistry 14.2 Major types of analytical methods and brief overview 14.3 Qualitative and quantitative

S. Ch.1

15 Sampling 15.1 Acquiring samples

15.2 Measurement and calibration

15.3 Evaluating Results by Estimating Reliability

S. Ch.1 and App 1.

16 Sampling and statistical analysis

16.1 In class exercises Ch.

17 Introduction to spectroscopic methods

17.1 An introduction to spectroscopic methods 17.2 From atomic spectra to absorption and emission measurements 17.3 Qualitative and Quantitative; The Beer – Lambert relationship

17.4 Understanding the components; AAS and AES

S. Ch.9

18 Basic reaction kinetics

18.1 Revision of first year concepts on basic reaction kinetics

A.Ch. 22/23

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Accounting for rate laws

19.1 Revision of first year concepts: elementary reactions

19.2 Consecutive elementary reactions

19.3 Steady State Approximation

A.Ch.22

21 Steady State Approximation

21.1 Steady State Approximation A.Ch.22

22 Catalysts and kinetics

22.1 Catalysts

22.2 Enzyme kinetics

22.3 Michaelis – Menton Equation

A.Ch.23

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23 Complex Reactions

23.1 Rate laws of chain reactions

23.2 Chain reactions and explosions

23.3 Unimolecular reactions

23.4 Lindeman-Hinshelwood theory

A.Ch.23

24 Introductory electrochemistry

24.1 Review of 1st year material

24.2 processes occurring at electrodes

24.3 The electrode – solution interface; Helmoltz to Stern model

24.4 Gibbs energy and the Nernst equation

S. Ch.22

25 Introductory electrochemistry

25.1 Analytical methods based on oxidation/reduction reactions 25.2 Ion Selective Electrodes

S. Ch.33

26 Review of unit

*References, resources and reading materials "Atkins’ Physical Chemistry", Atkins, P. W. and de Paula, J. (Seventh or Eighth or Ninth Edition) Oxford University Press Oxford 2006. “Study and Communication Skills for the Chemical Sciences”, Overton T. et al. (1st Edition) Oxford University Press Oxford 2011. "Principles of Instrumental Analysis", D A Skoog et al. Thomson, Belmont CA, 5th or 6th editions has information about instrumentation, including for chromatography.

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Assessment Details

Assessed Work % mark Timing

Examination 50 % End of Semester

Assignment One (Prof McKinley’s section of the course)

10 % To be announced

Assignment Two (Assoc/Prof Saunders’ section of the course)

10 % To be announced

Laboratory Reports 30 % A report is required for each experiment and will be due one week after the lab session for that experiment.

Note: A signed and dated statement confirming the work submitted is your own must be included with each piece of work submitted. This form is available from the School office or downloadable from the CHEM2002 website (accessible via www.lms.uwa.edu.au).

Charter of student rights and responsibilities

This Charter of Student Rights and Responsibilities upholds the fundamental rights of students who

undertake their education at the University of Western Australia.

It recognises that excellence in teaching and learning requires students to be active participants in

their educational experience. It upholds the ethos that in addition to the University's role of

awarding formal academic qualifications to students, the University must strive to instil in all

students independent scholarly learning, critical judgement, academic integrity and ethical

sensitivity.

Please refer to the website the full charter of student rights and responsibilities, located at

http://www.secretariat.uwa.edu.au/home/policies/charter

Student Guild contact details

The University of Western Australia Student Guild

35 Stirling Highway

Crawley WA 6009

Phone: (+61 8) 6488 2295

Facsimile: (+61 8) 6488 1041

E-mail: enquiries@guild.uwa.edu.au

Website: http://www.guild.uwa.edu.au

Ethical Scholarship, Academic Literacy and Academic Misconduct

[Ethical scholarship is the pursuit of scholarly enquiry marked by honesty and integrity. Academic Literacy is the capacity to undertake study and research, and to communicate findings and knowledge, in a manner appropriate to the particular disciplinary conventions and scholarly standards expected at university level.

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Academic misconduct is any activity or practice engaged in by a student that breaches explicit guidelines relating to the production of work for assessment, in a manner that compromises or defeats the purpose of that assessment. Students must not engage in academic misconduct. Any such activity undermines an ethos of ethical scholarship. Academic misconduct includes, but is not limited to cheating, or attempting to cheat, through:

• Collusion

• Inappropriate collaboration

• Plagiarism

• Misrepresenting or fabricating data or results or other assessable work

• Inappropriate electronic data sourcing/collection

• Breaching rules specified for the conduct of examinations in a way that may compromise or defeat the purposes of assessment.

Penalties for academic misconduct vary according to seriousness of the case, and may include the requirement to do further work or repeat work; deduction of marks; the award of zero marks for the assessment; failure of one or more units; suspension from a course of study; exclusion from the University, non-conferral of a degree, diploma or other award to which the student would otherwise have been entitled. Refer to the Ethical Scholarship, Academic Literacy and Academic Misconduct policy.

Appeals against academic assessment

If students feel they have been unfairly assessed, they have the right to appeal their mark by

submitting an Appeal Against Academic Assessment form to the Head of School and Faculty

Office. The form must be submitted within twenty working days of the release of the formal result.

It is recommended that students contact the Guild Education Officers to aid them in the appeals

process. They can be contacted on +61 8 6488 2295 or education@guild.uwa.edu.au. Full

regulations governing appeals procedures are available from Academic Policy Services, available

online at http://www.aps.uwa.edu.au/home/policies/appeals