Checklist of Poisonous or Injurious Range Plants of New Mexico

8/8/2019 Checklist of Poisonous or Injurious Range Plants of New Mexico

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IntroductIonPoisonous plants represent one o the greatest haz-ards to livestock ranching on western rangelands. Inaddition to direct losses by death, there are those dueto weight loss, poor reproductive perormance, andpoor health. Through scientic reports and practicalexperience, ranch managers have learned to recog-nize poisonous plants and keep livestock losses to a

minimum. Some o the things that can be done toprevent problems with poisonous plants are

1. Know the poisonous plants. This is the rst lineo deense against toxic plants.

2. Practice good range management. To a limiteddegree, poisonous plants will always be presenton rangelands, but the real danger is when theplants are eaten. Livestock poisoning is more o-ten the result o poor range condition and poormanagement than the presence o poisonous

plants. Most poisonous plants are unpalatableand will be eaten only i other good quality or-age is not available.

3. Feed adequate mineral and vitamin A supple-ments. Livestock in poor health are more suscep-tible to many toxins than are healthy animals.

4. Provide adequate orage, especially during earlyspring or drought periods.

5. Avoid driving livestock through inested or poorcondition range. Hungry animals lose their se-lectivity, and poor rangelands contain ar morepoisonous plants than those in good condition.

6. Use control measuresherbicides, grubbing, etc.on heavy inestations o toxic plants.

The most common toxins in New Mexico poi-sonous plants are alkaloids, glycosides, minerals,nitrogenous compounds, oxalates and other organicacids, compounds causing photosensitivity, and res-ins or resinoids (see Tables 1 and 2).

Alkaloids. These are the most powerul poisonsand produce strong physiological reactions, general-ly aecting the nervous system. The alkaloid is usu-ally distributed throughout the plant and is activewhether it is resh or dry. There are no antidotes oralkaloid poisoning. Some o the common alkaloid-containing range plants are locoweeds (Astragalusspp.), larkspur (Delphinium spp.), groundsel (Sene-cio spp.), and lupine (Lupinusspp.).

Glycosides. Glycosides are compounds com-

posed o a toxic agent combined with a sugar. Thetoxic agent is harmul when released rom the gly-cosides. Cyanide (HCN, prussic acid) is the mostcommon toxin in the glycosides. Glycoside levels inthe plant are oten related to environmental actorssuch as reezing, wilting, drought, and crushing.Cyanide is generally not retained in plant tissuesater drying. Catclaw (Acacia greggii), chokecherry(Prunus virginiana), and johnsongrass (Sorghumhalepense) are potential cyanide producers.

Minerals. Excessive absorption o certain miner-als may be dangerous to livestock. Selenium is pos-sibly the most important poisonous mineral in NewMexico. It may be ound in some species o loco-

1Proessor, Department o Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces.

To fnd more resources or your business, home, or amily, visit the College o Agricultural, Consumer and EnvironmentalSciences on the World Wide Web at aces.nmsu.edu

A Aa chki Pi Iji rag Pa nw MiCircular 636

Ky W. A1

Cooperative Extension Service College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental SciencesThis publication is scheduled to be updated and reissued 02/15.


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weed (Astragalusspp.), ourwing saltbush (Atriplexcanescens), snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae), andasters (Asterspp.). Princes plume (Stanleya pinnata)grows only on selenierous soils.

Nitrogenous compounds. Both range and cropplants may contain potentially toxic levels o ni-trogenous compounds. Care must be taken duringdrought or ater ertilizer or herbicide application.Nitrates are also toxic in dry material and silage.Nitrogenous compounds are oten ound in manyspecies o the amaranth (Amaranthaceae), sunfow-er (Asteraceae), mustard (Brassicaceae), and goose-oot (Chenopodiaceae) amilies.

Oxalates and organic acids. Many plantscontain oxalates, but ew species in New Mexicocontain enough to be considered dangerous. Ha-

logeton (Halogeton glomeratus) and dock (Rumexspp.) possess soluble oxalates that are corrosive toanimal tissue. Non-ruminants are more susceptibleto oxalate poisoning than ruminants because thelarge rumen capacity enables the animal to detoxiysmall amounts o soluble oxalates. Most cases o ru-minant poisoning occur on poor condition range-lands.

Compounds causing photosensitivity. On cer-tain occasions, animals become hypersensitive tolight. Photodynamic pigments contained in horse-brush (etradymia spp.), lechuguilla (Agave lechu-guilla), sacahuista (Nolina spp.), and puncture-vine(ribulus terrestris) react with light to produce swell-ing about the head, blistering, and a sunburnedappearance. Damage may be so severe that the lips,ears, and eyelids may be lost. Bacterial inectionmay also set in.

Resins or resinoids. These are highly complexorganic compounds that are present in a numbero plants. Resins are ound in milkweeds (Asclepias

spp.), marijuana (Cannabis sativa), water hemlock(Cicuta maculata), and chinaberry tree (Melia aze-darach).

Several noxious plants contain no poisonouscompounds, and instead cause injury through me-

chanical means i grazed. This is oten by long awnsor bristles (Aristida spp., Hordeum jubatum, Stipaspp.) or by stinging hairs (Urtiea spp.).

PoIsonous PlAnts of neW MexIcoThere are at least 270 poisonous plants known tooccur in New Mexico (Table 3). The ollowing listincludes all New Mexico range plants known to bepoisonous or injurious to livestock or humans, eventhough many o these do not pose a threat exceptin exceptional circumstances. Also included are aew very common poisonous ornamentals or gar-den plants that may occasionally escape. The majorpoisonous plants that are likely to cause problemsand should be watched or are marked with an as-

terisk (*). The list is arranged in alphabetical orderby plant amily and scientic name. Indications otoxins and animals aected are only those reportedand veried. The plants may be toxic to animalsother than those listed.

able 1. Plant oxins and Teir Efects on Livestockoxin Efect and Symptoms

Alkaloids Nervous system, liver damage, locoism,trembling, abortion, depression, paralysis,vomiting, loss o coordination, coma, and death

Glycosides Excitement, gasping, staggering, paralysis,prostration, convulsions, emphysema, blindness,coma, and death

Mineral Birth deects, loss o appetite, depression, laboredpoisoning breathing, excessive urination, coma, and

death through respiratory and myocardial ailure

Nitrogenous Abortion, depression o lactation, discoloredcompounds urine, vitamin A deciency, brown blood,

trembling, weakness, labored breathing,hemorrhages, coma, and death

Oxalates Nervous system, reduced coagulability o blood,acute kidney infammation, dullness, colic,depression, labored breathing, prostration,

weakness, coma, and death

Compounds causing Liver damage, infammation o skin, itching,photosensitivity necrosis o skin, restlessness, leakage o serum

through skin; death does not occur directly romthe photodynamic action, but through kidney

ailureResins or resinoids Direct irritation o the nervous and muscular

tissue, depression, weakness, staggering, laboredbreathing, elevated temperature, dilation opupils, degeneration o kidneys, coma, and death


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able 2. Distribution o oxins in the Major Plant Families in New MexicoNumber o species Number o species Number o species

Family in which toxin occurs Family in which toxin occurs Family in which toxin occursoxin in New Mexico oxin in New Mexico oxin in New Mexico

Fabaceae Photosensitization 2 Brassicaceae

Alkaloids 21 Unknown 2 Allylisothiocyanate

Dicoumarin 2 Solanaceae Glycosides 1

Glycosides 3 Alkaloids 11 Mustard oil 1

Photosensitization 3 Glycosides 1 Selenium 1

Saponin 1 Unknown 2 Unknown 2

Selenium 13 Chenopodiaceae Ascelepiadaceae

Unknown 10 Antihelminthic oil 1 Alkaloids 7

Asteraceae Glycosides 1 Glycosides 7

Acrid substance 2 Nitrogenous compounds 3 Resinoids 7

Alcohol 1 Oxalates 4 Rosaceae

Alkaloids 5 Photosensitization 1 Glycosides 7

Glycosides 3 Selenium 3 Euphorbiaceae

Nitrogenous compounds 2 Ranunculaceae Acrid substance 3

Photosensitization 2 Alkaloids 6 Croton oil 1

Saponin 2 Glycosides 4 Photosensitization 1

Selenium 11 Hairballs 1 Unknown 1

Unknown 21 Irritant oils 1 Liliaceae

Volatile oils 2 Apiaceae Alkaloids 4

Poaceae Alcohol 2 Unknown 2

Fungus 1 Alkaloids 2 Polygonaceae

Glycosides 3 Nitrogenous compounds 2 Nitrogenous compounds 1

Mechanically injurous 10 Unknown 2 Oxalates 4

Nitrogenous compounds 3 Photosensitization 1

able 3. Number o Poisonous or Noxious Range Plants in New Mexico

Family Number o species Family Number o species Family Number o species

Fabaceae 52 Ranunculaceae 12 Rosaceae 6

Asteraceae 50 Apiaceae 10 Polygonaceae

Poaceae 32 Brassicaceae 8 38 other amilies 66

Solanaceae 14 Asclepiadaceae 7

Chenopodiaceae 12 Euphorbiaceae 7 otal 281


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AgavaaAgave lechuguilla orr.Common name: lechuguillaToxin: unknown substances producing hepatogenicphotosensitization; saponinsHabitat: dry hills and plainsAnimals aected: sheep, goats

Nolina microcarpa Wats.Common name: beargrass, sacahuistaoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, rocky hills and plainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

Nolina texana Wats.Common name: beargrass, sacahuistaoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, rocky hills and plains

Animals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

Amaahaa*Amaranthus palmeriS. Wats.Common name: pigweed, carelessweed, redrootamaranthoxin: nitratesHabitat: gardens and old elds, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Amaranthus retroexusL.Common name: pigweed, carelessweed, redroot

amaranthoxin: nitratesHabitat: gardens and old elds, waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Aaaiaa*oxicodendron radicans(L.) KuntzeCommon name: poison ivyoxin: urushiol, a skin irritantHabitat: moist areas at lower elevations, ravinesAnimals aected: humans (dermatitis)

ApiaaApium graveolensL.Common name: celeryoxin: nitrates (in the tops)Habitat: waste groundAnimals aected: cattle

Berula erecta (Huds.) Cov.Common name: water parsnipoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: waterways, wet habitatsAnimals aected: cattle

*Cicuta maculata L.Common name: water hemlockoxin: cicutoxin (alcohol)Habitat: streams and marshesAnimals aected: all animals and humans

Conium maculatum L.Common name: poison hemlockoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: moist roadsides, ditches, edges o culti-vated eldsAnimals aected: all animals and humans

Daucus carota L.Common name: wild carrot, Queen Anns laceoxin: nitratesHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: horses, cattle

Pastinaca sativa L.Common name: parsnipoxin: unknownHabitat: disturbed ground, cultivated areasAnimals aected: humans

Sium suaveWalt.Common name: water parsnipoxin: unknownHabitat: marshes and wet soilsAnimals aected: cattle, swine

ApyaaApocynum androsaemiolium L.Common name: spreading dogbaneoxin: resins, glycosides

Habitat: open places, coarse soils along streams,meadows, and wooded hillsidesAnimals aected: cats, dogs

Apocynum cannabinum L.Common name: dogbane, hemp dogbaneoxin: resins, glycosides

* Major poisonous plant


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Apyaa (.)

Habitat: open places, coarse soils along streamsAnimals aected: cats, dogs

Nerium oleanderL.Common name: oleanderoxin: glycosidesHabitat: common ornamentalAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, humans

Apiaaa*Asclepias asperula (Decne) WoodsonCommon name: rough milkweed, spiderantelopehornoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloidsHabitat: open dry plains, fats, desert swales, sandyor rocky hillsides with pinyon, juniper, or oakAnimals aected: sheep, cattle goats, horses, poultry

*Asclepias incarnata L.Common name: swamp milkweedoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloidsHabitat: marshesAnimals aected: sheep, cattle, horses, poultry

*Asclepias latiolia (orr.) Ra.Common name: broadlea milkweedoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloidsHabitat: dry plains in sandy soilsAnimals aected: sheep, goats

*Asclepias pumila Voil.Common name: low whorled milkweed, plainswhorled milkweedoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloidsHabitat: plains, low hillsAnimals aected: sheep, goats

*Asclepias speciosa orr.Common name: showy milkweedoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloids

Habitat: prairies, open areasAnimals aected: sheep, goats

*Asclepias subverticillata Vail.Common name: whorled milkweed, westernwhorled milkweedoxin: resinoides, glycosides, alkaloids

Habitat: dry plains and oothills, waterways, irriga-tion canalsAnimals aected: sheep, goats

*Asclepias verticillata L.Common name: whorled milkweedoxin: resinoids, glycosides, alkaloidsHabitat: plains o northeastern New MexicoAnimals aected: sheep, cattle, horses

AaaAchillea milleolium L.Common name: yarrowoxin: alkaloids and glycosidesHabitat: variousAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Anthemis cotula L.

Common name: dog ennel, mayweedoxin: acrid substance irritating to mucousmembranesHabitat: disturbed soils, elds, waste placesAnimals aected: poultry

Artemisia liolia orr.Common name: sand sagebrushoxin: volatile oilsHabitat: sandy soilsAnimals aected: horses

Artemisia spinescens(DC.) EatonCommon name: bud sagebrushoxin: volatile oilsHabitat: dry plains, hillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster adscendensLindl.Common name: asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: mountain meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster coerulescensDC.Common name: asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: wet ground, along streamsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep



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Aaa (.)

Aster commutatusGrayCommon name: asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: open elds, waste groundsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster ericoidesL.Common name: asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: meadows, open woodsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster glaucoidesBlakeCommon name: gray asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: mountainsAnimals aected: sheep

Aster laevisL.Common name: smooth asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: scattered in dry to moist placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster occidentalis(Nutt.) orr. & GrayCommon name: western asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: mountain meadows at moderate elevationsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Aster pauciorusNutt.Common name: ewheaded asteroxin: seleniumHabitat: widespread in saline soilsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Baccharis pteronioidesDC.Common name: yerba-de-pasmooxin: unknownHabitat: dry, open hills

Animals aected: cattle, sheep

Bahia oppositiolia (Nutt.) DC.Common name: bahia, plains bahiaoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: dry soils o plains and hillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Baileya multiradiata Harv. & GrayCommon name: desert baileya, desert marigoldoxin: unknownHabitat: sandy and gravelly soils in dry areasAnimals aected: sheep, goats

Centaurea repensL.Common name: Russian knapweedoxin: unknownHabitat: elds, roadsides, waste placesAnimals aected: horses

Centaurea solstitialisL.Common name: yellow starthistleoxin: unknownHabitat: waste groundsAnimals aected: horses

Chrysothamnus nauseosus(Pall.) BrittonCommon name: rubber rabbitbrushoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, open places at moderate and lowelevationsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Conyza coulteriGrayCommon name: conyzaoxin: unknownHabitat: plains, valleys, alkaline soilsAnimals aected: sheep

Flourensia cernua DC.Common name: tarbushoxin: unknownHabitat: dry plains, hills, mesasAnimals aected: sheep, goats

Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) DunalCommon name: curlycup gumweedoxin: seleniumHabitat: dry open places, prairies, plains,

roadsides, eldsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Gutierrezia microcephala (DC.) GrayCommon name: broomweed, perennial snakeweed,turpentine weed, snakeweed, matchweedoxin: saponin



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Aaa (.)

Habitat: dry plains, slopes, mesasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats, swine,chicks, rabbits

*Gutierrezia sarothrae(Pursh) Britt. & RusbyCommon name: broom snakeweed, snakeweed,matchbrush, turpentine weedoxin: saponinHabitat: dry stony plains, slopes, mesasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats, swine,chicks, rabbits

*Haplopappus tenuisectus(Greene) BlakeCommon name: burrowweedoxin: tremetol (alcohol)Habitat: dry slopes and mesasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Helenium autumnaleL.Common name: sneezeweed, bitterweedoxin: unknown acrid substanceHabitat: moist low ground in lowlands andoothillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Helenium hoopesiiGrayCommon name: sneezeweed, orange sneezeweedoxin: glycoside (dugaldin)Habitat: high mountain slopes and valleys, otenorming dense stands in moist, sunny, undisturbedlocalitiesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Helenium microcephalum DC.Common name: sneezeweedoxin: unknownHabitat: moist groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, mules

*Hymenoxys odorata DC.

Common name: bitterweed, bitter rubberweedoxin: unknownHabitat: semiarid rangeAnimals aected: sheep

*Hymenoxys richardsonii(Hook.) CockerellCommon name: pingue, Colorado rubberweed,rubberweed

oxin: unknown, may be associated with mineralimbalanceHabitat: dry, rocky, or clay soils o plains andmountain slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

*Isocoma wrightii(Gray) Rydb.Common name: rayless goldenrod, jimmyweed,burrowweedoxin: tremetol (alcohol)Habitat: river valleys, drainage areas, irrigationcanalsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Lactuca serriola L.Common name: wild lettuceoxin: unknownHabitat: waste grounds, valleys, stream banks

Animals aected: cattle

*Oxytenia acerosa Nutt.Common name: copperweedoxin: unknownHabitat: alkaline soils in draws and streambeds,desert rangesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Psathyrotes annua (Nutt.) GrayCommon name: annual psathyrotesoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, sandy, oten alkaline soils, especiallycreekbeds, dry washesAnimals aected: sheep

*Psilostrophe sparsiora (Gray) A. Nels.Common name: paperfoweroxin: unknown, induces kidney damageHabitat: dry, open rangeAnimals aected: sheep

*Psilostrophe tagetinae(Nutt.) Greene

Common name: paperfoweroxin: unknown, induces kidney damageHabitat: dry, open rangeAnimals aected: sheep

Rudbeckia laciniata L.Common name: golden glow, conefower,thimble weed



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Aaa (.)oxin: unknownHabitat: moist, rich soilsAnimals aected: swine, sheep

Rudbeckia hirta L.Common name: black-eyed Susanoxin: unknownHabitat: open slopes, meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, swine

Sartwellia averiaeGrayCommon name: sartwelliaoxin: unknownHabitat: alkaline soils, gypsumAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

*Senecio accidusLessing

Common name: threadlea groundseloxin: pyrrolizidine alkaloidsHabitat: dry slopes, mesas, dry washesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

*Senecio riddelliiorr. & GrayCommon name: Riddells groundseloxin: pyrrolizidine alkaloidsHabitat: dry, sandy soilsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

Senecio spartioidesorr. & GrayCommon name: broom groundseloxin: pyrrolizidine alkaloidsHabitat: valleys, plains, open areas, pine orestsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

Senecio vulgarisL.Common name: common groundseloxin: pyrrolizidine alkaloidsHabitat: gardens, disturbed groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

Sideranthus grindelioides(Nutt.) Rydb.Common name: ironweedoxin: seleniumHabitat: dry plains, rocky hillsAnimals aected: sheep

anacetum vulgareL.Common name: common tansy

oxin: ethereal oil; causes abortionsHabitat: roadsides, waste areas, ditchbanks,moist areasAnimals aected: cattle

*etradymia canescensDC.Common name: horsebrushoxin: photosensitizing compoundsHabitat: dry desert and sagebrush rangeAnimals aected: sheep

*etradymia spinosa orr. & GrayCommon name: spiny horsebrushoxin: photosensitzing compoundsHabitat: dry desert and sagebrush rangeAnimals aected: sheep

Viguiera annua (Jones) Blake

Common name: annual goldeneyeoxin: unknownHabitat: dry hills and mesasAnimals aected: cattle

*Xanthium spinosum L.Common name: spiny cockleburoxin: hydroquinoneHabitat: waste places, eldsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, owl, swine

*Xanthium strumarium L.Common name: cockleburoxin: hydroquinoneHabitat: elds and waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, owl, swine

BagiaaAmsinckia intermedia Fisch & MayCommon name: ddleneckoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, open, cultivated ground andwaste areas

Animals aected: cattle, horses, swine

Cynoglossum ofcinaleL.Common name: hounds tongueoxin: unknownHabitat: waste places in plains and hillsAnimals aected: cattle



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Baiaa

Barbarea vulgarisR. Br.Common name: yellow rocketoxin: mustard oilHabitat: wet meadows, waste placesAnimals aected: horses

Brassica hirta MoenchCommon name: white mustardoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: cultivated elds, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Brassica kaberWheelerCommon name: charlockoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: grain elds, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, swine

Brassica nigra KochCommon name: black mustardoxin: goiterogenic glycosideHabitat: cultivated eldsAnimals aected: cattle

*Descurainia pinnata (Walt.) Britt.Common name: tansy mustardoxin: unknownHabitat: sandy soilsAnimals aected: cattle

Raphanus raphanastrum L.Common name: wild radishoxin: unknownHabitat: cultivated areas, waste placesAnimals aected: cattle

Stanleya pinnata (Pursh) Britt.Common name: princes plumeoxin: seleniumHabitat: desert areas, dry plains and mesas


Tlaspi arvenseL.Common name: eld pennycressoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: cultivated elds, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

campaaa

Lobelia cardinalisL.Common name: western cardinal foweroxin: alkaloidsHabitat: wet groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

caabiaaCannabis sativa L.Common name: marijuanaoxin: tetrahydrocannabinolHabitat: waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, humans

cappaiaaWislizenia reracta Engelm.Common name: jackass cloveroxin: unknown

Habitat: roadsides, eldsAnimals aected: cattle

capiiaaSambucus mexicana Presl.Common name: Mexican elderoxin: unknownHabitat: valleys, stream banks, ornamentalAnimals aected: cattle, swine

Sambucus microbotrysRydb.Common name: Rocky Mountain red elder

oxin: unknown, concentrated in rootHabitat: moist woods, 8,00012,000 eetAnimals aected: cattle, swine

cayphyaaAgrostemma githago L.Common name: corn cockleoxin: cardiac glycosideHabitat: cultivated elds, waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, swine, poultry

*Drymaria pachyphylla Woot. & Standl.Common name: inkweed, drymaryoxin: unknownHabitat: alkaline clay soilsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep



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cayphyaa (.)Saponaria ofcinalisL.Common name: bouncing bet, soapwortoxin: saponinHabitat: waste areas, roadsidesAnimals aected: sheep, rabbits

Saponaria vaccaria L.Common name: cow cockleoxin: saponinHabitat: waste areas, roadsidesAnimals aected: sheep, rabbits

chpiaaAtriplex canescens(Pursh) JamesCommon name: our-wing saltbushoxin: seleniumHabitat: dry plains, canyons


Atriplex nuttalliiWats. subsp. cuneata (A. Nels.)Common name: Nuttall saltbushoxin: seleniumHabitat: dry hills and slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Atriplex rosea L.Common name: red orache, red shadscaleoxin: seleniumHabitat: waste areas


Bassia hyssopiolia (Pall.) KuntzeCommon name: bassiaoxin: oxalatesHabitat: dry, saline areasAnimals aected: sheep

*Chenopodium album L.Common name: lambsquarter, gooseootoxin: nitrates

Habitat: waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Chenopodium ambrosioidesL.Common name: gooseootoxin: antihelminthic oil

Habitat: waste placesAnimals aected: geese

Chenopodium glaucum L.Common name: oaklea gooseootoxin: nitratesHabitat: waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Halogeton glomeratus(Bieg.) C.A. Mey.Common name: halogeton, barillaoxin: oxalatesHabitat: dry saline plains and alkaline areas,roadsidesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Kochia scoparia (L.) Schrad.Common name: summer cypress, kochia

oxin: photosensitizing compoundsHabitat: dry soils, roadsides, waste placesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Salsola tragusL.Common name: Russian thistle, tumbleweedoxin: nitratesHabitat: dry soils o plains and oothillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Sarcobatus vermiculatus(Hook.) orr.Common name: greasewoodoxin: oxalatesHabitat: alkaline fats or saline areas at lowelevationsAnimals aected: sheep, sometimes cattle

Suckleya suckleyana (orr.) Rydb.Common name: poison suckleyaoxin: hydrocyanic acidHabitat: moist ground, near ponds and reservoirsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

cypaaScirpus americanusPers.Common name: bulrushoxin: unknown, suspected o producing pulmo-nary emphysemaHabitat: wet or moist groundAnimals aected: sheep, sometimes cattle



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eqiaa

*Equisetum arvenseL.Common name: horsetail, scouring rushoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: sandy or gravelly soils along streams, moistelds, meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

*Equisetum hiemaleL.Common name: scouring rush, horsetailoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: low moist areas, mostly along streamsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

*Equisetum laevigatum R. Br.Common name: smooth horsetailoxin: thiaminaseHabitat: marshes, alluvial thickets, cultivated areas

Animals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

ephbiaaCroton texensis(Klotz.) DC.Common name: exas crotonoxin: croton oil (caustic)Habitat: roadsides, elds, dry streambedsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Euphorbia albomarginata orr. & GrayCommon name: spurgeoxin: unknown photosensitizing substance

Habitat: dry fats and slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Euphorbia esula L.Common name: leay spurgeoxin: unknown acrid principleHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: sheep, horses

Euphorbia maculata L.Common name: eyebane, spotted spurge

oxin: unknown photosensitizing substanceHabitat: elds, slopes, canyonsAnimals aected: sheep

Euphorbia marginata PurshCommon name: snow-on-the-mountainoxin: unknown acrid principle

Habitat: plains, ornamentalAnimals aected: cattle, humans

Euphorbia prostrata Alt.Common name: euphorbiaoxin: unknown acrid principleHabitat: open plains and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

Reverchonia arenaria GrayCommon name: reverchoniaoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, sandy groundAnimals aected: sheep

fabaa*Acacia constricta Benth.Common name: whitethorn acacia

oxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: dry slopes and mesasAnimals aected: cattle

Acacia greggiiGrayCommon name: catclaw acaciaoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: along streams and washes; southernNew MexicoAnimals aected: sheep

Astragalus albulusWoot. & Standl.

Common name: Cibola milkvetchoxin: seleniumHabitat: clay fats, low hills, sandstone soilsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Astragalus allochrousGray var. allochrousCommon name: halmoon locoweedoxin: swainsonineHabitat: dry slopes, plains, and valleysAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Astragalus allochrousGray var.playanus(M.E.Jones) IselyCommon name: Wooton locoweedoxin: alkaloid (locoine)Habitat: plains, slopes, valleysAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses



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fabaa (.)

*Astragalus praelongusvar. ellisiae(Rydb.) BarnebyCommon name: Ellis milkvetchoxin: seleniumHabitat: variety o habitats, widespreadAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Astragalus racemosusPursh var. racemosusCommon name: alkali milkvetchoxin: seleniumHabitat: barren slopes, alluvial areas, alkaline soilsAnimals aected: cattle

Astragalus racemosusvar. longisetusM.E. JonesCommon name: alkali milkvetchoxin: seleniumHabitat: eroded slopes, along streamsAnimals aected: cattle

Astragalus tephrodesGrayCommon name: silverline locoweedoxin: swainsonineHabitat: rocky slopes to sandy plainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Astragalus thurberiGrayCommon name: Turber milkvetchoxin: alkaloid (locoine)Habitat: plains, valleys, open slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Cassia asiculata Michx.Common name: partridge-peaoxin: unknownHabitat: dry elds and hillsidesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Crotalaria sagittalisL.Common name: rattlebox, crotalariaoxin: unknownHabitat: sandy soil near streams

Animals aected: horses

Lathyrus polymorphusNutall subsp. incanus(J.G.Sm. & Rydb.) C.L. Hitchc.Common name: wild pea

oxin: alpha-, gamma-diaminobutyric acidHabitat: dry plains, sandy banks, washesAnimals aected: horses

Lotus corniculatusL.Common name: birdsoot treoiloxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: sandy roadsidesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Lupinus alpestrisA. Nels.Common name: lupine, bluebonnetoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: mountainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Lupinus argenteusCommon name: silvery lupine

oxin: alkaoidsHabitat: meadows, open woodsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, deer

*Lupinus caudatusKell.Common name: Kelloggs spurred lupine, tailcutlupineoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: exposed hillsidesAnimals aected: cattle

Medicago hispida Gaertn.Common name: burcloveroxin: photosensitization compoundsHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, swine

Medicago sativa L.Common name: alala, lucerneoxin: saponin, photosensitization compoundsHabitat: cultivated and escapingAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, chicks, swine

Melilotus albusDesv.Common name: white sweetcloveroxin: dicoumarinHabitat: waste areas, eldsAnimals aected: cattle



14/28


fabaa (.)*Melilotus ofcinalisLam.Common name: yellow sweetcloveroxin: dicoumarinHabitat: waste areas, eldsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Oxytropis lambertiiPurshCommon name: Lamberts crazyweedoxin: unknown alkaloid, produces locoismHabitat: plains, mountain slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Oxytropis sericea orr. & GrayCommon name: white loco, silky crazyweedoxin: alkaloids, produces locoismHabitat: open slopes, widespreadAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Pisum sativum L.Common name: garden peaoxin: unknownHabitat: gardensAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Caesalpinia gilliesii(Wallich ex Hooker) Wallich exD. DietrichCommon name: bird o paradiseoxin: unknown, green seed pods aregastrointestinal irritantsHabitat: around dwelling sites, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

Prosopis glandulosa orr.Common name: mesquiteoxin: unknown, may cause a nutritional deciencyHabitat: plains, prairies, river valleysAnimals aected: cattle

Psoralea argophylla PurshCommon name: scur pea

oxin: unknownHabitat: plains and hillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Psoralea tenuiora PurshCommon name: scur pea, Indian turnipoxin: unknown

Habitat: dry plains, low hillsAnimals aected: cattle, horses

Robinia pseudoacacia L.Common name: black locustoxin: unknownHabitat: along roadsides, escaped rom cultivationAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, poultry

Sophora secundiora (Ort.) Lag.Common name: mescal bean, rijolitooxin: alkaloidsHabitat: along limestone blus, gravelly outwashesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

Sophora sericea Nutt.Common name: silky sophoraoxin: alkaloids

Habitat: dry elds and plainsAnimals aected: horses

Termopsis montana Nutt.Common name: mountain golden peaoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: mountain valleys and clearingsAnimals aected: cattle

Termopsis rhombiolia Rich.Common name: prairie thermopsisoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: dry, sandy soils o hills and plainsAnimals aected: cattle, horses

riolium hybridum L.Common name: alsike cloveroxin: photosensitizing compoundHabitat: meadows, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, swine

riolium pratenseL.Common name: red clover

oxin: unknownHabitat: elds and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

riolium repensL.Common name: white cloveroxin: cyanogenetic glycoside



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fabaa (.)

Habitat: elds and waste areasAnimals aected: newborn pigs

Vicia villosa RothCommon name: hairy vetch, wintervetchoxin: photosensitizing compoundHabitat: cultivated areasAnimals aected: cattle, horses

fagaa*Quercus gambeliiNutt.Common name: Gambeloakoxin: tanninsHabitat: canyons and mountain slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

*Quercus havardiiRydb.

Common name: Havard shinoak, shinneryoxin: tanninsHabitat: sandy plainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

fmaiaa*Corydalis aurea Willd.Common name: golden corydalisoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: damp slopes and plainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

GiaaaCentaurium calycosum Fern.Common name: mountain pinkoxin: unknownHabitat: boggy or marshy placesAnimals aected: sheep, goats

HypiaaHypericum ormosum H.B.K.Common name: southwestern St. Johns wortoxin: photosensitizing compoundsHabitat: moist soil in damp meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats

IiaaIris missouriensisNutt.Common name: Rocky Mountain irisoxin: unknownHabitat: open meadows in the higher mountainsAnimals aected: calves

Jagiaa

*riglochin maritima L.Common name: arrowgrassoxin: hydroqanic acidHabitat: marshy groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*riglochin palustrisL.Common name: arrowgrassoxin: hydroqanic acidHabitat: marshy groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

lamiaaLamium amplexicauleL.Common name: henbit, dead nettleoxin: unknownHabitat: waste areas

Animals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Salvia reexa Hornem.Common name: annual sage, mintweedoxin: nitratesHabitat: rocky slopes, open woodsAnimals aected: cattle

liiaaAsparagus ofcinalisL.Common name: asparagusoxin: unknown compound in ruits

Habitat: valleys, roadsides, loose or sandy soilsAnimals aected: cattle and dairy cattle

*Veratrum caliornicum DurandCommon name: alse hellebore, cornlilyoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: moist meadows in the mountainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, owl

*Zigadenus venenosusPurshCommon name: death camas

oxin: alkaloidsHabitat: wooded slopes in the mountainsAnimals aected: cattle, horses, swine, owl

*Zigadenus gramineusRydb.Common name: death camasoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: wooded slopes and open groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses



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Maa

Maclura pomiera SchneidCommon name: Osage orangeoxins: unknown compounds in ruitHabitat: waste areas and arroyosAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

oaiaaOxalis corniculata L.Common name: creeping woodsorreloxin: oxalatesHabitat: moist waste areas, oten in lawnsAnimals aected: sheep

PapavaaArgemone mexicana L.Common name: Mexican poppyoxin: alkaloids

Habitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, owl

Argemone polyanthemos(Fedde) G. OwnbeyCommon name: prickly poppyoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: dry plains, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, owl

Papaver nudicauleL. var. radicatum (Rottb.) DC.Common name: Iceland poppyoxin: alkaloids

Habitat: open slopes and summitsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Papaver somnierum L.Common name: common poppyoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: ornamentalAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

PiaaPinus ponderosa Laws.Common name: Western yellow pine,ponderosa pineoxin: unknown compounds in leavesHabitat: mountain areasAnimals aected: cattle

liiaa (.)

*Zigadenus paniculatus(Nutt.) WatsCommon name: death camasoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: open grassy or rocky plains and hillsAnimals aected: cattle, horses, swine

liaaLinum neomexicanum GreeneCommon name: New Mexico yellow faxoxin: saponin, glycosideHabitat: wooded mountain slopesAnimals aected: cattle

Linum usitatissimum L.Common name: faxoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: waste areas around cultivated areas


lahaaPhoradendron avescens(Pursh) Nutt.Common name: mistletoeoxin: pressor amines, phenylethylamine, tyramineHabitat: parasitic on cottonwood and other decidu-ous treesAnimals aected: cattle

MavaaGossypium barbadenseL.

Common name: sea-island cottonoxin: gossypol in seedsHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Malva parviora L.Common name: mallow, cheeseweedoxin: atty acids (malvalic and sterculic)Habitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Miaa

Melia azedarach L.Common name: chinaberry treeoxin: resins, especially in ruitsHabitat: waste areas, ornamentalAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses



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Paa

Agropyroncristatum (L.) Gaertn.Common name: wheatgrassoxin: ergot inestation o seedheadsHabitat: rangeland and pasturesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, humans

Aristida spp.Common name: red three-awnoxin: awns are mechanically injuriousHabitat: plains and rocky slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Avena atua L.Common name: wild oatsoxin: nitratesHabitat: cultivated land and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Avena sativa L.Common name: cultivated oatsoxin: nitrates, photosensitizing compounds, grasstetanyHabitat: open ground, grasslands, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Bouteloua spp.Common name: grama grassesoxin: low levels o cyanideHabitat: plainsAnimals aected: cattle

Bromus diandrusRothCommon name: ripgut bromeoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: weedy groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Bromus inermisLeyss.Common name: smooth bromeoxin: ergot inestation o seed heads

Habitat: mountain slopes and meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Bromus rubensL.Common name: oxtail chess, red bromeoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: dry hills and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Bromus tectorum L.Common name: cheatgrass, down cheatoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awns; mayalso cause ergot poisoningHabitat: roadsides and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.Common name: Bermudagrassoxin: photosensitizing compound, hayeverHabitat: waste areas; widespreadAnimals aected: cattle

Elymusspp.Common name: wild ryeoxin: ergot inestationHabitat: mountain slopes, plainsAnimals aected: cattle

Eragrostis cilianensis(All.) Lutati ex JanchenCommon name: lovegrass, stinkgrassoxin: unknownHabitat: cultivated or waste areasAnimals aected: horses

Festuca arundinacea SchreberCommon name: tall escueoxin: alkaloids, escue ootHabitat: pasturesAnimals aected: cattle

Glyceria striata (Lam.) Hitchc.Common name: owl mannagrassoxin: cyanogenetic compoundsHabitat: plains and oothillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Hilaria jamesii(orr.) Benth.Common name: galletaoxin: ergot inestation o seedheadsHabitat: plains and oothills


Hilaria mutica (Buckl.) Benth.Common name: tobosaoxin: ergot inestation o seedheadsHabitat: plains and oothillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses



18/28


Paa (.)

Hordeum jubatum L.Common name: oxtail barleyoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: plains and open slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Hordeum vulgareL.Common name: barleyoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, swine, dogs, poultry

Lolium perenneL.Common name: perennial ryegrassoxin: ergot inestation o seed headsHabitat: meadows, waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

Panicum antidotaleRetz.Common name: blue panicumoxin: nitratesHabitat: rangelandsAnimals aected: cattle

Panicum capillareL.Common name: witchgrassoxin: nitratesHabitat: roadsides, waste placesAnimals aected: cattle

Panicum coloratum L.Common name: Kleinegrassoxin: photosensitivityHabitat: pasturesAnimals aected: sheep

Paspalum dilatatum Poir.Common name: dallisgrassoxin: ergot inestation o seed headsHabitat: irrigated pastures, moist disturbed areas


Poa pratensisL.Common name: Kentucky bluegrassoxin: ergot inestation o seed headsHabitat: lawns, pastures, meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Secale cerealeL.Common name: ryeoxin: ergot inestation o seed headsHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, humans

Setaria lutescens(Wiegel) Hubb.Common name: yellow bristlegrassoxin: mechanically injurious (rare)Habitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle

Sorghum bicolor(L.) MoenchCommon name: common sorghum, milooxin: cyanideHabitat: waste areas, cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers.Common name: Johnsongrassoxin: cynanideHabitat: waste areas, cultivated eldsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Stipa comata rin. Rupr.Common name: needle-and-threadoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: open slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Stipa neomexicana (Turb.) Scribn.Common name: New Mexico eathergrassoxin: mechanical injury rom mature awnsHabitat: dry hillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn.Common name: sleepygrassoxin: unknown narcoticHabitat: open slopes, northern to south-centralNew Mexico


Zea maysL.Common name: common maizeoxin: nitratesHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle



19/28


oxin: oxalatesHabitat: waste areas, cultivated areasAnimals aected: sheep

PimaaAnagallis arvensisL.Common name: pimperneloxin: unknownHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: sheep

raaa*Aconitum columbianum Nutt.Common name: monkshoodoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: moist ground, oten along streamsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Actea arguta Nutt.Common name: baneberryoxin: irritant oilHabitat: woodsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, humans

Anemone patensL.Common name: pasque foweroxin: glycosideHabitat: open meadowsAnimals aected: sheep

Caltha leptosepala DC.Common name: elkslip, March marigoldoxin: glycosideHabitat: wet meadows, boggy groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

*Delphinium barbeyiHuth.Common name: Barbey larkspur, tall larkspuroxin: alkaloidsHabitat: open meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, occasionally sheep

*Delphinium nelsoniiGreeneCommon name: Nelson larkspuroxin: alkaloidsHabitat: dry plainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Delphinium occidentaleWats.Common name: larkspur

Pygaaa

Polygala sanguinea (L.) FarwellCommon name: milkwort, snakerootoxin: irritant drugHabitat: plainsAnimals aected: horses

PygaaBeta vulgarisL.Common name: beet, sugar beetoxin: oxalates, nitratesHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle

Fagopyrum sagittatum Gilib.Common name: buckwheatoxin: primary photosensitizerHabitat: waste areas, roadsides

Animals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, goats,swine, owl

Rheum rhaponticum L.Common name: rhubarboxin: oxalic acid in the lea bladesHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Rumex acetosella L.Common name: sheep sorrel, dockoxin: oxalates in the lea blades

Habitat: disturbed placesAnimals aected: sheep

Rumex crispusL.Common name: curlylea dockoxin: oxalatesHabitat: cultivated elds, waste areasAnimals aected: sheep

Pypiaa*Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn.

Common name: bracken ernoxin: thiaminaseHabitat: open woods and clearings in themountainsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

PaaaPortulaca oleracea L.Common name: common purslane



20/28


Prunus persica BatschCommon name: peachoxin: cyanogenetic glycoside, especially inseeds (pits)Habitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Prunus serotina Ehrh.Common name: southwestern chokecherryoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: along streamsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Prunus virginiana L.Common name: chokecherryoxin: cyanogenetic glycosideHabitat: moist canyons and slopesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

saaaaComandra umbellata (L.) Nutt.Common name: bastard toadfaxoxin: alkaloids, glycosides, seleniumHabitat: plains and orested slopes; parasitic onother plantsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

sphaiaaCastilleja spp.Common name: paintbrushes

oxin: seleniumHabitat: oothills and plainsAnimals aected: cattle

sipiaaDryopteris lix-mas(L.) SchottCommon name: maleernoxin: thiaminaseHabitat: damp, rocky places, oten along streamsAnimals aected: horses

*Notholaena sinuata (Lag.) Kaul. var. cochisenis(Goodding) Weath.Common name: Jimmy ern, cloak ernoxin: unknown, passed through the milkHabitat: dry, rocky areas, along canyon wallsAnimals aected: sheep

raaa (.)

oxin: alkaloidsHabitat: dry slopes in oak scrubAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Delphinium robustum Rydb.Common name: larkspuroxin: alkaloidsHabitat: mountain meadowsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

*Delphinium virescensNutt.Common name: larkspuroxin: alkaloidsHabitat: dry plains and hillsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Ranunculus cymbalaria Purch

Common name: alkali buttercup, trailing buttercupoxin: glycosideHabitat: wet groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Ranunculus sceleratusL.Common name: crowoot, buttercupoxin: glycosideHabitat: marshy groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

raa

*Cercocarpus montanusRa.Common name: mountain mahoganyoxin: cyanogenetic glycosidesHabitat: dry hillsidesAnimals aected: cattle

Malus sylvestrisMill.Common name: appleoxin: cyanide in leavesHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, horses, mules

Prunus armeniaca L.Common name: apricotoxin: cyanogenetic glycoside, especially inseeds (pits)Habitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses



21/28


saaa

*Datura stramonium L.Common name: Jimsonweedoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: waste or cultivated groundAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, swine,mules, chickens, humans

*Datura wrightiiRegel.Common name: datura, thornappleoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: mesas and waste groundsAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, swine,mules, chickens, humans

Hyoscyamus nigerL.Common name: henbaneoxin: alkaloids

Habitat: moist roadsidesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, owl

Lycium halimiolium Mill.Common name: matrimony vineoxin: unknownHabitat: dry hills and plainsAnimals aected: calves, sheep

Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.Common name: tomatooxin: alkaloids in leaves and vinesHabitat: cultivatedAnimals aected: cattle, swine

Nicotiana attenuata S. Wats.Common name: coyote tobaccooxin: nicotineHabitat: sandy ground near streams and washesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses, swine

Nicotiana glauca GrahamCommon name: tree tobacco

oxin: nicotineHabitat: along desert streams and washesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Nicotiana trigonophylla DunalCommon name: desert tobaccooxin: nicotineHabitat: desert canyons, washesAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Physalis virginiana Mill. var. sonora (orr.) WaterallCommon name: groundcherryoxin: unknownHabitat: moist ground, widespreadAnimals aected: sheep

*Solanum elaeagniolium Cav.Common name: silverlea nightshade, horsenettleoxin: glycoalkaloidsHabitat: shaded slopes or waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep

Solanum nigrum L.Common name: black nightshadeoxin: glycoalkaloidsHabitat: shaded slopes or waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Solanum rostratum Dunal.Common name: bualoburoxin: glycoalkaloidsHabitat: plains and waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, swine

Solanum sarachoidesSendt.Common name: hairy nightshadeoxin: glycoalkaloidsHabitat: waste areasAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, horses

Solanum triorum Nutt.Common name: cutlea nightshadeoxin: glycoalkaloidsHabitat: plains, roadsides, streambedsAnimals aected: cattle, horses

typhaaypha latiolia L.Common name: cattailoxin: hayeverHabitat: marshes, ponds


Urtica gracilisAit.Common name: stinging nettleoxin: stinging hairs cause dermatitis, nitratesHabitat: rich damp soil in thickets in mountainsAnimals aected: horses



22/28


Vbaa

Aloysia wrightii(Gray) HellerCommon name: whitebrushoxin: unknownHabitat: dry, rocky slopes, oten on limestone soilsAnimals aected: horses

ZygphyaaKallstroemia hirsutissima VailCommon name: hairy caltropoxin: unknownHabitat: dry plains, widespreadAnimals aected: cattle, sheep, goats

Peganum harmala L.Common name: Arican rueoxin: alkaloidsHabitat: southern dry plains


*ribulus terrestrisL.Common name: puncturevine, goatheadoxin: nitrates, photosensitizing compound,saponinsHabitat: disturbed areasAnimals aected: sheep

references

Fuller, T.C., and E. McClintock. 1986. Poisonous plantso Caliornia. Berkely: University o Caliornia Press.

James, L.F., R.F. Keeler, A.E. Johnson, M.C. Williams,E.H. Cronin, and J.D. Olsen. 1980. Plants poison-ous to livestock in the western states (In. Bul. 415).

Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department o Agriculture.Kingsbury, J.M. 1964. Poisonous plants o the UnitedStates and Canada. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc.

Norris, J.J., K.A. Valentine. 1957. Principle livestock-poi-soning plants o New Mexico ranges(Circular 274). LasCruces, NM: New Mexico State University Coopera-tive Extension Service.

Schmutz, E.M., B.N. Freeman, and R.E. Reed. 1968.Livestock-poisoning plants o Arizona. Tucson: Univer-sity o Arizona Press.


A

Acacia constricta 11Acacia greggii 11Achillea milleolium 5Aconitum columbianum 19Actea arguta 19Arican rue 22Agae lechuguilla 4Agropyron cristatum 17

Agrostemma githago 9Alala 13Alkali buttercup 20Alkali milkvetch 13Aloysia wrightii 22Alsike clover 14Amaranthus palmeri 4Amaranthus retroexus 4Amsinckia intermedia 8

Anagallis arensis 19Anemone patens 19Annual goldeneye 8Annual psathyrotes 7Annual sage 15Anthemis cotula 5Apium graeolens 4Apocynum androsaemiolium 4Apocynum cannabinum 4

Apple 20Apricot 20Argemone mexicana 16Argemone polyanthemos 16Aristida spp. 17Arrowgrass 15 Artemisia liolia 5Artemisia spinescens 5Asclepias asperula 5

Index to GenerIc And coMMon nAMes


23/28


Asclepias incarnata 5Asclepias latiolia 5Asclepias pumila 5Asclepias speciosa 5Asclepias suberticillata 5Asclepias erticillata 5Asparagus 15

Asparagus ocinalis 15Aster 5, 6Aster adscendens 5Aster coerulescens 5Aster commutatus 6Aster ericoides 6Aster glaucoides 6Aster laeis 6Aster occidentalis 6Aster pauciorus 6Astragalus albulus 11Astragalus allochrous var.allochrous 11

Astragalus allochrous var.playanus 11Astragalus bisulcatus var. bisulcatus 12Astragalus bisulcatus var. haydenianus 12Astragalus canadensis 12Astragalus conertiorus 12 Astragalus drummondii 12Astragalus emoryanus 12Astragalus aus 12Astragalus lentiginosus var. diphysus 12Astragalus lentiginosus var. lentiginosus 12Astragalus mollissimus var. earlei 12Astragalus mollissimus var. mollissimus 12

Astragalus nothoxys 12Astragalus oocalycis 12 Astragalus pattersonii 12Astragalus pectinatus 12 Astragalus praelongusvar.praelongus 12 Astragalus praelongusvar. ellisiae 13Astragalus racemosus var. longisetus 13Astragalus racemosus var. racemosus 13Astragalus tephrodes 13Astragalus thurberi 13Atriplex canescens 10Atriplex nuttallii var. cuneata 10

Atriplex rosea 10Aena atua 17Aena satia 17

B

Baccharis pteronioides 6Bahia 6Bahia oppositiolia 6Baileya multiradiata 6

Baneberry 19Barbarea ulgaris 9Barbey larkspur 19Barilla 10Barley 18Bassia 10Bassia hyssopiolia 10

Bastard toadax 20Beaked milkvetch 12Beargrass 4Beet 19Bermudagrass 17Berula erecta 4Beta ulgaris 19Bird o paradise 14Birdsoot treoil 13Bitter rubberweed 7Bitterweed 7Black-eyed Susan 8

Black locust 14Black mustard 9Black nightshade 21Bluebonnet 13Blue loco 12Blue panicum 18Bouncing bet 10Bouteloua spp. 17Bracken ern 19Brassica hirta 9Brassica kaber 9Brassica nigra 9

Broadlea milkweed 5Bromus diandrus 17Bromus inermis 17Bromus rubens 17Bromus tectorum 17Broom groundsel 8Broom snakeweed 7Broomweed 6Buckwheat 19Bud sagebrush 5Bufalobur 21Bulrush 10

Burclover 13Burrowweed 7Buttercup 20

C

Caesalpinia gilliesii 14Caltha leptosepala 19Canada milkvetch 12Cannabis satia 9


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Carelessweed 4Cassia asiculata 13Castilleja spp. 20Catclaw acacia 11Cattail 21Celery 4Centaurea repens 6

Centaurea solstitialis 6Centaurium calycosum 15Cercocarpus montanus 20Charlock 9Cheatgrass 17Cheeseweed 16Chenopodium album 10Chenopodium ambrosioides 10Chenopodium glaucum 10Chinaberry tree 16Chokecherry 20Chrysothamnus nauseosus 6

Cibola milkvetch 11Cicuta maculata 4Cloak ern 20Cocklebur 8Colorado rubberweed 7Comandra umbellata 20Common groundsel 8Common maize 18Common poppy 16Common purslane 19Common sorghum 18Common tansy 8

Coneower 7Conium maculatum 4Conyza 6Conyza coulteri 6Copperweed 7Corn cockle 9Cornlily 15Corydalis aurea 15Cow cockle 10Coyote tobacco 21Creeping woodsorrel 16Crotalaria 13

Crotalaria sagittalis 13Croton texensis 11Crowoot 20Cultivated oats 17Curlycup gumweed 6Curlylea dock 19Cutlea nightshade 21Cynodon dactylon 17Cynoglossum ocinale 8

D

Dallisgrass 18Datura 21Datura stramonium 21Datura wrightii 21Daucus carota 4

Dead nettle 15Death camas 15, 16Delphinium barbeyi 19Delphinium nelsonii 19Delphinium occidentale 19Delphinium robustum 20Delphinium irescens 20 Descurainia pinnata 9Desert baileya 6Desert marigold 6Desert tobacco 21Dock 19

Dogbane 4Dog ennel 5Down cheat 17Drummond milkvetch 12Drymaria pachyphylla 9Drymary 9Dryopteris lix-mas 20

E

Elkslip 19Ellis milkvetch 13Elymus spp. 17

Emory milkvetch 12Equisetum arense 11Equisetum hiemale 11Equisetum laeigatum 11 Eragrostis cilianensis 17Euphorbia 11Euphorbia albomarginata 11Euphorbia esula 11 Euphorbia maculata 11 Euphorbia marginata 11Euphorbia prostrata 11Eyebane 11

F

Fagopyrum sagittatum 19False hellebore 15Festuca arundinacea 17Fewheaded aster 6Fiddleneck 8Field pennycress 9Flax 16


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Flourensia cernua 6Four-wing saltbush 10Fowl mannagrass 17Foxtail barley 18Foxtail chess 17Frijolito 14

GGalleta 17Gambeloak 15Garden pea 14Glyceria striata 17Goathead 22Golden corydalis 15Golden glow 7Gooseoot 10Gossypium barbadense 16Grama grasses 17Gray aster 6

Greasewood 10Grindelia squarrosa 6Groundcherry 21Gutierrezia microcephala 6Gutierrezia sarothrae 7

H

Hairy caltrop 22Hairy nightshade 21Hairy vetch 15Halmoon locoweed 11Halogeton 10Halogeton glomeratus 10Haplopappus tenuisectus 7Havard shinoak 15Helenium autumnale 7Helenium hoopesii 7Helenium microcephalum 7Hemp dogbane 4Henbane 21Henbit 15Hilaria jamesii 17Hilaria mutica 17Hordeum jubatum 18

Hordeum ulgare 18Horsebrush 8Horsenettle 21Horsetail 11Hounds tongue 8Hymenoxys odorata 7Hymenoxys richardsonii 7Hyoscyamus niger 21Hypericum ormosum 15

I

Iceland poppy 16Indian turnip 14Inkweed 9Iris missouriensis 15Ironweed 8

Isocoma wrightii 7J

Jackass clover Jimmy ern Jimmyweed Jimsonweed Johnsongrass

K

Kallstroemia hirsutissima 22Kelloggs spurred lupine 13

Kentucky bluegrass 18Kleinegrass 18Kochia 10Kochia scoparia 10

L

Lactuca serriola 7Lamberts crazyweed 14Lambsquarter 10Lamium amplexicaule 15Larkspur 19, 20Lathyrus polymorphus var. incanus 13Leay spurge 11Lechuguilla 4Linum neomexicanum 16Linum usitatissimum 16Lobelia cardinalis 9Locoweed 12Lolium perenne 18Lotus corniculatus 13Lovegrass 17Low whorled milkweed 5Lucerne 13Lupine 13

Lupinus alpestris 13Lupinus argenteus 13Lupinus caudatus 13Lycium halimiolium 21Lycopersicon esculentum 21

M

Maclura pomiera 16Maleern 20


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Mallow 16Malus sylvestris 20Malva pariora 16March marigold 19Marijuana 9Matchbrush 7Matchweed 6

Matrimony vine 21Mayweed 5Medicago hispida 13Medicago satia 13Melia azedarach 16Melilotus albus 13Melilotus ocinalis 14Mescal bean 14Mesquite 14Mexican elder 9Mexican poppy 16Milkwort 19

Milo 18Mintweed 15Mistletoe 16Monkshood 19Mountain golden pea 14Mountain mahogany 20Mountain pink 15

N

Needle-and-thread 18Nelson larkspur 19Nerium oleander 5

New Mexico eathergrass 18New Mexico yellow ax 16Nicotiana attenuata 21Nicotiana glauca 21Nicotiana trigonophylla 21Nolina microcarpa 4Nolina texana 4Notholaena sinuata var. cochisenis 20Nuttall saltbush 10

O

Oaklea gooseoot 10

Oleander 5Orange sneezeweed 7Osage orange 16Oxalis corniculata 16Oxytenia acerosa 7Oxytropis lambertii 14Oxytropis sericea 14

P

Paintbrushes 20Panicum antidotale 18Panicum capillare 18Panicum coloratum 18Papaer nudicaulevar. radicatum 16

Papaer somnierum 16Paperower 7Parsnip 4Partidge-pea 13Paspalum dilatatum 18Pasque ower 19Pastinaca satia 4Patterson locoweed 12Peach 20Peganum harmala 22Perennial ryegrass 18Perennial snakeweed 6

Phoradendron aescens 16Physalis irginiana var.sonora 21Pigweed 4Pimpernel 19Pingue 7Pinus ponderosa 16Pisum satium 14Plains bahia 6Plains whorled milkweed 5Poa pratensis 18Poison hemlock 4Poison ivy 4Poison suckleya 10Polygala sanguinea 19Ponderosa pine 16Portulaca oleracea 19Prairie thermopsis 14Prickly poppy 16Princes plume 9Prosopis glandulosa 14Prunus armeniaca 20Prunus persica 20Prunus serotina 20Prunus irginiana 20Psathyrotes annua 7Psilostrophe sparsiora 7 Psilostrophe tagetinae 7Psoralea argophylla 14Psoralea tenuiora 14Pteridium aquilinum 19Puncturevine 22


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Q

Queen Anns lace 4Quercus gambelii 15Quercus haardii 15

R

Ranunculus cymbalaria 20Ranunculus sceleratus 20Raphanus raphanastrum 9Rattlebox 13Rattleweed 12Rayless goldenrod 7Red brome 17Red clover 14Red orache 10Redroot amaranth 4Red shadscale 10Red three-awn 17

Reverchonia 11Reerchonia arenaria 11Rheum rhaponticum 19Rhubarb 19Riddells groundsel 8Ripgut brome 17Robinia pseudoacacia 14Rocky Mountain iris 15Rocky Mountain red elder 9Rough milkweed 5Rubber rabbitbrush 6Rubberweed 7

Rudbeckia hirta 8Rudbeckia laciniata 7Rumex acetosella 19Rumex crispus 19Russian knapweed 6Russian thistle 10Rye 18

S

Sacahuista 4Salsola tragus 10Salvia reexa 15

Sambucus mexicana 9Sambucus microbotrys 9Sand sagebrush 5Saponaria ocinalis 10Saponaria accaria 10Sarcobatus ermiculatus 10Sartwellia 8Sartwellia aeriae 8Scirpus americanus 10

Scouring rush 11Scur pea 14Sea-island cotton 16Secale cereale 18Senecio accidus 8Senecio riddellii 8Senecio spartioides 8

Senecio ulgaris 8Setaria lutescens 18Sheep sorrel 19Shinnery 15Showy milkweed 5Sideranthus grindelioides 8Silky crazyweed 14Silky sophora 14Silverlea nightshade 21Silverline locoweed 13Silvery lupine 13Sium suae 4

Sleepygrass 18Smooth aster 6Smooth brome 17Smooth horsetail 11Snakeroot 19Snakeweed 6, 7Sneezeweed 7Snow-on-the-mountain 11Soapwort 10Solanum elaeagniolium 21Solanum nigrum 21Solanum rostratum 21

Solanum sarachoides 21Solanum triorum 21Sophora secundiora 14Sophora sericea 14Sorghum bicolor 18Sorghum halepense 18Southwestern chokecherry 20Southwestern St. Johns wort 15Spider antelopehorn 5Spiny cocklebur 8Spiny horsebrush 8Spotted spurge 11

Spreading dogbane 4Spurge 11Stanleya pinnata 9Stinging nettle 21Stinkgrass 17Stinking milkvetch 12Stipa comata 18Stipa neomexicana 18Stipa robusta 18


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New Mexico State University is an equal opportunity/armative action employer and educator. NMSU and the U.S. Departmento Agriculture cooperating.

F b 2010 L C NM

Suckleya suckleyana 10Sugar beet 19Summer cypress 10Swamp milkweed 5

ailcut lupine 13all escue 17all larkspur 19anacetum ulgare 8ansy mustard 9arbush 6etradymia canescens 8etradymia spinosa 8exas croton 11Termopsis montana 14Termopsis rhombiolia 14Timble weed 7Tlaspi arense 9

Tornapple 21Treadlea groundsel 8Turber milkvetch 13ine-leaved milkvetch 12obosa 17omato 21oxicodendron radicans 4railing buttercup 20ree tobacco 21ribulus terrestris 22riolium hybridum 14riolium pratense 14

riolium repens 14riglochin maritima 15riglochin palustris 15umbleweed 10urpentine weed 6, 7wo-grooved milkvetch 12ypha latiolia 21

U

Urtica gracilis 21

V

Veratrum caliornicum 15Vicia illosa 15Viguiera annua 8

W

Water hemlock Water parsnip Western aster Western cardinal ower 9 Western whorled milkweed 5

Western yellow pine 16 Wheatgrass Whitebrush White clover Whitethorn acacia White loco White mustard White sweetclover Whorled milkweed Wild carrot Wild lettuce Wild oats

Wild pea Wild radish Wild rye Wintervetch Wislizenia refacta 9

Witchgrass Woolly locoweed Wooton locoweed

X

Xanthium spinosum 8Xanthium strumarium 8

Y

Yarrow 5Yellow bristlegrass 18Yellow milkvetch 12Yellow rocket 9Yellow starthistle 6Yellow sweetclover 14Yerba-de-pasmo 6

Z

Zea mays 18

Zigadenus gramineus 15Zigadenus paniculatus 16Zigadenus enenosus 15

Documents

Checklist of Poisonous or Injurious Range Plants of New Mexico