Upload
moe146
View
219
Download
0
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 1/85
Energy & The Wind
Presented to CHAT & HEAT
Central Huron Against Turbines & Huron East Against Turbines
Public Meeting - REACH Centre, Clinton ON
by
Bill Palmer - Sept. 16, 2010
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 2/85
Control of Energy Let
Civilization Develop Without control of energy mankind was at the
whim of the surroundings
As population grows and expectations of civilization increases, the demand for energygrows
We are going to look at the role of wind power
in meeting those needs, and implications of that role: ± To the generating system
± To public safety
± To public health via noise
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 3/85
http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/
human_pop/human_pop.html
Population Growth - in Years Before Present
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 4/85
Developing vs Developed Population
EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database
01000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
7000
Year 1990 Year 2000 Year 2005
P o p u l a t i o n
i n M i l l i o n s
Developed Nations Developing Nations
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 5/85
Developing vs Developed Energy Use
EarthTrends (http://earthtrends.wri.org) Searchable Database
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
Year 1990 Year 2000 Year 2005
M
i l l i o n T o n
n e s o f O i l
E q u i v
a l e n t
Developed Countries Developing Countries
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 6/85
What Injustice, you say? How can developing countries dare
increase their energy demands by (for
example) 68% (India) to 99% (China)from 1990 to 2005?
In the same period of time, Europedecreased their total energyconsumption by 6%
Is not that the way we should be going?
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 7/85
Pause for a Reality Check
Nearly 2.7 billion people are living on less than twodollars a day.
Most women in the developing world walk more than
5 kilometers everyday in search of water and firewood.
Every year, 6 million children, mostly under the age of 5, die from diseases that are completely preventable.
Worldwide, more than 114 million children do not get even a basic education.
http://www.hope-international.com/projects-and-programs.html
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 8/85
And We Ask about Injustice?
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 9/85
World Energy Contributions 2006
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
Petr leum
Coal
Natural Gas
Nuclear
Renewable - Hy raulic
Renewable- Biomass
Renewable - Wind
Renewable - Geot ermal
Renewable - olar, Wave, ide
PWh
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 10/85
Energy Per Person - Canada & ChinaMWh per Person Year for Each Component
R e s i
e n t i l
m m e r c i
l
I n d u
s t r i
l
rn s p o
r tt i o n
E l e c t r i c
l L o s s e s
China Wh/p-yr
Canada Wh/p-yr.
.
.
.
..
.
.
.
.
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 11/85
How Energy Used - Canada & ChinaPercentage of Total Use by Each Component
R e s
i d e n
t i a l
C o
e ri a l
n d u s
t r i a l
T r a n
s p o r t a t i o
n
E l e
t r i
a l o s
s e s
China
Canada0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 12/85
Let¶s Look at the Future
Up to now, we have focused on actualhistorical experience and known facts
There are large energy demands, which willcontinue to rise as developing nations use
more to provide necessities of life to billions There is a limited availability of conventional
resources, based on projected consumption
There is evidence climate is changing, but
whether this is caused by energy use or notmay not be the most critical factor - after weconsume all available resources, civilizationwill suffer - What options have we?
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 13/85
Consider Growth Again
Fuel %/yr
2006-2030
Oil 0.9%
Coal 1.7%
Gas 1.6%
Nuclear 1. 5%
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 14/85
Who Has Known Reserves?
Fuel Countries With Top 60% of Reserves
Petroleum Saudi Arabia 19.9%, Canada 13.3%,Iran 10.1%, Iraq 8.6%, Kuwait 7.7%,
Venezuela 7.4%Coal USA 28.3%, Russia 18.6%, China
13.6%
NaturalGas
Russia 26.9%, Iran 15.9%,Qatar 14.3%, Saudi Arabia 4.1%
Nuclear Australia 22%, Kazakhstan 11%,Canada 10%, USA 10%,
South Africa 8%
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 15/85
What Known Reserves Exist?Fuel Known
Reserve
Lasts x yrs
@ currentrate
Lasts y yrs
@ projectedrate
Petroleum 1342 Billionbarrels
44 37
Coal 930 Billionshort tons
138 71
Natural Gas 6254
Trillion cu ft
60 42
Nuclear 3.3 MillionTons
50 (noadditionalrecycling)
38 (norecycling) to100¶s (with
recycling)
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 16/85
Years Reserve
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
930,423 Short
ons
6254.364 rillion
Cu ft
1342.207 Billion
Barrels
3.3 illion
Tonnes
Coal atural Gas Petroleum Uranium
Fuel Type and Current Reser e
Years Reser e @Current Rate Years Reser e @ Projected Rate
With
recycling,
uranium
supplies predicted
to last
100¶s of
years
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 17/85
That Other Resource - Money
We need to make sure that we aredoing the best we can with limitednatural resources, but also with limited
financial resources We need to ask some questions about
decisions, that are made without
thinking through the evidence World wide, national debt is a significant
problem, and a ticking time bomb
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 18/85
Consider Canada - 2006 EmissionsCanada Greenhouse Gases 2006
16%
21%
6%
0%
5%6%
0%
26%
8%
0%
9%3%
Electricity and Heat Generation Total Fossil Industry
Manufacturing Industry Construction
Commercial & Institutional Residential
Agriculture & Forestry Transportation
Industrial Proceses Solvent & Ot er Product
Agriculture Waste
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 19/85
Canada¶s 26.4% Transport PartTransportation Contributors
4%
20%
24%
3%
0%
0%
1%
20%
0%
4%
3%
21%
Civil Aviation Light uty Gas Cars
Light uty Gas Trucks Heavy uty Gas Trucks
Motorcycles Light uty iesel Vehicles
Light uty iesel Trucks Heavy uty iesel Vehicles
Propane & Natural Gas Vehicles Railways
Navigation Other Transport
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 20/85
Adding Wind to the Mix Ontario has about 6600 MW of coal, is headed to
11,000 MW of Natural Gas and 6000 + MW of Wind In 2009, Ontario Wind Turbines produced 80% of
capacity less than 3% of the time, less than 15% of capacity 40% of the time, with average cf of 27.6%
in summer of 2010, on 40% of days wind output wasless than 5% for sustained periods of 5 hours or more
On some days > 5000 MW of coal & > 7000 MW gaswas on line, plus all available hydro and > 9000 MW
nuclear - wind output was < 54 MW of available 1085. Coal replacement will done by natural gas, not wind
Canada has an assured gas supply of 10 years, andOntario decision increases provincial natural gas
demand 40%
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 21/85
Wind Turbines in Ontario
Currently 1248 MW - 724 turbines ± Melancthon - 199.5 MW - 133 turbines
:ROIH,VODQG0: WXUELQHV
3ULQFH7ZS0: WXUELQHV
(QEULGJH0: WXUELQHV
3RUW$OPD0: WXUELQHV
(ULH6KRUHV 0: WXUELQHV ± Ripley - 76 MW - 38 turbines
± Kingsbridge I - 39.6 MW - 22 turbines
± Others < 10 MW each - 163 MW - 99 turbines
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 22/85
Ontario Wind Turbine Plan
In Service Now - 1248 MW, 724 turbines
Under construction now - 689.6 MW
Samsung contract Feb 2010 - 2000 MW +OPA Approved Apr 2010 - 1229 + 300 MW
+OPA Listed awaiting ECT - 5561.7 + 30 MW
+Others known Trillium - 700 MW
+Others (eg. North Bruce, etc) - 200 to 400 MW
Total > 12,000 MW
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 23/85
Ontario Winter Week
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 24/85
Ontario Summer Week
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 25/85
Ontario Fall Week
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 26/85
Ontario Christmas Week
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 27/85
Ontario In Service WindTurbine Output - 2009
0%
2%
4%
6%
8%
10%
12%
14%
16%
0 t o
5 %
6 t o
1 0 %
1 1 t o 1 5
%
1 6 t o 2 0
%
2 1 t o 2 5 %
2 6 t o 3 0
%
3 1 t o 3 5
%
3 6 t o 4 0 %
4 1 t o 4 5
%
4 6 t o 5 0
%
5 1 t o 5 5
%
5 6 t o 6 0
%
6 1 t o 6 5
%
6 6 t o 7 0
%
7 1 t o 7 5
%
7 6 t o 8 0
%
8 1 t o 8 5
%
8 6 t o 9 0
%
9 1 t o 9 5
%
9 6 t o 1 0 0 %
Percent utput
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 28/85
Average Hourly Demand andTurbine Capacity Factor
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 29/85
The Need for Storage Some generating techniques need storage of
energy to be able to use it when demanded ± Solar
± Wind
Need to cost in the future costs of fixed pricecontracts and capital writeoff
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 30/85
Storage System Comparisons - Wh/kg
To store output from a 2.5 MW wind turbine for 8 hours = 20 MWh
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 31/85
Flywheel Storage System
Flywheel at theCERN FusionResearch Facility
Weighs 800 tons(727,000 kg)
Spinning at 225 rpmstores 1 MWh
energy density is ~ 1Wh / kg
Would need 20 of these for each 2.5MW wind turbine tostore 8 hours of
excess generation
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 32/85
Premium Price Paid - Wind In 2009 (Dec 30, 2008 to Dec 29, 2009)
assuming $135 a MWh for wind, $309,604,069would be paid to wind turbine operators,$242,589,404.61 above the the hourly OntarioElectricity Price of $67,014,664.85
On Sept 4, 2010, a good day for wind, thepremium paid to wind above spot prices wouldexceed $2,000,000 for one day based on $135.
If we had 6000 MW of turbines, the premium
would be $1.6 Billion a year, plus the taxes loston depreciation of about $4 Billion a year
This is available only when the wind is blowing,not premium power available when needed
None of this costs in storage needs
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 33/85
Need To Consider Public Risk
Ontario has had two cases of wind turbineblades falling to the ground in ~ 1200 turbineyears in service, for a failure rate of 1700 x10-6 failures per turbine year.
For other generating plants, we areconcerned if the failure rate is 1 x 10-6 failuresper operating year.
In the 2 years of 2008 and 2009 there havebeen 35 known cases of wind turbine bladesfalling in world experience, for a failure rate of 212 x 10-6 failures per turbine year
This means setback from turbines needs tobe carefully assessed to address risk
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 34/85
Blades Can Fail
Prince Wind Farm - Jan 08 Port Burwell - Apr 07
Denmark - Feb. 2008 - parts of wind turbine blades travel 500 metres from tower inturbine accident. Ontario turbines have a blade failure rate 4 x as great as seen in
European study - possibly as taller, and more severe weather.
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 35/85
Public Safety Risk - Towers Can Collapse
Oklahoma US Aug 2005GE
Japan Jan 2007Vestas
Oregon USA
Aug 2007Siemens
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 36/85
Risk Impacts on Setbacks
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 37/85
Risk of Ice Throw
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 38/85
The Issue of Public Health We hear ³ there is no scientific evidence that
noise at the levels created by wind turbinescould cause health problems other thanannoyance´ (2003, Pedersen)
We do not hear in 2007 Pedersen said ³ wind
turbine noise induced annoyance at SPLsbelow those known to be annoying for other sources of community noise « wind turbinenoise could reduce the possibilities of
psychophysical restoration and adverse effectson health and well-being can therefore not beexcluded´
2009 Pedersen said, ³ Tell them in Ontario they
are wrong´ (that there was no need for more study)
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 39/85
Wind Profile Changes at Night
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 40/85
Understanding Noise from Turbines
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 41/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 42/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 43/85
The Effect of Weighting Sound
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 44/85
The Effect of A Weighting
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 45/85
Ontario Demand 695 TWH - by Sector
37.2% of Total 29.3% of Total
15.2% 18.3%
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 46/85
Using Wind Generators Pickering NGS, on a site of 12 km2, supplied
4000 MWh per hour, (~ 30 TWh per year or 4%of Ontario¶s demand) within 50 km of users
Ontario¶s 625 wind generators tracked by IESO(rated at 1085 MW), located at preferred sites,produced 2.3 TWh in 2009. To produce 31TWh as Pickering did, would need ~ 8400turbines + storage and collection infrastructure
Enbridge has 110 turbines in 168km2, so 8400
turbines would need about 13,000 km2, or ALLof Bruce, Grey, Simcoe, and Huron Counties
The infrastructure to collect and send theenergy to users would be a further problem
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 47/85
There¶s No Free Ride
Every choice has cost and risk impacts: ± Consider impacts on environment for people near any generating source, public safety, noise, pollution
± Consider impact of substitution choices, doesfocusing generation using scarce resources like
natural gas make sense? What do we do when itruns out? Cost impacts of increasing demand?
± Are we focusing on the biggest contributors to theproblem? If Natural gas and petrochemicals have thebiggest demands, using 41% of energy each, and
have the shortest life, why does the major Ontarioinitiative focus on coal generation, when it demandsonly 13%, and has perhaps twice the reserve life?
± Why is the debate on nuclear about long term ³wastedisposal´ without consideration of ³reprocessing?´
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 48/85
Pulling the Threads Together
Our present path leads to problems, increasinggreenhouse gases, but will be worse soon as: ± Conventional fuel resources have very limited reserves -
in the order of 1 human lifetime
± Demands are increasing, largely as developing nationsuse more energy, mostly producing goods for thedeveloped world, but also providing a better life at home
± Renewable options are possible but will be very costlydue to the infrastructure to capture low grade energy and
to store received energy for use when needed - tell it all ± Why burn fossil fuels? We need them for many uses -lubricants and chemical feed stock - plastics & fertilizer
± Recycling nuclear fuel give an option of delaying somecost increases for storage options
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 49/85
The Last Word
Our actions and choices should not hurtour neighbour (all cultures share a form of ³the Golden Rule´)
³And who is my neighbour?´ the lawyer
asked Jesus - who told the story of theGood Samaritan in Luke 10, ending, ³And who do you think was neighbour to theone who fell among thieves?´ (the one
who helped the person who was hurting) Jesus concluded, ³Go then and do
likewise.´
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 50/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 51/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 52/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 53/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 54/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 55/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 56/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 57/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 58/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 59/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 60/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 61/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 62/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 63/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 64/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 65/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 66/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 67/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 68/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 69/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 70/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 71/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 72/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 73/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 74/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 75/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 76/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 77/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 78/85
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 79/85
K nown Industrial Size Turbine Failures ± Resulting in
Blades on the Ground
Jan 2008 to Dec 2009List Compiled From Public Records
Dec 2009, all 75 blades removed from 25 Gamesa 2MW turbines in Kumeyaay Wind Project due to
damage. Up to 1/3 of some blades lost to ground.Calif. USA
Dec 2009, 1.5 MW GE wind turbine in New York State(Fenner Wind Farm) collapses after loss of power.
Cause under investigation. USA. Nov 2009, 2.1 MW Suzlon wind turbine at Siif
Energies Praia Formosa development ³exploded´loosing a blade per the Journal of Energy, Brazil.
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 80/85
Nov 2009, 1.5 MW turbine at Acciona ± Aibar WindDevelopment, nacelle, blades, and top third of prototypeconcrete tower (installed in 2006) collapse, Spain.
Nov 2009, Vestas V47 turbine failure one blade lands onpath used by hikers (Falkenberg), Sweden.
Nov 2009, Wincon turbine ± defective axle causes allblades of 40 m high turbine to come loose, one hit a
power transformer (Esbjerg), Denmark. ( Since 2000 there have been 27 incidents in Denmark of
turbine blades becoming loose.) Oct 2009, Vestas V90 turbine failure, braking fails in
winds of 30 metres/sec, Sweden.
Sept 2009, blade failure, second in 15 months, 56 mturbine, Sheffield U, UK. Jul 2009, Vestas V80 turbine looses blade after lightning
strike, broken blade travels 150 metres, Germany.
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 81/85
Jun 2009, GE 1.5 MW turbine blade failure followinglightning strike, MO, USA.
May 2009, Wind turbine blade falls off and ontohighway A6, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
May 2009, turbine overspeeds and collapses, NorthPalm Springs, CA, USA.
April 2009, wind turbine failure, and collapse, CA, USA.
Mar 2009, GE 1.5 MW turbine blade failure in Illinois,USA.
Mar 2009, GE 1.5 MW turbine collapses at NobleEnvironmental site when blades spin out of control, NYState, USA.
Feb 2009, turbine collapses when under constructionas blades spin out of control, Waverly, Idaho, USA.
Jan 2009, Enercon turbine looses one 20 m blade andsecond damaged by unknown cause, UK.
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 82/85
Dec 2008, Vestas V90 turbine blade damage - piecestravel to home 490 m away, PEI, Canada.
Oct 2008, 42 m long blade breaks off turbine, Illinois,USA.
Oct 2008, turbine blade contacts tower, buckles it,collapses VT, USA.
Jun 2008, blade failure, 2 months after in service, 56 m
turbine, Sheffield U, UK. May 2008, blade failure Vestas V47 turbine, full 23 m
long blade broke off, the Netherlands . May 2009, Suzlon turbine fire, blades come off in fire.
Minn, USA. Apr 2008, 2 turbines loose 37 m long blades in storm,
Japan. Mar 2008 ± 10 metre section breaks off wind turbine
blade, flies 200 metres, Italy.
Mar 2008 Lagerway turbine collapse the
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 83/85
Mar 2008 ± Lagerway turbine collapse, theNetherlands.
Feb 2008 - Vestas turbine looses blade - travels 100
m, Denmark. Feb 2008 - (another) Vestas turbine blades contact
tower, tower collapses, blade pieces travel up to 500m, Denmark.
Feb 2008 - (another) Vestas turbine looses blade -
Sweden. Feb 2008 - blade failure Norway.
Feb 2008 - Vestas turbine looses blade, travels 40metres, Sweden.
Feb 2008 ± turbine collapse, Island of Texel, theNetherlands.
Jan 2008 ± GE 1.5 MW blade failure in winter storm -Prince Wind Farm, ON, Canada.
Jan 2008 - Vestas turbine collapses, Cumbria, UK.
References
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 84/85
References Environment Canada, National Inventory Report, 1990-2006,
Greenhouse Gas Sources and Sinks in Canada
± Website ± http://www.ec.gc.ca/ghg
Natural Resources Canada, Canada¶s Energy Outlook, TheReference Case 2006 - http://www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca/com/resoress/publications/peo/peo-eng.php
United States, Energy Information Administration, InternationalEnergy Annual 2006
± Website - http://www.eia.doe.gov/iea/overview.html
United States, Energy Information Administration, InternationalEnergy Outlook, 2009
± Website ± http://www.eia.doe.gov/oiaf/ieo/index.html
Population Growth over Human History
± http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/
human_pop/human_pop.html
R f ti d
8/8/2019 CHAT Palmer Energy and Wind[1]
http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/chat-palmer-energy-and-wind1 85/85
References - continued EarthTrends Searchable Database Provided by the World
Resources Institute http://earthtrends.wri.org
Sustainable Energy ² without the hot air, David JC MacKay, UIT
Cambridge, England, 2009 http://www.withouthotair.com
Independent Electrical System Operator of Ontario ± Wind Farm
Output
± http://www.ieso.ca/imoweb/marketdata/windPower.asp
Independent Electrical System Operator of Ontario ± OntarioElectrical Demand
± http://www.ieso.ca/imoweb/marketdata/marketSummary.asp