CHAPTER – 1

INRODUCTION

INRODUCTION

Higher Education in India

Today the world is of science, new inventions and competitions to excel over the other.

We can be proud to be a part of our great country but the world has shrunk today to a

common platform on the basis of higher education and learning. To gain the benefits of

modern society and compete with the outside world, it is necessary that youth of our

country get higher education. More and more avenues of higher education are provided to

them at affordable prices and in all locations so that all round development in personality

of the complete society takes place. Rather now it is the duty of each individual to ask for

higher studies and be broadminded.

During the last few years, universities have increased manifold to impart higher

education through various colleges all over the country. Liberal grants have been

sanctioned by University Grants Commission. Many colleges have emerged in the private

sector also to provide higher education. In different big cities and towns, massive

infrastructure of buildings has come – up which is supposed to be the centre of higher

learning.

Now –a-days, we find that there is over-crowding in the classes of higher education also.

The ratio of teachers as compared to students is very low and the teachers don’t have any

personal feelings with the students. And thus higher education is examination ridden.

Easy and shortcut methods are being adopted to achieve success. The dependence on the

examinations only is the main cause of deterioration in our education system. No real or

practical knowledge is gained by the students. There is a big gap between the practical

life and education in colleges. Going to college seems to be a place of enjoyment in

paradise for the students. However, their rosy dreams are shattered when they come out

of colleges and enter the actual life. They have to return disappointed when they search

for a service from door to door. It is due to purely technical education given to them.

The system of imparting higher education should be such that after completing education

in college, the youth should not be dependent solely on service, but must be able to start

some independent small scale industry or business on his own. Vocationalisation of

education is the need of the hour. More and more technical and vocational institutions

need to be started where training modules in practical aspects of career must be

compulsory. Every effort should be made to inspire the students with noble and

innovative ideas. It should be compulsory for students to appear in psychological tests.

This will enable the students to choose subjects and careers of their own choice. In this

way, the students can plan their careers from the very beginning. Just after their

schooling, they would be able to decide the career which they wish or are interested in

pursuing.

For more success in higher education, it is required that instead of lengthy examinations

at a stretch, the due importance should be given to intelligence tests, personal interview

and class room works at regular intervals. The development of clean character towards

prosperity of nation is another important aim of higher education. A great stress needs to

be given for establishing good libraries in our colleges and universities. Students should

be encouraged to make free use of them under the able guidance of teachers free of cost.

More discussions and arguments on varied topics can impart more knowledge and

information than more lecturing and completing the course. Equally important are the

laboratories with latest equipments and items. To test the learning of books, students need

to have good laboratories. An experiment is an unending quest of learning and knowledge

on a permanent basis. The institutions providing higher education should be made

temples of the modern age.

What is Education?

Education is the knowledge or skills developed by the learning process and instruction.

That means education has been here since the early cave men that walk the earth,

millions of years ago because they learned how to hunt, gather, and develop a kind of

communication.

Why college education is important to us?College education essentially is the key to success in the future. It opens many doors of

opportunity and allows us to explore every option available.  College education can

provide a student with many more new and exciting opportunities that they never would

have had if they drop out at high school. College education is important because you need

a degree in order to get a good job or a stable career. I’d like to talk of some of the

benefits that furthering your education can provide, and as well as the joy it can bring to

each and every one of us.

A good education can be your way into a prosperous career. Many employers require

people to fulfill certain educational requirements before they will consider hiring them.

And in certain jobs, it’s a necessity to continue professional training and education in

order to progress through your career. When holding a college diploma, the horizon

broadens. Even with today’s gloomy job market, you are more likely to find a good

position with a company than a high school graduate. “Higher education is perceived as

extremely important, and for most people a college education has become the necessary

admission ticket to good jobs”.

Essentials of College Education A college education is necessary in today's world. Education has been around for

thousands of years and college education is one of the most important of them all.

College education will prepare one with the understanding to be able to deal in today's

problems, obstacles, and jobs. With the knowledge at the college level one will have

more potential to find a better job and with a higher salary. Even though some people

think college education is not essential; businesses, organizations, companies,and

professionals in today's world demand it for the competitiveness and problems in today's

economy. As environment gradually grew into civilization, people started to have many

questions about nature, the earth, and life. So, they turned to a higher level of education,

back then it was probably religion. Hence, the people relied on priests for answers. While

time passed by, people realize that they could now find the answers to their questions

from knowledge learned from education. For this reason, a school system was developed

to teach the people. As more questions got complicated the everyday person was then

expected to at least have an elementary education, and then a high school education. As

the world got more competitive, more businesses arose, cities develop, and more

advanced technologies born; a college education was necessary to survive in today's

environment and economy.College education will prepare the individual to be ready in

today's competitive economy. College education will teach a person how to self-solve

difficult problems through exercises in physics, mathematics, chemistry, English, history,

and even business for example. From those exercises in the fields of study available at a

college or university, experience of problem solving skills and analyzing problems is

gained towards the individual. In addition, professors and teachers at college level are

present to help the individual acquire more knowledge and experience from them to

answers important questions they have. All these skills gained from college education are

good preparation for the real world's economy.For example, a man goes out into the

world with a college education and learned his analyzing skills with deep understanding

of concepts, and a man who goes out into the world with only a high school education

and maybe learned that college education is a waste of time and his own knowledge is

good enough. The high school graduated probably has just the basic concepts learn from

high school classes. When both of these men stumbled across real life situations like

deciding on what type of job to look for in the working industry, which involve making

decisions that will be there lives. Of course, the high school graduate will search for

laboring jobs and maybe some simple office work because these kinds of jobs don't

require a high profile. The college graduate would search for jobs that require higher

profiles like management, engineering, analysis, and consulting because he satisfies the

knowledge to be the instructor or manager from the experience and understanding he

gained from college. So college education is an important essential in everyday life. In

order to be able to analyze and solve difficult problems in the real world you must have a

deeper understanding given in college education. With a higher education from college a

person has a better potential in getting a better job with a higher salary. Today's

businesses, companies, and organizations have higher standards for recruiting employees

to work for their goals and concerns. Businesses and companies prefer and require a

college education because it is a reliable reference that the person they are hiring is

capable of solving company problems and achieve business goals.

COLLEGE A college is an educational institution or a constituent part of one. Usage of the word

college varies in English-speaking nations. A college may be a degree-awarding tertiary

educational institution, an institution within a university, an institution offering

vocational education, or a secondary school.

In the commonwealth nations, "college" may refer to a secondary or high school, a

college of further education, a training institution that awards trade qualifications, or a

constituent part of a university.

A college is a collection, body, or society of persons engaged in common pursuits, or

having common duties and interests, and sometimes, by charter, peculiar rights and

privileges; as, a college of heralds; a college of electors; a college of bishops.

A society of scholars or friends of learning, incorporated for study or instruction, esp. in

the higher branches of knowledge; as, the colleges of Oxford and Cambridge

Universities, and many American colleges.

TYPES OF COLLEGESOnline Colleges - There are a number of online colleges today. You receive your

degree by completing the online classes. A lot of the time with tests then you have to go

to a testing center to check in and show proof of identity in order to take the tests.

Universities - These are the colleges that have the sports, dorm rooms, competitive

teams to be able to join, ect.... The are the colleges that you hear of everyone talking

about their "College Days".

Liberal Arts Colleges - Classes are smaller and more likely for personal attention.

Mainly the types of degrees offered at these colleges are humanities, social sciences, and

sciences.

Community or Junior Colleges- Usually offer an Associate degree or certificates

and gets you ready for the entry into the field of your study. Personal attention is very

likely at these types of colleges.

Upper-Division Schools - Offers the last two more specialized classes for the

Bachelor degree the student is seeking. Students transfer in to these colleges after

completion of an Associates Degree at a Community or Junior College or the second year

at a University.

Agricultural, Technical, and Specialized Colleges - If you have made up your

mind exactly what you are going to pursue then there may be a specialized College for

that field. An example would be a Radiologist or nurse.

Public or Private - The main difference is where the college receives its funding.

Public gets a lot of funding from the state whereas private gets its funding from tuition

and fees. The accredidation of the schools are also different so make sure you understand

which accreditation the school has and what it means.

Special Interests Colleges - Some examples are: Same Sex, Religiously Affiliated

Colleges, Historically Black Colleges, Hispanic-Serving Colleges.

GROWTH OF INSTITUTIONS, FACULTY AND

INFRASTRUCTUREEnrolment at primary, secondary and higher levels in India is increasing constantly.

Accordingly, to accommodate increasing number of students at all levels it is

indispensable to have more educational institutes. Both public and private agencies

manage educational institutes. However, the government agencies manage more

institution than private agencies. There has been a structural change in education sector

after allowing private partnership, at higher levels in particular. This has led to private

investment not only in school education but also in tertiary education. Consequently

several private universities and colleges are opening in general education, engineering

and medical education. Despite these changes the Government and local bodies still

organize more than 90% of primary schools whereas the contribution of private agencies

was about 9.79% in 2004-05. In the case of Secondary/Senior Secondary level education

the growth of institutes under different management bodies has also increased

continuously. Since 1973-74, percentage of Government Secondary/Senior Secondary

schools has increased from 26.5% to 33.1% in 2004-05. It is apparent from Figure 2 that

the number of institutes increased very fast after 1990-91. It may be due to the new

economic and education policy, which allows private partners in the education field. The

major growth took place in general education and professional education, which is

around 28 and 15 times respectively. Similarly, universities have also registered

significant growth. It is important to note that since 2001-02, number of

Universities/Deemed Universities has increased more rapidly as compared to other

educational institutions. In higher education, colleges for general education increased by

1.3 times while Universities increased by 1.5 times. For higher education there were 407

universities including deemed universities and institutes of national importance.

WHAT IS A COLLEGE FOR? A Pew Research survey this year found that 74 percent of graduates from four-year

colleges say that their education was “very useful in helping them grow intellectually.”

Sixty-nine percent said that “it was very useful in helping them grow and mature as a

person” and 55 percent claimed that “it was very useful in helping prepare them for a job

or career.”  Moreover, 86 percent of these graduates think “college has been a good

investment for them personally.”

But, as Grafton’s discussion also makes clear, there are serious concerns about the quality

of this experience.  In particular, the university curriculum leaves students disengaged

from the material they are supposed to be learning.  They see most of their courses as

intrinsically “boring,” of value only if they provide training relevant to future

employment or if the teacher has a pleasing (amusing, exciting, “relevant”) way of

presenting the material. As a result, students spend only as much time as they need to get

what they see as acceptable grades (on average, about 12 to 14 hour a week for all

courses combined).  Professors have ceased to expect genuine engagement from students

and often give good grades (B or better) to work that is at best minimally adequate.

This lack of academic engagement is real, even among schools with the best students and

the best teachers, and it increases dramatically as the quality of the school decreases.  But

it results from a basic misunderstanding — by both students and teachers — of what

colleges are for.

First of all, they are not simply for the education of students.  This is an essential

function, but the raison d’être of a college is to nourish a world of intellectual culture;

that is, a world of ideas, dedicated to what we can know scientifically, understand

humanistically, or express artistically.  In our society, this world is mainly populated by

members of college faculties: scientists, humanists, social scientists (who straddle the

humanities and the sciences properly speaking), and those who study the fine arts. Law,

medicine and engineering are included to the extent that they are still understood as

“learned professions,” deploying practical skills that are nonetheless deeply rooted in

scientific knowledge or humanistic understanding.  When, as is often the case in business

education and teacher training, practical skills far outweigh theoretical understanding, we

are moving beyond the intellectual culture that defines higher education.

Our support for higher education makes sense only if we regard this intellectual culture as

essential to our society.  Otherwise, we could provide job-training and basic social and

moral formation for young adults far more efficiently and cheaply, through, say, a

combination of professional and trade schools, and public service programs.  There

would be no need to support, at great expense, the highly specialized interests of, for

example, physicists, philosophers, anthropologists and art historians.  Colleges and

universities have no point if we do not value the knowledge and understanding to which

their faculties are dedicated.

This has important consequences for how we regard what goes on in college classrooms. 

Teachers need to see themselves as, first of all, intellectuals, dedicated to understanding

poetry, history, human psychology, physics, biology — or whatever is the focus of their

discipline.  But they also need to realize that this dedication expresses not just their

idiosyncratic interest in certain questions but a conviction that those questions have

general human significance, even apart from immediately practical applications.  This is

why a discipline requires not just research but also teaching.  Non-experts need access to

what experts have learned, and experts need to make sure that their research remains in

contact with general human concerns. The classroom is the primary locus of such contact.

Students, in turn, need to recognize that their college education is above all a matter of

opening themselves up to new dimensions of knowledge and understanding.  Teaching is

not a matter of (as we too often say) “making a subject (poetry, physics, philosophy)

interesting” to students but of students coming to see how such subjects are intrinsically

interesting.  It is more a matter of students moving beyond their interests than of teachers

fitting their subjects to interests that students already have.   Good teaching does not

make a course’s subject more interesting; it gives the students more interests — and so

makes them more interesting.

Students readily accept the alleged wisdom that their most important learning at college

takes place outside the classroom.  Many faculty members — thinking of their labs,

libraries or studies — would agree.  But the truth is that, for both students and faculty

members, the classroom is precisely where the most important learning occurs.

VIEW OF LUDHIANA COLLEGES

There are many more colleges in Ludhiana city which provide higher education to the

youth generation of the country. Some of them are Girls College, some are Boys College

and some of them are Co-education College.

NAME OF LUDHIANA COLLEGES ADDRESSArya College Civil lines

Guru Nanak Girls College Model town

Guru Nanak Khalsa College for Women Gujarkhan Campus, Model Town

Devki Devi Jain College for Women Kidawi nagar

Master Tara Singh College for Women Old sabzi mandi

Government College for Women Bharat Nagar Chowk

Kamla Lohtia Sanatan Dharam College Subhash Nagar, Daresi road, P.B. No. 245

Khalsa College for Women Ghumar Mandi

Ramgarhia Girls College G TRoad , Miller Ganj

SCD Govt. College College Road, Civil Lines

SDP College for Women Daresi road

There we have give detail information about those colleges which we have taken in ours

survey.

GURU NANAK GIRLS COLLEGE (MODEL TOWN)At Guru Nanak Girls College, the striving is to imbibe the teaching/ learning process with

a unique blend of intellectual rigour and ethical engagement. It was indeed a blessed day

in the history of academic development in the region when in 1970, this college saw its

genesis. The propellant force behind this noble Endeavour was an erstwhile

philanthropist with a prophetic vision late Justice Gurnam Singh, the former Chief

Minister of Punjab. A prominent revolutionary in the field of education and politics, he

was capable of translating dreams into reality envisaged utopian future in which

education was not elusive to the girl child. Today, the legacy is nourished by the valued

tutelage of his son S. Gurbir Singh, President, Guru Nanak Education Trust. It is owing to

his unbridled enthusiasm and his singular achievement as the patron of this institution

that the college today has gained international repute. Allied to his sincere efforts is the

quintessential and dynamic mentorship of its Principal, Dr.[Mrs.] Charanjit Mahal. A

woman of substance, she has been the catalytic force behind the awe-inspiring progress

of the institution. Her keen perception of matters relating to academic challenges,

indefatigable dedication and goal oriented approach has helped the college attain the

heights of glory it revels in today.

Backing her sincere efforts is the highly qualified and accomplished staff who partakes in

her sense of devotion and responsibility. They are well aware of their twin-role as the

artisans of character and fountain head of immense wisdom. This integrated team

comprising of dynamic leadership and diligent work force has pillared the phenomenal

success of this institution.

At Guru Nanak Girls College, there core belief is in a holistic vision that never discounts

the past, but at the same time embraces the future with unwavering confidence in the

ability to shape it and to harness its possibilities. They are committed to nurturing and

creating women who are equipped to become world citizens who take pride in their

heritage and also have a cosmopolitan understanding of the world.

GURU NANAK KHALSA COLLEGE FOR WOMEN

(GUJARKHAN CAMPUS, MODEL TOWN)This Premier Post Graduate Institute popularly known as GNW, Guru Nanak Khalsa

College for Women, Model Town, Ludhiana endeavours to cater to the needs of the most

vital section of the society- the women folk. Established in the year 1969, in

commemoration of the 500th birth anniversary of Guru Nanak Dev ji, it has emerged as

one of the leading institutions of higher education for various academic and co-curricular

activities. This college is affiliated with Panjab University, Chandigarh for Degree

and Post Graduate classes in MA (Eng.), M.Com., PGDCA and PGDMC. It imparts

education in the streams of Humanities, Commerce, Business Administration (BBA),

Computer Application (BCA), Honours in English, Punjabi and Commerce upto

Graduation level, Add-on Courses such as Functional English/Communicative English

and Fashion Designing.

Situated in the posh locality of Model Town, its campus provides best facilities to the

students. Its magnificent building, comprehensive infrastructure, state of the art Library,

Hostel within the campus and Home Science, Fine Arts and Computer Labs alongwith an

effective Placement Cell, offer an oasis of Learning and Opportunities galore for the

students of 21st Century. Accredited by NAAC with B++, the college takes pride in

inculcating the spirit of education, self-confidence and progressive thinking. Keeping

pace with the educational, technological and global concept of quality and excellence, the

GNW fraternity tries to put in its best efforts to realise its mission of ‘Value based, Job

oriented Education’.

CHAPTER - 2

REVIEW OF

LITERATURE

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Meaning

A literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current

knowledge including substantive findings as well as theoretical and methodological

contributions to a particular topic. Literature reviews are secondary sources, and as such,

do not report any new or original experimental work. Also, a literature review can be

interpreted as a review of an abstract accomplishment.

Most often associated with academic-oriented literature, such as a thesis, a literature

review usually precedes a research proposal and results section. Its main goal is to situate

the current study within the body of literature and to provide context for the particular

reader.

Struyyun et. al. (2002)states that Learning, from a constructivist point of view, is

seen as a constructive act of the learner. Along with the changes in learning theory,

several instructional innovations and alternative assessment methods found their ways

into educational practice. But are these innovations as successful as they promise to be?

In this review, the characteristics and impact of assessment are examined from the

student's point of view. Research findings suggest that students' perceptions about

assessment, have considerable influences on students' approaches to learning. But also

vice versa, students' approaches influence the ways in which students perceive

assessment. Furthermore, it was found that students hold strong views about different

formats and methods of assessment. For example, within conventional assessment,

multiple choice format exams are seen as favourable assessment methods in comparison

to essay type questions. But when conventional assessment and alternative assessment

methods are compared, students perceive alternative assessment as being more 'fair' than

the traditional 'normal' assessment methods.

Wen M, & Tsai C., (2006) surveyed that use of peer assessment (PA) as an

alternative form of evaluation method is reported to be helpful in learning and is

increasingly being adopted in higher education settings. Through collecting data from

280 university students in Taiwan, a 20-item instrument was developed to investigate

university students’ attitudes toward and perceptions of PA and online PA. Four

subscales, Positive Attitudes, Online Attitudes, Understanding-and-Action, and Negative

Attitudes, were extracted and reliabilities were calculated. Results revealed that

participating students held positive attitudes toward the use of PA activities, but they

viewed online PA as a technical tool to facilitate assessment processes, rather than as a

learning aid. Male students had more positive attitudes toward PA than females did, and

students with previous PA experiences had less negative attitudes toward PA. A majority

of these students suggested that the PA score should be counted as a small part of the

total course grade and there was an effect of the perceived importance of PA score on

students’ attitudes toward these four subscales.

Ojo David andOlakulehin Flex (2006)investigates thatwest African Region of

Africa, the National Open University of Nigeria (NOUN) is the first full fledged

university that operates in an exclusively open and distance learning (ODL) mode of

education. NOUN focuses mainly on open and distance teaching and learning system,

and delivers its courses materials via print in conjunction with information and

communication technology (ICT), when applicable. This ‘single mode’ of open education

is different from the integration of distance learning system into the face- to- face

teaching and learning system, which is more typical of conventional Universities in

Nigeria and other parts of the world. Thus, NOUN reflects a novel development in the

provision of higher education in Nigeria. This study assesses the attitudes and perceptions

of distance teaching and learning by students enrolled in the NOUN and of the National

Teachers’ Institute (NTI) compared to their experiences at conventional universities. One

hundred and twenty (n = 120) randomly selected NOUN and NTI students of NOUN

were the subjects of the study. The Students’ Attitude and Perception Rating of Open and

Distance Learning Institutions Inventory (SAPRODLII), developed by the researchers,

was administered to the subjects to measure their attitudes and experiences. Results of the

study showed that students generally have a positive perception and attitude towards

ODL, compared to traditional forms of higher education.

Bauerlein M., (2010) states that value of college education reveals all secrets that

how college education can completely revolutionize a person’s life.

Xu Hongjiang (2011)reviewed that global, competitive business environment, issues

of globalization of education should not be overlooked. With study abroad programs for

students and the internationalization of faculty, perceptions of students toward higher

educational, particularly aspects of teaching and learning, from various cultural

backgrounds will strongly influence educational systems. This research presents a

comparative study, US versus China, of students’ perceptions toward higher education.

CHAPTER - 3

RESEARCH

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research in common parlance refers to search for knowledge. Research is scientific and

systematic search for pertinent information on specific topic. Research can be a

movement from the known to unknown.

In short the search for knowledge trough objective and systematic method of finding

solution to a problem in research.

The research was conducted on 50 students who doing the graduate and post graduate.

Deliberate effort was made not only to make the student feel that he was interviewed or

just a part of survey. The time was spent for informal chat with the students and indeed

information was dug out during the same.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY To study the rank given to different facilities for selecting a particular course in an

educational institution.

To study the availability of the infrastructure facilities in educational institutions of

Ludhiana region.

To study the relationship between course stream of students and Quality of education

provided by their college.

To study the relationship between course level of students and changes required by the

students in their college.

To study the student’s perception towards quality of education provided by institute.

RESEARCH DESIGNDescriptive research is used to obtain information concerning the current status of

phenomena to describe, “What Exists” with respect to variables or conditions in a

situation. The methods involved range from a survey, which describes the status quo, the

correlation study that investigates the relationship between variables, to developmental

studies, which seek to determine changes over time. The next step after filtering out the

major reasons by making use of descriptive research was to make use of casual research

to establish the cause and effect relationship among the various variables.

DATA COLLECTION METHODSBasically two types of methods viz. Primary and Secondary are to be used for collecting

the data for our survey.

Primary Data:Primary data consists of original first hand information collected specially for the purpose

of study. Data is collected by researcher himself, using methods as direct observation,

student surveys, personal interviews, etc. It is the most reliable form of data collection. In

this type of information person could himself collect data by personal interview, or

questionnaires.

Secondary Data:Secondary data on the other hand, is collected from external sources such as internet,

journals, newspapers, reviews, research articles, etc. In words of Catherine Dawson

(2002) Secondary data can be expressed as set of information which other researchers

have already collected relating to the subject. The secondary data for this particular study

were collected through internet, marketing journals and educational institution’s manuals.

Secondary data is comparatively cheaper and easier to obtain than primary data. The

problem is that often the reliability, accuracy and integrity of the data is uncertain,

whereas primary data is expensive and difficult to acquire but it is trustworthy.

In this project both primary and secondary data has been used. Primary data was

collected through questionnaire and personal interview. Secondary data was collected

through the selected colleges (Guru Nanak Girls College, Guru Nanak Khalsa College for

Women, Arya College, Ramgarhia Girls College), marketing books, websites &

literature.

SAMPLE DESIGNA sample design is a design plan for obtaining a sample from a given population from a

given population. Sampling frame includes the people of Ludhiana Town. The sample

size of 50 respondents is from different part of the town

SAMPLE SIZEThis refers to the number of items to be selected from the universe to constitute a sample.

In this project 50 students have been selected for the study. So the sample size is 50.

SAMPLING TECHNIQUE A sample design is a finite plan for obtaining a sample from a given population. Simple

Random and convenient sampling techniques are used for this study.

PERIOD OF THE STUDY The research was conducted during the month of May and June 2012.

ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATIONThe data collected has been presented through tabulation, graph and pie charts and was

analysed by percentage method, weighted average & chi square test. Interpretation of

collected and analyzed data has been done through presentation in the form of

appropriate figures.

.

CHAPTER – 4

DATA ANALYSIS

&

INTERPRETATION

TABLE NO. 1

SHOWING THE COURSE STREAM

STREAMS NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Commerce & Management 15 30%

Computer 8 16%

Science 2 4%

Arts 18 36%

Other 7 14%

Total 50 100%

Figure No.2

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that 36% students prefer arts stream rather than other stream,

while 30% prefer commerce & management, 16% prefer computer, 14% prefer other

streams and remaining 4% students prefer science stream.

TABLE NO. 3

SHOWING THE COURSE LEVEL

COURSE LEVEL NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Bachelor 38 76%

Master 12 24%

Total 50 100%

Figure No.3

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that 76% students are doing graduates and remaining 24%

students are doing post graduates.

TABLE NO. 4

SHOWING THE RANKING OF FACILITIES FOR TAKING

ADMISSION IN A EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

RankFacilities

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total Weighted Average

Rank

Weighted Average (7) (6) (5) (4) (3) (2) (1)

Infrastructural Facilities 0 12 8 10 11 3 6 197 7.03 4Education 35 9 4 1 0 0 0 323 11.53 1Co – Curricular Activities 2 0 5 3 11 9 20 122 4.35 7Sports Activities 4 4 3 4 5 15 5 133 4.75 6Placement 2 3 11 7 10 11 6 173 6.17 5Reputation/Goodwill 6 9 10 18 4 2 1 241 8.60 2Fee Structure 1 13 9 7 8 10 2 204 7.28 3

Figure no. 4

Interpretation

Education plays a main role in student’s life. Education is the first preference of students

while choosing a particular institute rather than other facilities i.e. reason they given 1st

rank to Education facilities, 2nd rank given to Reputation/Goodwill of the institute, 3 rd

rank to fee structure, 4th to infrastructural facilities, 5th to Job placement of the institute,

6th to sports activities and least 7th rank given by students to co-curricular activities.

TABLE NO. 5

SHOWING THE STUDENTS ASSOCIATION WITH COLLEGE

OPTIONS NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Less than 1 year 0 0%

1 year 19 38%

2 year 15 30%

3 – 5 year 16 32%

More than 5 year 0 0%

Total 50 100%

Figure No.5

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that 38% students are associates with college since 1 years,

whereas 32% associates with 3 – 5 years and least 30% students are associates with

college since 2 years.

TABLE NO. 6

SHOWING THE RATING OF SERVICES/FACILITIES IN COLLEGE

Facilities/Services Excellent Good Fair Poor Very

Poor

Campus 18 36% 31 62% 1 2% 0 0% 0 0%

Campus security service 13 26% 29 58% 4 8% 4 8% 0 0%

Classrooms 16 32/% 23 46% 9 18% 2 4% 0 0%

Labs 14 28% 24 48% 10 20% 2 4% 0 0%

Quality of technical

resources

11 22/% 20 40% 17 34% 0 0% 2 4%

Availability of Technical

Resources

7 14% 27 54% 12 24% 4 8% 0 0%

Library 31 62% 18 36% 1 2% 0 0% 0 0%

Parking facility 24 48% 20 40% 5 10% 1 2% 0 0%

Public transportation 6 12% 29 58% 15 30% 0 0% 0 0%

Food Services 10 20% 24 48% 16 32% 0 0% 0 0%

Arts and Entertainment

facilities

9 18/% 24 48% 16 32% 1 2% 0 0%

Medical facilities 6 12% 18 36% 20 40% 5 10% 1 2%

Figure No. 6

Interpretation

Campus

The above chart reveals that 62% students rated good to their campus, whereas 36% rate

excellent and remaining 2% students rated fair to their campus.

Campus Security service

The above chart reveals that 58% students rated good to their campus security service,

whereas 26% rated excellent, 8% rated fair and least 8% students rated poor to their

campus security services.

Classrooms

The above chart reveals that 46% students rated good to the classrooms of their college,

while 32% rated excellent, 18% rated fair and rest 4% students rated poor to the

classrooms.

Labs

The above chart reveals that 48% students rated good to the Labs of college, while 28%

rated excellent, 20% rated fair and rest 4% students rated poor to the Labs.

Quality of Technical Resources

The above chart reveals that 40% students rated good to the Quality of technical

resources, while 34% rated fair, 22% rated excellent and least 4% students rated very

poor to the quality of technical resources.

Availability of Technical Resources

The above chart reveals that 54% students rated good to the availability of technical

resources, while 24% rated fair, 14% rated excellent and only 8% students rated poor to

the availability of technical resources.

Library

The above chart reveals that 62% students rated excellent to the Library of college,

whereas 36% rated good and only 2% students rated fair to the library.

Parking facility

The above chart reveals that 48% students rated excellent to the parking facility of

college, whereas 40% rated good, 10% rated fair and only 2% students rated poor to the

parking facility.

Public Transportation

The above chart reveals that 58% students rated good to the Public transportation,

whereas 30% rated fair and only 12% students rated excellent to the Public

transportation.

Food Services

The above chart reveals that 48% students rated good to the food services of the college,

while 32% rated fair and only 20% students rated excellent to the food services of the

college.

Arts and Entertainment facilities

The above chart reveals that 48% students rated good to the arts & entertainment

facilities of the college, while 32% rated fair, 18% rates excellent and only 2% students

rated poor to the arts & entertainment facilities of the college.

Medical Facilities

The above chart reveals that 40% students rated fair to the medical facilities of the

college, while 36% rated good, 12% rated excellent, 10% rated poor and only 2%

students rated very poor to the medical facilities.

TABLE NO. 7

SHOWING THE RATING OF ASPECTS OF EDUCATION

EXPERIENCE IN COLLEGEEducational Facilities Excellent Good Fair Poor Very

PoorCareer Counseling 8 16% 35 70% 7 14% 0 0% 0 0

%Quality of Teaching Faculty

23 46% 23 46% 3 6% 1 2% 0 0%

Accessibility of Teaching faculty

23 46/% 21 42% 6 12% 0 0% 0 0%

Academic advice 16 32% 24 48% 9 18% 1 2% 0 0%

Course Selection 13 26/% 31 62% 6 12% 1 2% 0 0%

Course Availability 14 28% 29 58% 6 12% 1 2% 0 0%

Academic level of the course

8 16% 28 56% 14 28% 0 0% 0 0%

Participation of students in Seminars and conferences

15 30% 27 54% 7 14% 1 2% 0 0%

Figure No. 7

Interpretation

Career Counseling

The above chart reveals that 70% students rated good to career counseling in their

college, whereas 16% rate excellent and remaining 14% students rated fair to career

counseling.

Quality of Teaching Faculty

The above chart reveals that 46% students rated excellent to Quality of teaching faculty,

whereas 46% rated excellent, 6% rated fair and least 2% students rated fair to Quality of

teaching faculty.

Accessibility of Teaching Faculty

The above chart reveals that 46% students rated excellent to accessibility of teaching

faculty, whereas 42% rated to good and least 12% students rated fair to accessibility of

teaching faculty.

Academic Advice

The above chart reveals that 48% students rated excellent to the academic advice, while

32% rated good, 18% fair and rest 2% students rated fair to the academic advice.

Course selection

The above chart reveals that 62% students rated good to the course selection, while 26%

rated excellent and rest 12% students rated fair to the course selection.

Course availability

The above chart reveals that 58% students rated good to the course availability, while

28% rated excellent, 12% rated fair and least 2% students rated poor to the course

availability.

Academic level of the course

The above chart reveals that 56% students rated good to the academic level of course,

while 28% rated fair and only 16% students rated excellent to the availability of technical

resources.

Participation of students in Seminars and Conferences

The above chart reveals that 54% students rated good to participation of students in

seminars and conference, whereas 30% rated excellent, 14% rates to fair and only 2%

students rated poor to the participation of students in seminars and conference.

TABLE NO. 8

SHOWING THE QUALITY OF EDUCATION PROVIDED BY

COLLEGE

OPTIONS NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Outstanding 6 12%

Excellent 29 58%

Good 13 26%

Average 2 4%

Poor 0 0%

Total 50 100%

Figure No.8

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that 58% students states that Excellent quality of education

provided by college, while 26% describe as good, 12% describes as outstanding and

remaining 6% students describes average quality of education provided by their college.

TABLE NO. 9

SHOWING THE COLLEGE PROVIDED ENOUGH EXPOSURE TO

THE STUDENTSOPTIONS NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Yes, all stream are provided with

ample exposures

17 34%

Depends on the stream 24 48%

No exposure for any of the stream 9 18%

Total 50 100%

Figure No. 9

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that 48% students replied that college provide exposures for

different streams, whereas 34% replied for all streams and remaining 18% students

replied that no exposures for any of the stream.

TABLE NO. 10

SHOWING THE AREAS OF STUDENTS DEVELOPMENT IN THE

COLLEGEStatement Strongly

Agree Agree Neutral Disagree Strongly

DisagreeTotal Score

Weighted Average

Platform for overall personality development is available

20 23 4 3 0 210 14.00

Educational visits are organized regularly

19 13 14 4 0 198 13.20

The college pays considerable attention to students moral development

11 24 12 3 0 193 12.86

College emphasis on developing intellectual and creative qualities

16 28 6 0 0 210 14.00

Figure No. 10

Interpretation

Platform for overall personality development is available and College emphases on the

development of intellectual and creative qualities are areas of student’s development in

their college.

TABLE NO. 11

SHOWING THE CHANGES REQUIRED IN COLLEGEOPTIONS NUMBER OF

RESPONDENTS

PERCENTAGE

Introduction of computer enabled learning 5 10%

New experience and activities for students 10 20%

Promotion of problem solving process 4 8%

New channel for student teacher interaction 11 22%

A new grading system 10 20%

Research 10 20%

Total 50 100%

Figure No. 11

INTERPRETATION

The above chart reveals that Majority of students want in new channel for student –

teacher interaction i.e. 22%, while 20% required new experience and activities for

students, 20% required a new grading system, 20% required research, 10% required

computer enabled learning and remaining 8% student want to change in promotion of

problem solving process.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COURSE STREAM AND QUALITY

OF EDUCATIONCOURSE STREAM

Quality of

Education

Commerce

& Mgt.

Computer Science Arts Other Total

Outstanding 3 1 1 1 0 6

Excellent 7 3 1 16 2 29

Good 4 3 0 1 5 13

Average 1 1 0 0 0 2

Poor 0 0 0 0 0 0

15 8 2 18 7 50

INTERPRETATION

The calculated value of χ2is less than the table value. The hypothesis is accepted. Hence

there is a relationship between course stream and Quality of education.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COURSE LEVEL AND CHANGES

REQUIRED IN COLLEGECourse Level

Changes Required in college Bachelor Master Total

Introduction of computer enabled learning 4 1 5

New experience and activities for students 5 5 10

Promotion of problem solving process 4 0 4

New channel for student teacher interaction 8 4 12

A new grading system 7 1 8

Research 10 1 11

Total 38 12 50

INTERPRETATION

The calculated value of χ2is less than the table value. The hypothesis is accepted. Hence

there is a relationship between course level and changes required in college.

CHAPTER –5

FINDINGS

&

LIMITATIONS

FINDINGS Education is the first preference of students while choosing a particular institute rather

than other facilities and least 7th rank given by students to co-curricular activities.

Majority of students rated good and excellent to their Campus, Campus security service,

Classrooms, Labs, Quality of technical resource, availability of technical resources,

Library, parking facility, Public transportation, Food services, Arts & Entertainment

facilities, Medical facilities etc.

Majority of students have good and excellent experience with career counseling, quality

of teaching faculty, accessibility of teaching faculty, academic advice, course selection,

course availability, academic level of course and participation of them in seminars and

conference.

Platform for overall personality development is available and College emphases on

development of intellectual and creative qualities are areas of student’s development in

their college.

Most of the studentsstate that college provides exposures for different streams.

Majority of students want to change in new channel for student –teacher interaction.

LIMITATIONS

There are following constraints of the study which can be explained as:-

The time of research was short due to which many facts have been left untouched.

The area undertaken in research is Ludhiana only. But to do a complete research a wide

area is required, so the area is also a constraint of the study.

Sample for the study has been taken is of only 50 students, which is also constraint in the

study.

While collecting the data some of the respondents are not willing to fill the questionnaire,

so they might not fill their true response. This can also be a constraint of the study.

CHAPTER –6

SUGGESTIONS

&

CONCLUSION

SUGGESTIONS

There is a need for the organizations to give more practical and industrial

exposure to the students.

The college must organize some more personality development

programs and activities for the students.

The college should adopt the modern channels i.e., online

communication system, for better communication among the teacher and

students.

The college should improve the infrastructure facilities such as. Quality

of technical resources, Arts and entertainment and Medical facilities.

There is a need of improvement in extra co-curricular activities, so that

the students may develop more interests in them along with academics.

CONCLUSION

Education is the knowledge or skills developed by the learning process and instruction.

That means education has been here since the early cave men that walk the earth, millions

of years ago because they learned how to hunt, gather, and develop a kind of

communication.

Student’s perception towards educational institutions are explored. The results of factor

analysis techniques showed the Education is the most important factor followed by

Reputation/Goodwill, Placement, Infrastructure, Extra Curricular activities, Educational

material, and College environment. These factors contribute to the positive perception of

students towards the college management.

On the other hand, Students have best response to education factors in the college. The

inspiring ability and teaching enthusiasm of teacher’s satisfy students more than the

arrangement of guest lecturers in the college. Students are satisfied with emphasis and

encouragement of colleges for sports activities and sports material provided by college.

Students are not satisfied with availability of platform for the overall personality

development and educational/industrial visits by the college. Therefore, management

authorities should give utmost attention to these activities.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

BIBLIOGRAPHY C.R. Kothari, Research Methodology, New Delhi, New Age Publishers, (2006)

Dr. D.d.Sharma, Marketing Research, New Delhi, Sultan Chand &Sons, (2005).

http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/110283.html

http://www.antiessays.com/free-essays/49139.html

http://www.bettereducation.info/articles/10613/Importance-of-a-College-Degree

http://currentessays.blogspot.in/2008/08/higher-education-in-india-its-drawbacks.html

http://www.non-plagiarized-termpapers.com/blog/term-paper-on-the-value-of-college-

education/

ANNEXURE

Questionnaire

A Survey on ‘Student’s views regarding their educational institutions’

(A case study of Ludhiana Colleges)

Note: The data will be used only for academic purposes; no part of it will be used for legal

purpose. I expect your support and co-operation.

General Information

Name___________________________________________________________

College Name____________________________________________________

Course Stream: Commerce/Mgt. Computer

Science Arts

Other

Course level: Bachelor Master

Specific Information

1) How would you rank the following facilities for taking admission in a particular educational

institution?

(a) Infrastructural facilities (b) Education

(c) Co-curricular activities (d) Sports activities

(e) Placement (f) Reputation/Goodwill

(g) Fee structure

2) How long have you been associated with your college?

(a) Less than 1 year (b) 1 year

(c) 2 year (d) 3-5 year

(e) More than 5 year

3) How would you rate the following services/ facilities in your college?

Sr. no Infrastructure Facilities Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor

I. Campus

II. Campus Security Service

III. Classrooms

IV. Labs

V. Quality of Technical Resources

VI. Availability of Technical

Resources

VII. Library

VIII. Parking Facilities

IX. Public Transportation

X. Food Services

XI. Arts and Entertainment

Facilities

XII. Medical Facilities

4) How would you rate the following aspects of your education experience in your college?

Sr. No Educational Facilities Excellent Good Fair Poor Very Poor

I. Career Counseling

II. Quality of Teaching Faculty

III. Accessibility of Teaching

Faculty

IV. Academic Advice

V. Course Selection

VI. Course Availability

VII. Academic level of the Course

VIII. Participation of students in

Seminars and conferences

5) How will you describe the quality of education provided to you by your college?

(a) Outstanding (b) Excellent

(c) Good (d) Average

(e) Poor

6) Does your college provide enough exposures for all the students?

(a) Yes, all streams are provided with ample exposures

(b) Depends on the stream

(c) No exposures for any of the stream

7) Give your view points in the following areas of students development in your college;

Sr.

No

Statement Strongly

Agree

Agree Neutrial Dis Agee Strongly

Dis Agree

I. Platform for overall personality

development is available

II. Educational visits are organized

regularly

III. The College pays considerable attention

to students moral development

IV. College emphasis on developing

intellectual and creative qualities

8) Which of the following changes would you like to implement in your college?

(a) Introduction of Computer enabled learning

(b) New experience and activities for students

(c) Promotion of problem solving processes

(d) New channel for student-teacher interaction

(e) A new Grading System

(f) Research

ThanksSignature of investigator Signature of Respondent

____________________ _____________________