CHARLES BABBAGEKnow as the father of Computers

PERSONAL LIFE Charles Babbage was born in London on Dec. 26 1791 on St.

Stephen day. And died at the age 0f 79 on October 1871

His father was a rich banker so it was possible for him to go to the best school even during his elementary education

Babbage was baptized on January 6 1792

At the age of 8 he was sent to an country school in Aplhington to recover from an life threating fever that he had.

In 1814 Babbage Married Georgia Withmore at St. Michale church in Teignmouth, Devon

They Had 8 children and only 3 lived to be adults •Benjamin Herschel Babbage (1815) •Charles Whitmore Babbage (1817)

•Georgiana Whitmore Babbage (1818) •Edward Stewart Babbage (1819

•Francis Moore Babbage (1821) •Dugald Bromheald Babbage (1823)

•Henry Prevost Babbage (1824) •Alexander Forbes Babbage (1827)

•Timothy grant Babbage (1829)

Something horrible happen to Babbage in 1827 when his wife father and one of his son all died

EDUCATION

Babbage joined the 30-student Holmwood academy under the reverend Stephen Freeman. The academy had a libaray that prompted Babbage love of mathematics

After leaving the academy he studied with 2 more private tutors the first was a Clergyman near Cambridge the second one was a tutor of Oxford under him Babbage reached a level in classics sufficient to be accepted by Cambridge

Babbage got accepted to Trinity College, Cambridge in October 1810

He was disappointed with the standards of the Trinity College so he formed the Analytical Society with several friends which were all graduates in 1812.

In 1812 Babbage also transferred to Peterhouse, Cambridge he was the top mathematician there but did not Graduate with honor.

EARLY WORK

He wrote 2 major paper on function equation in 1815 and 1816 which included differential equation and difference equation and they were something like an early Calculus book.

He wrote many papers on mathematical but none was important and the works on infinite series are clearly incorrect

In 1820 he was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh and in the same year he was a major influence in the foundation of the Royal Astronomical Society

He served as Secretary to the Royal Astronomical Society for the first 4 years of its existence and later as Vice-President

Babbage along with John Herschel conducted some experiments on Magnetism in 1825

John Herschel was an English polymath, Mathematician, Astronomer, Chemist, and inventor

In 1827 he became Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Cambridge a position he held for 12 years he never taught during this time because he became engage in his life passion the development of mechanical computers

CONTRIBUTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE Babbage was inspired from an existing work on calculation machines produce

by W. Schichard, B. Pascal, and G. Lebniz

The Difference engine: Babbage presented this to the Royal Astronomical Society on June 14, 1822 in a paper entitle “ Note on the application of machinery to the computation of astronomical and mathematical tables” The D.E was able to calculate polynomial by using numerical method called the differences method; he gave up on it in 1834 because he had financial problems and disbelief on the building and would it work

Analytical Engine: 1835 the engine had tow parts mill and the store the mill executed the operation on values retrieve from the store which is like the memory and the mill is something like todays CPU. It use punch cards adapted from the Jacquard loom to specify input and calculation. This is where the Computer punch card system came from. It was never build completely just small test parts.

Second Difference engine: Between October 1846 and March 1849 Babbage started on the second D.E using the knowledge he gain from the A.E. It only had 8,000 parts three time less than the first. It was a marvel of mechanical engineering. After completing the initial design he did not try to build it at all like the A.E.

The 24 schematics remained in the Science Museum archives until a full-size replica was built 1985-1991 to celebrate the 200th anniversary of Babbage’s birth. It measured 11 feet long, 7 feet high and 18 inches deep, and weighted 2.6 tons. The limits of precision were restricted to those achievable by Babbage.

AWARDS

1814: He was Awarded a honor degree without examination

1824: He was awarded a Gold medal of the Royal Astronomical Society for his invention of an engine “ for calculating mathematical and astronomical tables.

1853 The Royal Medal: It was awarded to Babbage by the Royal Society and annually awarded to three people for the most important contributions to the advancement of natural knowledge.

1856 The Copley Medal: Is also awarded to Babbage by the Royal Society for outstanding achievement in either the physical or biological science and is the oldest Royal Society Medal still given today.

1859 The Wollaston Medal: which is a medal awarded for geology and the highest award given by the Geological Society of London