Charles Babbage , a Mathematics

professor from England, is

recognized as the Father of the

Computer.

He was born in 1791, and began

designing the difference engine,

in 1821.

The use of this machine was to

do logarithmic calculations

automatically.

Ada Lovelace was born in England on December 10, 1815. She was a mathematician. She worked an invention by Charles Babbage, and was the first computer programmer.

Vacuum Tubes

Transistors

Integrated Circuits

Vacuum tube, was first developed by John

Ambrose Fleming in 1904. The vacuum tube is

a glass tube that has its gas removed, creating

a vacuum. Vacuum tubes contain electrodes for

controlling electron flow and were used in

early computers as a switch or an amplifier

1

9

5

8

1

9

4

7

1904

A tablet is smaller than a laptop

but bigger than an cell phone.

It does what most computer do,

but is limited in their

input/output capabilities

Cell

Phone

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OAx_6-wdslM

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mCq8-xTH7jA

https://youtu.be/ZoqMiFKspAA(Circuits and Logic)https://youtu.be/USCBCmwMCDA(Work: Binary & Data)https://youtu.be/xnyFYiK2rSY(Hardware and Software)

Microphone mouse

ProcessorHard Drive

Random Access Memory

MonitorPrinter

Hardware are the computer parts like the

CPU, Motherboard, hard drive, RAM.

Software are the programs that make the

computer work like the operating system,

and apps.

•Motherboard

•CPU(Central Processing Unit)

•RAM(Random Access Memory)

•Power Supply

•Hard Drive

The basic part of a computer,

whether it’s a laptop or a

desktop, is a colored printed

circuit board called

Motherboard.

CPU (Central Processing Unit) is the

brain of a computer. It’s a small chip

placed on the socket of the

motherboard and is responsible for

all the calculations and input/output

operations to be done in order to

process the data

It is a large and permanent storage

space which is used to keep all the

data required by a computer like the

operating system files, songs, videos,

and third-party software files, etc.

When needed, the data is transferred

from the hard drive to the random

access memory (RAM)for being used

by the CPU.

Random Access Memory is one of the

vital parts of a computer. If you take the

RAM chip out of your computer, it won’t

start. It is faster than the hard drives so it

is used as a bridge between the CPU and

the hard drive. It is used to store program

data which is currently used by the CPU.

But RAM suffers from short -term memory

loss.

A computer power supply unit, or

PSU, is the component that supplies

power to a computer

The Harvard Mark 1 was

one of the first electro-

magnetic computers.

Built by IBM, is the size

of a room. Professor

Howard Aiken put it

together. He used

vacuum tubes

technology and

magnetic parts

ENIAC was the fastest

and largest machine of

its time. Was the first

electronic computer

using vacuum

tubes(18,000) to run.

ENIAC was not able to

store programs,

John Bardeen (1908-1991), William B. Shockley

(1910-1989), and Walter H. Brattain (1902-1987)

won a Nobel prize for their invention of the

transistor, which has been called “the most

important invention of the 20th Century

Norbert Wiener had a major

influence on research into AI,

Artificial Intelligence.

But who put the idea of

AI in practice was:

Alan Turing

Alexander

DouglasHe designed one of

the earliest computer

games: a version of

Tic-Tac-Toe, called

OXO

They invented the IC, or Integrated Circuit. The

impact of this tiny chip is being used in most of

our products today. The chip created the

modern computer industry, transforming the

room-sized machines into minicomputers and

PC, or Personal Computers.An IC is a collection of electronic components –

resistors, transistors, capacitors, etc. – all stuffed

into a tiny chip, and connected together to

achieve a common goal.

Gordon Bell and Edson Castro

developed the PDP-8:

First minicomputer

1904…Vacuum Tube1944Mark 1(First

electromagnetic computer)1946Eniac(First electronic

computer)1947…Transistor1948Artificial Intelligence1953First computer game: Tic-

Tac-Toe1958…Integrated Circuit1960First minicomputer

1975First PC and came as a kit that you

put together(Bill Gates and Paul Allen

wrote the program and formed Microsoft)

1976First Apple computer(Wozniak) as

a kit

1977First completely finished

computer by Apple(Wozniak and Jobs)

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=P

LzdnOPI1iJNfMRZm5DDxco3UdsFegvuB7

IBM’s computer Deep Blue defeated c

chess champion, Garry Kasparov in 1997.

It was able to gain a competitive

advantage because it examined 200

million possible moves each second. A

quantum machine would be able to

calculate 1 trillion moves per second!

Test Yourself!

The following test allows you to compare your IQ with that of World Chess Champion Garry Kasparov. The ten questions are based on a test he took.

1. Which is the odd one out?Salmon, whale, shark, trout, pike

2. Insert the two missing numbers:6,9,18,21,42,45,??,??

3. Which is the odd one out?Venus, Saturn, Hermes, Pluto, Uranus

4. Choose the word to complete the sentence:Hearing is to acoustics as seeing is to ????????

5. Complete the row of numbers:3,5,8,13,22,??

6. Who is the odd one out?Haydn, Mahler, Aristotle, Brahms, Stravinsky

7. Which is the odd one out?Paris, Washington, Oslo, Cairo, Bombay, Rio de Janeiro, Berlin

8. Which is the odd number out?625,361,256,197,144

9. Insert the missing letter:B,E,?,Q,Z

10. Complete the following number sequence:4, 6, 9, 137, 10, 15, ??

Whale. The whale is the only mammal.2. 90, 93. The numbers alternately increase by 3 or double.3. Hermes. All the others are planets in the solar system.4. Optics. Acoustics is the science of sound, optics of light.5. 39. Each subsequent number is obtained by doubling the previous one and then subtracting a number which increments by one each time (e.g. 3x2 - 1 = 5; 5x2 - 2 = 8; 8x2 - 3 = 13 etc.)6. Aristotle. All the others are composers.7. Rio de Janeiro. Rio is in the southern hemisphere. All the others are in the northern hemisphere.8. 197. All the other numbers are perfect squares.9. J. If the letters are replaced by their position in the alphabet, we get the sequence 2, 5, 10, 17, 26. Each of these numbers is a square number plus one.10. 22. The upper row numbers increment by 2, 3 and 4. The lower row by 3, 5 and 7.

Now check your score against the following chart:

Correct answers 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10IQ rating 82 90 98 106 115 124 133 142 151 160

Scoring 100 is average, while 130 is in the genius range (see chapter 1 of the book). Kasparov took a similar test and registered an IQ of 135.

First Xbox hit the market.

Cost $299-$399

Halo came Nov 15, 2001

Remember when IBM’s computer Deep

Blue defeated chess champion, Garry

Kasparov in 1997? It was able to gain a

competitive advantage because it

examined 200 million possible moves

each second. A quantum machine would

be able to calculate 1 trillion moves per

second!