Chapter Test Motion · paper. 23. Interpreting a Graph ... using the theory of plate tectonics. ... Include these terms in your answer: action and reaction force, acceleration, force,

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Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Motion ■ Chapter Test

MotionMultiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1. Speed measurements are given in units of

a. distance/time. b. time2/distance.c. distance/time2. d. time/distance.

____ 2. Measurements of acceleration are given in units of

a. distance/time. b. time2/distance.c. distance/time2 d. time/distance.

____ 3. An airplane that moves 50 meters in one second has a speed of

a. 500 cm/s. b. 1800 km/h.c. 180,000 m/h. d. 5,000 m/h.

____ 4. How many centimeters are in a kilometer?

a. 100 b. 100,000c. 1,000 d. 1,000,000

____ 5. A car traveling at 25 m/s speeds up to 40 m/s over a period of 15 seconds. The average acceleration of the car is

a. 1 m/s2.b. 15 km/s2.c. 15 m/s2.d. cannot be calculated from the information given

____ 6. A rider finishes a 120-km bicycle trip in 3 hours. The average speed of the rider is

a. 360 km/hr. b. 3.6 m/s.c. 40 km/hr. d. 4 m/s2.

____ 7. The trunk of a certain tree is 50 cm thick. Each year it gets thicker by 1 cm. How thick will the tree trunk be in 50 years?

a. 50 cm b. 2,500 cmc. 5,000 cm d. 100 cm

____ 8. It can be important to know the velocity of an object, not just its speed, because

a. velocity also tells acceleration.b. speed is always an average.c. velocity also tells direction.d. speed is only useful for fast-moving objects.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________M

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____ 9. A runner starts a 5-km race at 10:15 a.m. and finishes at 10:35 a.m. Given this information, you can calculate the runner’s

a. velocity.b. average speed.c. acceleration.d. reference point.

____ 10. An airplane flies 80 km in 10 minutes and then flies 100 km in 20 minutes. The average speed of the airplane is

a. 60 km/h.b. 360 km/h.c. 8 km/h.d. none of the above

CompletionFill in the line to complete each statement.

11. An object is in motion if it is moving relative to a(n) ________________________.

12. To calculate the acceleration of an object moving in a straight line, divide the change in ________________________ by the time during which the acceleration occurs.

13. The velocity of an object gives both its speed and ________________________.

14. You can calculate an average ________________________ if you know both the total distance and the total time of a trip.

True or FalseIf the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

____________________ 15. An object cannot be accelerating if it has a con-stant speed.

____________________ 16. The information needed for describing velocity is distance/time and direction.

____________________ 17. To determine the speed of an object, divide dis-tance by acceleration.

____________________ 18. An object is in motion only if its distance from a reference point is stationary.

____________________ 19. If you know the speed of an object, you also know the direction of movement.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


EssayWrite an answer for each of the following questions. If you need more space, use a separate sheet of paper.

20. You are seated in a train that is stopped at a station. Use two different reference points to explain that the train can appear to be moving and not moving.

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21. Even if an object is moving at a constant speed, how can it accelerate? Give two examples.

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22. What is the advantage of using the International System of Units (SI)?

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Using Science Skills: Interpreting GraphsThe graph below shows the movement of an imaginary continent. Use the graph to answer questions 23 through 25. If you need more space, use a separate sheet of paper.

23. Interpreting a Graph How far does the continent move in the first 1,000 years?

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24. Calculating What is the average speed of the continent over the entire 6,000-year period?

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25. Applying Concepts Does the motion of the continent accelerate over the 6,000-year period? Explain.

________________________________________________________________________

400

300

200

100

2000

Dis

tanc

e (m

)

Time (yr)4000 6000

Motion of an Imaginary Continent


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________M

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Using Science SkillsThe graph below plots the speed of a baseball thrown straight up in the air. Answer the following questions on the lines provided.

26. Interpreting Graphs What happens to the baseball at 2 seconds?

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27. Interpreting Graphs What happens to the baseball at 4 seconds?

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28. Interpreting Graphs What is the velocity of the baseball at 3 seconds?

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EssayWrite an answer for each of the following questions. If you need more room, use a separate sheet of paper.

29. Why could it be important to use velocity instead of speed when you describe how a storm is moving?

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30. Does Earth’s surface look the same today as it did 250 million years ago? Explain your answer, using the theory of plate tectonics.

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19.6

9.8

0

10

Spee

d (m

/s)

Time (s)

2 3

Speed of a Baseball Thrown Into the Air

4


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________F

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ForcesMultiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1. Friction acts in a direction ________________________ to the direction of an object’s motion.

a. unrelated b. oppositec. equal d. perpendicular

____ 2. Unless an object at rest is acted upon by a force, it stays at rest due to its

a. matter. b. inertia.c. friction. d. gravity.

____ 3. A 10-kg ball is accelerated 500 m/s2 by a force of

a. 5000 N. b. 50 N.c. 500 N. d. 1/50 N.

____ 4. The momentum of a 1500-kg car traveling at a velocity of 10 m/s is

a. 15,000 N. b. 15 m/s2.c. 150 N. d. 15,000 kg·m/s.

____ 5. A(n) ________________________ can cause an object’s motion to change.

a. unbalanced force b. balanced forcec. weight d. inertia

____ 6. The amount of matter in an object is called its

a. weight. b. force.c. inertia. d. mass.

____ 7. Newton’s second law of motion states the relationship of mass, acceleration, and force. It says that

a. force equals mass divided by acceleration.b. force equals acceleration divided by mass.c. acceleration equals force divided by mass.d. every object attracts every other object in the universe.

____ 8. A(n) ________________________ causes objects to move in a circle.

a. centripetal force b. large weightc. terminal velocity d. acceleration

____ 9. The unit of force, a newton, is equal to

a. the amount of mass in an object.b. mass × velocity.c. kg·m/s.d. kg·m/s2.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

____ 10. An object in free fall ________________________ until it reaches terminal velocity.

a. decreases in mass b. slows downc. accelerates d. is unbalanced

Completion

Fill in the blank to complete each statement.

11. Weight is the measure of the force of ________________________ on an object.

12. A newton is a unit of ________________________.

13. Air rushing against an airplane is an example of ________________________ friction.

14. The momentum of an object depends on its mass and ________________________.

15. The total momentum of any group of objects remains the same unless an outside ________________________ acts on the objects.

True or False

If the statement is true, write true. If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

____________________ 16. Forces can be added together only if they are act-ing on different objects.

____________________ 17. According to Newton’s second law of motion, acceleration increases as force increases, if mass stays the same.

____________________ 18. The force exerted by gravity is stronger if two objects are closer.

____________________ 19. The force of friction acts between all objects in the universe.

____________________ 20. A satellite in orbit around Earth is always falling toward Earth.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________F

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Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the diagram below to answer the following questions. Answer the questions in brief paragraphs on a separate sheet of paper.

21. What happens in the rocket engine at point A? How does the rocket take off? Include these terms in your answer: action and reaction force, acceleration, force, and gravity.

22. What is happening to the rocket at point B? Explain what keeps the rocket from falling back to the surface or moving off into space.

Essay

Write a brief paragraph to answer each of the following. Use a separate sheet of paper if necessary.

23. What forces are acting on you when you slide down a water slide? What type of friction is present? If the water slide were dry, would the frictional forces be different? Explain.

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24. An astronaut throws a baseball on the moon, where there is no air. Back on Earth, you throw an identical baseball using the same force that the astronaut used to throw her ball. Which ball will travel a greater distance before it hits the ground? Explain.

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25. You blow up a balloon and pinch the open end closed. Predict what will happen when you let go of the balloon in terms of Newton’s third law of motion.

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Path of rocket

A

B


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Using Science Skills: Applying conceptsAnswer the following questions in the spaces provided.

26. What is the total momentum of the two balls before the collision?

________________________________________________________________________

27. If the total momentum remains the same after the collision, what is the new velocity of Ball B?

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Essay

Write a brief paragraph to answer each of the following on a separate sheet of paper.

28. Archaeologists are still not sure how the prehistoric people of England moved the giant blocks that were used to build Stonehenge. What forces would be at work if you were trying to move a 20,000-kg block of stone? Without using a cart or a truck, how could you move the stone? Would you need the same force to keep the stone moving as you did to get it started? Explain.

29. Some communications satellites appear to stay in the same place above Earth’s equator. Explain why these satellites don’t fall back to Earth.

30. Explain how a parachute works. Use the terms air resistance, surface area, and gravity.

A 2 kg

Velocity ofBall A = 1 m/s

Velocity ofBall B = 0 m/s

BeforeCollision

B 1 kg

A 2 kg

Velocity ofBall A = 0.5 m/s

Velocity ofBall B = ?

AfterCollision

B 1 kg


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Fo

rce

s in

Flu

ids

Forces in Fluids

■

Chapter Test

Scoring Rubric

Forces in Fluids

Multiple Choice

Write the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1.

Which of the following is NOT the SI unit of pressure?

a.

N/m

2

b.

Pa

c.

newton

d.

pascal

____ 2.

Pressure is

a.

force

×

area.

b.

area

÷

force.

c.

force + area.

d.

force

÷

area.

____ 3.

At higher elevations, air pressure is

a.

less because there is less air above.

b.

greater because there is more air below.

c.

less because gravity is stronger.

d.

less because the air is moving faster.

____ 4.

When pressure is applied to a confined fluid, the increase in pres-sure is transmitted equally to all parts of the fluid. This fact is called

a.

Pascal’s principle.

b.

Newton’s principle.

c.

Archimedes’ principle.

d.

Bernoulli’s principle.

____ 5.

An object under water feels lighter than it does in air because of

a.

air pressure.

b.

buoyancy.

c.

fluid speed.

d.

temperature.

____ 6.

An object is dropped into a beaker containing a liquid. The object drops to the bottom of the beaker. Therefore, the

a.

density of the object is greater than the density of the liquid.

b.

density of the object is less than the density of the liquid.

c.

mass of the object is less than the mass of the liquid.

d.

volume of the liquid displaced is more than the volume of the object.

____ 7.

If you blow a stream of air between two balloons that are next to each other, the balloons

a.

rise.

b.

move away from each other.

c.

move toward each other.

d.

move randomly.

____ 8.

Air above an airplane wing is moving faster than air below an air-plane wing. This causes the plane to

a.

accelerate.

b.

slow down.

c.

increase its elevation.

d.

decrease its elevation.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Forces in Fluids

■

Chapter Test

Scoring Rubric

____ 9.

Fluids exert pressure because they are made up of tiny

a.

moving molecules that exert forces.

b.

forces that sum together.

c.

molecules that push upward.

d.

particles that are buoyant.

____ 10.

Bubbles rise in water because they are

a.

so tiny.

b.

less dense than water.

c.

more dense than water.

d.

fluids.

Completion

Fill in the line to complete each statement

11.

The flow of smoke up a chimney is explained by ________________________ principle.

12.

A device that increases force that works because of Pascal’s principle, such as the braking system of a car, is called a ________________________ device.

13.

The density of a substance is its ________________________ per unit volume.

14.

The outward pressure exerted by a fluid decreases as the speed of the fluid ________________________.

15.

The pressure exerted by the gas in Earth’s atmosphere is called ________________________.

True or False

Determine whether each statement is true or false. If it is true, write

true.

If it is false, change the underlined word or words to make the statement true.

____________________ 16.

A fluid is a substance whose volume can easily change.

____________________ 17.

Water pressure increases as depth increases.

____________________ 18.

The buoyant force always acts in an upward direction.

____________________ 19.

Archimedes’ principle states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the force of the fluid displaced by the object.

____________________ 20.

The density of an object would be changed by changing the object’s volume or its area.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________F

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Flu

ids

Forces in Fluids ■ Chapter Test Scoring Rubric

Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the diagram below to answer the following questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

21. Calculating What is the pressure exerted by the left piston? What is the pressure being exerted on the right piston?

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22. Explain What is the force exerted on the right piston?

________________________________________________________________________

EssayOn a separate sheet of paper, write a brief paragraph to answer each of the following

23. Explain how an airplane’s wing helps an airplane fly. What principle explains this?

24. How must the average density of a helium balloon be changed to make it rise, float at a constant level, and sink in air?

25. Explain why ice floats in water using the term buoyant force. What must be the density of ice compared to water?

Area = 5m2 Area = 40m2

Force = 10N


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Forces in Fluids ■ Chapter Test Scoring Rubric

Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the diagram below to answer the following questions. Answer the questions in the spaces provided or on a separate sheet or paper.

26. Interpreting Diagrams All three steel boats weigh the same and float carrying the same weight. Apply Archimedes’ principle and compare the water displaced by each. Which will be the first to hit bottom as they enter shallow water? Explain.

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27. Critical Thinking If a boat identical in shape to boat C were made from a less dense material than steel, would the boat float higher or lower in the water? Explain.

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EssayOn a separate sheet of paper, discuss each of the following statements in a brief paragraph.

28. How does a hydraulic system work to increase force? What principle does it depend on?

29. How could you determine your mass using water, a bathtub, something to measure water with, and Archimedes’ principle?

30. Imagine that you are sitting in a parked car by the highway. Use the properties of moving fluids to explain the forces that act on your car if another car speeds by very close to your car. (Hint: A moving car pushes air ahead of it and tends to pull air along with it because of friction.)

a. b. c.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________W

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Work and Machines ■ Chapter Test

Work and MachinesMultiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1. The unit of work is called a

a. newton. b. joule.c. joule-meter. d. gram.

____ 2. An ideal machine has an efficiency of

a. 100%. b. 0%.c. 10%. d. 1,000%.

____ 3. You do 1,200 J of work using a screwdriver. The screwdriver does 900 J of work on a screw. What is the efficiency of the screwdriver?

a. 75% b. 133%c. 21% d. 300%

____ 4. A machine can make work easier by

a. dividing the force needed to accomplish a task.b. decreasing the efficiency.c. decreasing the mechanical advantage.d. changing the direction of force needed to accomplish a task.

____ 5. An ax, a zipper, and a front tooth are examples of a simple machine called a

a. lever. b. screw.c. wedge. d. pulley.

____ 6. You divide the radius of a wheel by the radius of an axle. What are you calculating?

a. The ideal mechanical advantage of a pulleyb. The efficiency of a wheel and axlec. The actual mechanical advantage of a screwd. The ideal mechanical advantage of a wheel and axle

____ 7. A car’s steering wheel is an example of a simple machine called a(n)________________________ .

a. lever b. wheel and axlec. inclined plane d. screw

____ 8. The fixed point that a lever rotates around is called a(n)

a. fulcrum. b. wedge.c. input force. d. output force.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


____ 9. Compound machines are

a. machines that use gears.b. machines used to make mixtures.c. combinations of simple machines.d. machines that use wheels.

____ 10. When you bend your arm at the elbow, the fulcrum is at your

a. wrist.b. elbow.c. fingertips.d. biceps.


11. In order to do work on an object, the object must ________________________ as a result of your force.

12. A machine’s ________________________ is the number of times a force exerted on a machine is multiplied by the machine.

13. In a screwdriver, the handle is the wheel and the shaft is the ________________________.

14. Muscles are attached to bones by ________________________.

15. The more efficient a machine is, the closer the actual mechanical advantage is to the ________________________.


____________________ 16. A machine decreases the amount of work you do.

____________________ 17. An inclined plane wrapped around a central cyl-inder is a lever.

____________________ 18. A rope wrapped around a grooved wheel is a pulley.

____________________ 19. A single fixed pulley, such as a flagpole, changes the amount of the input force.

____________________ 20. When you bite into a sandwich, your front teeth act as wedges.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________W

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Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the diagram below to answer Questions 21 and 22.

21. Interpreting Diagrams Jill is pushing on a table. Eric is pushing on a smaller stool. Each person moves their object 3 m. How can you determine whether Eric and Jill are performing work?

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22. Problem Solving How much work does Eric perform? How much work does Jill perform? Who performs more work?

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EssayWrite an answer for each of the following questions in the space provided. If you need more space, use a separate sheet of paper.

23. Describe an instance where you would exert force on an object, but not do any work on it. Describe an instance where you would exert force on an object and also do work on it.

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24. List the six types of simple machines and give an example of how you would use each one in your daily life.

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25. Describe the three ways that a machine makes work easier and give an example of a machine that would help in each way.

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________________________________________________________________________

Jill Eric

F= 40 N F= 20 N


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the diagram below to answer the following questions.

26. Interpreting Diagrams The mover must move this crate into the truck. Explain why the work will be easier if the mover uses the ramp.

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27. Problem Solving How do you calculate the ideal mechanical advantage of the ramp? What is the ideal mechanical advantage of the mover’s ramp?

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EssayWrite an answer for each of the following questions.

28. Why would you use a machine if it does not decrease the amount of work you do?

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29. A machine has a mechanical advantage of 1. What does that tell you about the input and output forces? Give an example of a machine with a mechanical advantage of 1.

________________________________________________________________________

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30. What effect does friction have on a machine’s efficiency? How could you use what you know about friction to make a machine more efficient?

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

50kg 5m1.5m


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Energy ■ Chapter Test

EnergyMultiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1. Potential energy is energy

a. of velocity. b. of motion.c. of distance. d. that is stored.

____ 2. Kinetic energy depends on

a. only mass. b. only velocity.c. height. d. mass and velocity.

____ 3. A skydiver with a mass of 60 kg jumps out of an airplane at a height of 5,000 m. The acceleration due to gravity is 9.8 m/s2. What is the gravitational potential energy of the skydiver?

a. 2,940,000 J b. 30,612 Jc. 2,940,000 kJ d.1,840,000 J

____ 4. The sun’s energy comes from

a. chemical energy. b. nuclear energy.c. electromagnetic energy. d. thermal energy.

____ 5. Sunlight is a form of

a. nuclear energy. b. electromagnetic energy.c. chemical energy. d. electrical energy.

____ 6. A girl throws a ball 15 m into the air. The ball has the maximum potential energy at a height of

a. 0 m. b. 5 m.c. 10 m. d. 15 m.

____ 7. A pendulum set in motion eventually stops because

a. the energy is destroyed.b. the kinetic energy and potential energy are balanced.c. friction converts the mechanical energy to thermal energy.d. the pendulum runs out of power.

____ 8. An electric blanket converts electrical energy to

a. nuclear energy. b. chemical energy.c. mechanical energy. d. thermal energy.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


____ 9. The formula Weight � Height is used to calculate

a. kinetic energy.b. elastic potential energy.c. gravitational potential energy.d. mechanical energy.

____ 10. A 2-kg object moving at a speed of 4 m/s has a kinteic energy of

a. 2 J.b. 8 J.c. 16 J.d. 32 J.

CompletionFill in the blank to complete each statement.

11. A moving object can do work so it has ________________________ energy.

12. Elastic potential energy is associated with objects that can be ________________________.

13. The energy an object has due to its motion is called ________________________ energy.

14. Plants convert electromagnetic energy to ________________________ energy.

15. The energy stored in fossil fuels is released by ________________________.


____________________ 16. Work is the transfer of energy.

____________________ 17. Potential energy that depends on height is elastic potential energy.

____________________ 18. A pendulum has maximum kinetic energy at the top of its swing.

____________________ 19. The law of conservation of energy states that when one form of energy is converted to another, some energy is destroyed.

____________________ 20. Power is the rate at which energy is lost.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


Using Science Skills: Interpreting Diagrams

Use the illustration below to answer the following questions.

21. Interpret Illustrations For the pendulum pictured above, draw the bar graphs that show the relative amounts of kinetic energy (K.E.) and potential energy (P.E.) for pendulum positions 2 through 5. Position 1 is graphed for you.

22. Make Generalizations If the pendulum were to start its swing higher, would that affect its maximum gravitational potential energy? Explain.

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________________________________________________________________________

EssayWrite an answer for each of the following in the spaces provided.

23. Describe the process of energy conversion from potential energy to kinetic energy as water falls from the top to the bottom of Niagara Falls.

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24. In terms of power and energy, explain why a 60-watt light bulb is brighter than a 25-watt light bulb.

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25. Explain how fossil fuels can contain energy that came from the sun.

________________________________________________________________________

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1

2

3

42

5

20

0.51.01.52.0

1 1 KE PEPosition 1

KE PEPosition 2

KE PEPosition 3

KE PEPosition 4

KE PEPosition 5


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Energy

■

Chapter Test

Using Science Skills: Interpreting Diagrams

The machine shown below drops the weight attached to the end of the pulley, called the pile driver, onto the support beam in the ground, called the pile. The force of the pile driver hitting the pile drives the pile farther into the ground.

Use the diagram above to answer the following questions in the spaces provided.

26. Applying Concepts

Calculate the kinetic energy of the pile driver in the figure above as it falls to hit the pile below it. Show your work.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

27. Applying Concepts

How much gravitational potential energy does the pile driver have when it is lifted to a height of 15 m? Show your work.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Essay

Answer the following items on a separate sheet of paper.

28.

Two cyclists are riding their bikes up a steep hill. Jessica rides her bike straight up the hill. Adrian rides his bike up the hill in a zigzag path. Adrian and Jessica have identical masses. Once they reach the top of the hill, does Adrian have less gravitational potential energy than Jessica? Explain your answer.

29.

How is the law of conservation of energy illustrated in the following situations: a person hitting a baseball with a bat, a person throwing a flying disk.

30.

Explain the energy transfers involved when you rub your hands together to keep them warm. (Hint: Start with the food you eat.)

Pile driver

Velocity of pile driver = 4 m/s

Mass of pile driver = 5,000 kg

Pile


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________

Thermal Energy and Heat ■ Chapter Test

Thermal Energy and HeatMultiple ChoiceWrite the letter of the correct answer on the line at the left.

____ 1. Which of the following temperatures is NOT possible?

a. 2 K b. −100°Cc. −274°F d.−5 K

____ 2. Which of the following does NOT describe an external combus-tion engine?

a. The fuel is burned outside the engine.b. It converts heat energy to mechanical energy.c. Pistons move inside cylinders.d. An example is an automobile engine.

____ 3. Temperature is a measure of the average ________________________ of each particle within an object.

a. kinetic energy b. statec. heat d.conduction

____ 4. Which of these is NOT a way of transferring heat?

a. conduction b. convectionc. radiation d. insulation

____ 5. Radiation is the transfer of energy by

a. convection currents. b. direct contact.c. electromagnetic waves. d. evaporation.

____ 6. Specific heat is the amount of energy required to raise the temper-ature of

a. 1 joule of a substance by 1 kelvin.b. 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 kelvin.c. 1 kilogram of a substance by 1 joule.d. 1 gram of a substance by 1°F.

____ 7. Liquids have

a. no definite volume and no definite shape.b. definite volume but no definite shape.c. definite volume and definite shape.d. definite shape but no definite volume.

____ 8. Which of the following is NOT a change of state?

a. water flowing b. water boilingc. ice cream melting d. dew condensing


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________T

he

rm

al E

ne

rg

y a

nd

He

at


____ 9. A substance generally expands when its ________________________ increases.

a. specific heatb. melting pointc. conductiond. thermal energy

____ 10. Absolute zero is

a. 273 K.b. 0 K.c. 373 K.d. −273 K.


11. ________________________ is the total energy of all of the particles in a substance.

12. The circular movement when heated fluid rises and is replaced by a cooler fluid is called a(n) ________________________ current.

13. The temperature at which a solid changes to a liquid is its ________________________.

14. A device that transforms thermal energy to mechanical energy is called a(n) ________________________.

15. A(n) ________________________ is a device that transfers thermal energy from a cool region to a warm region.


____________________ 16. On the Celsius scale, zero degrees is assigned to the temperature at which water condenses.

____________________ 17. Heat is a transfer of thermal energy from a warmer object to a cooler object.

____________________ 18. A conductor such as a rug feels warm compared to a tile floor because it slows the transfer of heat from your skin.

____________________ 19. The state of a substance depends on the amount of thermal energy it possesses.

____________________ 20. Heat engines convert the thermal energy from condensation to mechanical energy.


Name ____________________________ Date ____________________ Class ____________


Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the illustration below to answer questions 21 and 22. Write your answers in the space provided.

21. Drawing Conclusions Which temperature scale does this thermometer use? How do you know?

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22. Interpreting Illustrations What change of state is occurring in the illustration?

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EssayWrite an answer for each of the following in the spaces provided. Use the back of this sheet if you need more room.

23. Explain why the dry end of a metal spoon sitting in hot water feels warm but a wooden spoon does not.

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24. After running, your friend lies down on a tile floor because he says the “coldness” of the tile transfers to his body. Is his statement correct? Explain.

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25. Explain why the temperature of water does not change as it melts from solid ice to liquid water.

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Using Science Skills: Interpreting DiagramsUse the illustration below to answer questions 26 through 28. Write your answers in the spaces provided.

26. Interpreting Diagrams Explain where conduction is occurring in this diagram.

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27. Interpreting Diagrams Explain where convection is occurring in this diagram.

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28. Interpreting Diagrams How are the bricks beneath the fire heated by the flames? Explain.

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EssayWrite an answer for each of the following in the space provided. Use the back of this sheet if you need more room.

29. Substance A has a specific heat of 385 J/(kg·K). How much energy would you have to transfer to 10 kg of the substance to raise its temperature by 10 K? Show your work.

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30. Describe how the thermostat of an air conditioner works.

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Air flow up the chimney

Logs

Metal grate

Bricks

Documents

Chapter Test Motion · paper. 23. Interpreting a Graph ... using the theory of plate tectonics. ... Include these terms in your answer: action and reaction force, acceleration, force,