America Before Columbus  The Civilizations of

the SouthIncan and Aztec

Empires The Civilizations of

the NorthHunting and

GatheringCahokiaGender Relations

Chapter One: The Meeting of Cultures

Iroquois Women

Secotan Village, 1585

How the Early North Americans Lived

Commerce and NationalismEuropean Population GrowthBlack Death and Feudalism

Growth of Cities and TownsMerchant ClassRenaissance

Rise of Monarchies/Nation States

Trade and ExplorationPortugal and Prince Henry Christopher Columbus

Columbus’ First VoyageFerdinand Magellan

Circumnavigation of the Globe 

Europe Looks Westward 

Marco Polo Leaves for the Far East

“Following the Light of the Sun, we left the Old

World.” -

Christopher Columbus

“The church says that the Earth is flat, but I have seen the shadow on the moon and I have more faith in the shadow than in

the church.” -Ferdinand Magellan

Treaty of Tordesillas 1494The Spanish Empire

“Conquistadores” Spain’s Northern Outposts

St. Augustine and Santa FeAssimilation and

AccommodationColumbian Exchange

Beneficial and catastrophic Exchanges

Deliberate Subjugation and

Extermination

Europe Looks Westward 

European Exploration and Conquest, 1492-1583

Biological and Cultural ExchangesForced migration of labor . . .CropsLivestockTechnologyDisease De Soto in North America

Africa and America Trade States of West AfricaMatrilineal SocietiesAfrican Slavery

Slave Trade Incessant demand for labor

in the New WorldPlantation EconomiesEuropean Slavery

By BirthRacialized

TradersPortugueseDutchEnglish

Europe Looks Westward 

Capital and the Industrial

Revolution

Martin Luther 95 Theses – 1517 Justification by Faith Authority of the Scriptures

John Calvin Institutes of the Christian

Religion (1559) Sola Scriptura -the Bible

"alone" Predestination The Elect and success

Henry VIII Act of Supremacy 1534 Anglican Church Debate over purifying the

church

Protestant Reformation“Free will does not enable any man to perform good

works, unless he is assisted by grace; indeed, the special grace which the elect alone

receive through– John Calvin

Trade Models

MercantilismAmassing national wealthControlling Trade- Tariffs

and DutiesFavorable Balance of Trade

(Surplus vs. Deficits)Colonies as a source of raw

materialsSpain: Gold, Silver, Sugar,

TobaccoEngland: Tobacco, Indigo,

Rice, Lumber, SugarFrance: FurDutch: Fur

Colonization and Mercantilism

Stuart Dynasty- 1603 James I

Absolutism Charles I 1625-1649

Parliament and the Power of the Purse Religion

Elizabeth’s Truce Puritan’s Complaints Archbishop Laud Great Migration

The English Civil War Oliver Cromwell Puritan Commonwealth Mercantilism Ascendant

Restoration 1660-1685 Charles II

Glorious Revolution 1689 William and Mary English Bill of Rights

John Locke- 2nd Treatise on Civil Government

"WE STUDY THE GLORY OF GOD, AND THE HONOUR AND

LIBERTY OF PARLIAMENT, FOR

WHICH WE UNANIMOUSLY

FIGHT, WITHOUT SEEKING OUR OWN

INTERESTS . . .“- Oliver Cromwell

War and Restoration

Incentives for ColonizationScarce LandMercantilism

Religious Motives for ColonizationThe English ReformationPuritan Separatists

Lessons of Irish ColonizationThe First English

Settlements$ Failed Colony of Roanoke

1585$ Jamestown 1607 Plymouth 1620

The Arrival of the English  

The French in AmericaQuebec 1608Traders, Trapper s and

MissionariesFew DissentersFew women

The Dutch in AmericaNew Amsterdam 1625Dutch East India

CompanyDutch West India

CompanyTraders . . .

The Arrival of the . . .

New Amsterdam Preacher in Period Dress

Financing ColonizationKing’s Grants /ChartersJoint Stock Companies

Virginia CompanyThe Early Chesapeake

Jamestown’s Early OrdealJohn Smith

Powhatan ConfederationPocahontas

Lord De La WarrThe “Starving Time”

"Now we worked so harmoniously that in three months we made three or four cases of tar, pitch,

and soap ashes, produced some

glass, made a well in the fort . . ., built

some twenty houses, re-roofed

our church, provided nets and seines for fishing;

and built a blockhouse in the

neck of our peninsula.”-John Smith

Chapter Two: Transplantations and Borderlands

Reorganization and ExpansionThe Tobacco Economy

John RolfeContinuing Labor

IssuesThe “Headright

System”Birth of American

Slavery 1619House of Burgesses

1619Demise of the Virginia

CompanyVirginia becomes a

Royal Colony 1624

The Early Chesapeake

The Non-Indian Population of the Chesapeake, 1607-1700

The Growth of the Chesapeake, 1607-1750

Plymouth PlantationHolland and The Scrooby

SeparatistsNon-Conforming Separatists

Plymouth Founded 1620Mayflower Compact

TheocracyPilgrim-Indian Interaction

Samoset and Tisquantum (Squanto)The Massachusetts Bay

Experiment 1630Massachusetts Bay Company Jonathan Winthrop

“City on a Hill”Great Migration

20,000

“But about the 16th of March, a certain Indian came boldly amongst them and spoke to them in broken English, which they could well understand but marveled at it. At length they understood by discourse with him, that he was not of these parts, but belonged to the eastern parts where some English ships came to fish . . . his name was Samoset.” - William Bradford

The Growth of New England  

“For we must Consider that we shall be as a City upon a Hill, the eyes of all people are upon us.”

- John Winthrop

Fundamental Orders of ConnecticutFirst written constitution in

the New WorldTheocracy

Roger Williams’ DissentRhode IslandSeparation of church and

stateAnne Hutchinson

Antinomian HeresyMaine and New Hampshire

The Growth of New England,

1620-1750

The Growth of New England  

Settlers and Natives LandReligionConflict tribes

WampanoagsPequotsNarragansettMohegan

The Pequot War 1637King Philip’s War 1675

MetacometGreat Swamp Massacre

A Pequot Village Destroyed

The Growth of New England  

The Non-Indian Population of New England, 1620-1700

Maryland 1632George CalvertReligious haven for English

Catholics. . .Protestant migrants

“Act Concerning Religion” 1649Meant to protect the

CatholicsClass Issues in Maryland

Modeled on Virginia

“Forasmuch as in a well Governed and

Christian Commonwealth

matters Concerning Religion & the honour

of God ought in the first place to be taken

into serious Consideration and endeavoured to be

settled…”- “Act Concerning

Religion”

The Early Chesapeake

Bacon’s RebellionSir William Berkeley

Virginia’s Royal GovernorEstablished a Boundary for

“White” Settlement“Backcountry” Resentment

Nathaniel BaconMember of the “Gentry”Leads the “Rabble” against

the Tidewater GentryConsequences of Bacon’s

RebellionNew Slave CodesDecline of Indentured

Servitude

The Early Chesapeake

“But I thank God, there are no free schools nor printing, and I hope we

shall not have these hundred years; for

learning has brought disobedience and heresy, and sects into the world, and printing has divulged them, and libels against

the best government. God keep us from both.”

- Sir William Berkeley

The Carolinas 1663 and 1665Anthony Ashley Cooper

Proprietors Fundamental Constitution for Carolina

John LockeElitist/Aristocratic Document

Close Ties with the CaribbeanCarolina Divided 1729

New Netherland, New York, and New JerseyNew Amsterdam Seized 1674

Unequal wealth and power – Class againPatroons

New Jersey Founded 1702The Founding of Georgia

Oglethorpe’s Philanthropic Mission

The Restoration Colonies

The Navigation ActsThe Dominion of New England

Lords of TradeSir Edmund Andros

The “Glorious Revolution”Dominion of New England

Abolished“Leislerians” and “Anti-

Leislerians”Growing Participation in the

Imperial System

The Development of Empire