Chapter 9Process Integration

Partial adoption from Magal and Word | Integrated Business Processes with ERP Systems | © 2011

Timothy L. Baker, CPA, CITP, CMA

Learning Objectives1. Define process integration, and explain why this concept

is fundamental to modern business operations.2. Explain how the procurement, fulfillment, and IWM

processes interact when a company fills a customer order for trading goods.

3. Indentify and discuss the various integration points among the procurement, fulfillment, production, and warehouse management processes.

4. Analyze the financial and material impacts of the various steps in the integrated processes.

Background• Thus far the book has covered the following key

processes:– Financial accounting– Procurement– Fulfillment– Production– Inventory and warehouse management– Material planning

• Each of these processes has triggers, data, tasks, and outcomes

Background• Chapter 1 introduced the concept of

process integration– Various processes are interdependent– Steps in one process frequently impact steps in

other processes• This chapter approaches the same

processes discussed in the previous chapters but from an integrative perspective.

Integrated Business Processes

Background

• Production strategies– Make-to-stock– Make-to-order

• Procurement strategy– Procure-to-stock– Procure-to-order

• Fulfillment strategy– Sell-from-stock

Background• Make-to-stock, procure-to-stock, and sell-from-stock

strategies use inventory as a buffer between processes to de-couple them or make them less dependent on one another.

• To illustrate integration among processes, the scenarios will no longer assume that there is a sufficient inventory of raw materials for production or of finished goods for fulfillment.

• The discussion will focus on the make-to-order and procure-to-order strategies.

Background

• Two scenarios are presented– Scenario one - Filling a customer order for

trading goods• Procurement, fulfillment, IWM

– Scenario two – Filling a customer order for finished goods

• Procurement, fulfillment, production, IWM

Procurement, Fulfillment, and IWM Processes• Rocky Mountain Bikes (RMB), a GBI customer, has

ordered 800 t-shirts (SHRT1000) from GBI • GBI will ship the t-shirts from its San Diego plant,

which is warehouse management enabled• Assumptions

– The San Diego plant has 200 t-shirts in stock valued at a moving average price of $15.43 each

– The Miami plant has 1,500 t-shirts in stock valued at a moving average price of $15.25 each

– GBI can purchase t-shirts from Spy Gear at $14.95 each

Procurement, Fulfillment, and IWM Processes

• Assumptions (continued)– RMB has sent GBI a purchase order (PO) for

800 t-shirts– GBI sells t-shirts for $30 each

Plant Stock Valuation – Start of the Process

Account Balance - Start of the Process

Demo 9.1 Review Financials and Inventory (Plant, Storage Location, and

Bin Stock and Value)• Review financials and inventory (plant,

storage location, and bin stock and value)

Demo 9.2 Create Two Customer Orders

• Review creation of two customer orders

Procurement, Fulfillment, and Warehouse Management Processes

Fulfillment Process - Initial Steps

• The fulfillment process is triggered by a customer purchase order.

• Fulfillment continues with the next step, which is sales order processing.

Fulfillment Process – Initial Steps

Procurement Process – Initial Steps

• A shortage of materials creates a requirement for GBI to purchase trading goods, which triggers the procurement process.

• Two options for procurement:– Internally– Externally

Procurement Process – Initial Steps

Demo 9.3 Create Two Requisitions and POs to Fill Customer Orders• Review the creation of two requisitions and

POs

Procurement Process – Internal Procurement• San Diego plant can procure the t-shirts from the

Miami plant• STO processing has several options

– Select STO without delivery document

• Goods issue• Material impact• Financial impact• Valuation impact• Goods receipt

Procurement Process – Internal Procurement

Material and FI Documents at GI for STO

Plant Stock Valuation at GI for STO

Account Balances at GI for STO

Material and FI Documents at GR for STO

Plant Stock Valuation at GR for STO

Demo 9.4 Internal Procurement for First PO

• Review internal procurement for first PO

Procurement Process – External Procurement

• GBI sends a purchase order for 1,000 t-shirts to Spy Gear. Followed by:– Goods receipt– Invoice receipt– Payment

• Impacts– Material impact– FI impact– Plant stock valuation

Procurement Process – External Procurement

Material and FI Documents at GR for PO

Plant Stock Valuation at GR for PO

Account Balances at GR for PO

Account Balances after Procurement

Demo 9.5 External Procurement for Second PO

• Review external procurement for second PO

Warehouse Management Steps Related to Procurement

• San Diego plant is WM enabled• WM steps: TR/TO• No material or FI documents

WM Steps Related to Procurement

Demo 9.6 WM Steps for Goods Receipt for PO

• Review WM steps for goods receipt for PO

Fulfillment Process - Shipping

• Create delivery• WM steps for picking• Goods issue• Invoice• Payment

Fulfillment Process - Shipping

Demo 9.7 Create Delivery for PO

• Review create delivery for PO

WM Steps Related to Fulfillment

Demo 9.8 WM Steps for Delivery

• Review WM steps for delivery

Fulfillment Process – Concluding Steps

Material and FI Documents for Delivery

Plant Stock Valuation at GI for Delivery

Account Balances after GI for Delivery

GL Account Balances after Customer Billing and Payment

Demo 9.9 Complete Fulfillment

• Review complete fulfillment

Procurement, Fulfillment, Production, and IWM Processes

• Rocky Mountain Bikes (RMB) has ordered 40 Red Deluxe Touring Bikes (DXTR3000) from GBI.

• Assumptions– The San Diego plant has 10 Red Deluxe Touring Bikes valued at a standard

price of $1,400 each.– The Dallas plant currently does not have any touring bikes in inventory.

• When it does have these bikes, the standard price is also $1,400.– The Dallas plant has 200 aluminum wheel assemblies that are needed to

produce touring bikes.• The standard price for these wheel assemblies is $110.

Procurement, Fulfillment, Production, and IWM Processes

• Assumptions (continued)– GBI’s vendor -- Space Bike Composites -- is able to supply all

of the raw materials needed to make touring bikes.– GBI purchases raw materials in lot sizes of 200. It produces

bikes in lot sizes of 50.– RMB has sent GBI a purchase order for 40 Red Deluxe Touring

Bikes.– GBI sells these bikes for $2,800 each.– Bikes are produced in Dallas and shipped to San Diego via STO

BOM for Touring Bikes

Raw Material Cost per Bike

Plant Stock Valuation at Start of Process

Account Balances – Start of Process

Procurement, Fulfillment, Production, and Warehouse Management

Processes

Demo 9.10 Review Financials and Inventory (Plant, Storage Location,

and Bin Stock and Value)• Review financials and inventory (plant,

storage location, and bin stock and value)

Fulfillment Process – Initial Steps

• This following scenario for the fulfillment process is very similar to the one that was previously discussed.

• RMB’s purchase order triggers the integrated process and prompts GBI to create a sales order.

• The ERP system performs an availability check.

Fulfillment Process – Initial Steps

Demo 9.11 Create a Sales Order

• Review create a sales order

Inventory Management (STO) Initial Steps

• Availability check results in a deficit.• Bikes are produced in Dallas and must be

transferred to San Diego (via STO)

Inventory Management – Initial Step

Demo 9.12 Create an STO

• Review how to create an STO

Production Process – Initial Steps

• Insufficient inventory of bikes in Dallas to meet the requirements in the STO

• Execute the production process– Insufficient raw materials to produce the bikes

Production Process – Initial Steps

Demo 9.13 Create a Planned Order and a Production Order

• Review how to create a planned order and a production order

Procurement Process (External)

• The requirement for raw materials triggers the procurement process to acquire these materials.

Procurement Process (External)

Plant Stock Valuation after External Procurement

Account Balances after External Procurement

Demo 9.14 Execute the Procurement Process

• Review how to execute the procurement process

Production Process - Continued

• GBI has received the raw materials• The production process continues

Production Process - Continued

Plant Stock Valuation after Production

Account Balances after Production

Demo 9.15 Complete Production

• Review complete production

Inventory Management - Continued

• Bikes are received into the Dallas plant inventory.

• GI for STO in Dallas• GR for STO in San Diego

Inventory Management - Continued

Plant Stock Valuation at GI for STO

Account Balances after a Goods Issue against an STO

Plant Stock Valuation at GR for STO

Demo 9.16 Complete the GI and GR for STO

• Review complete GI and GR for STO

Warehouse Management Process Related to STO

• Bikes arrive in the San Diego plant, which is WM enabled

• Complete WM steps related to GR

Warehouse Management Steps

Demo 9.17 Complete WM Steps Related to STO

• Review complete WM steps related to STO

Fulfillment Process - Continued

• The bikes are now in stock in the San Diego plant.

• The fulfillment process, which had been interrupted, can continue.

Fulfillment Process - Continued

Demo 9.18 Create a Delivery for a Sales Order

• Review how to create a delivery for a sales order

Warehouse Management Process

Demo 9.19 Complete the WM Steps Related to the Sales Order

• Review how to complete the WM steps related to the sales order

Fulfillment Process – Concluding Steps

Plant Stock Valuation at GI for SO

Account Balances after Fulfillment

Demo 9.20 Complete Fulfillment Steps

• Review how to complete the fulfillment steps