CHAPTER 9CHAPTER 9Mental DisordersMental Disorders

Objectives:Objectives:

1. Compare and contrast 1. Compare and contrast organicorganic

and functional disorders.and functional disorders.

2. Describe the four 2. Describe the four categories of functional categories of functional mental disorders.mental disorders.

MENTAL DISORDERSMENTAL DISORDERS

• What are they???What are they???• Rooted in emotional, psychological, physical, Rooted in emotional, psychological, physical,

or biochemical problems.or biochemical problems.

• Can interfere with normal functioning with Can interfere with normal functioning with self, others, and even society.self, others, and even society.

• Can differ from person to person and episode Can differ from person to person and episode to episode.to episode.

•Mental Disorder – An illness of Mental Disorder – An illness of the mind that can affect the the mind that can affect the thoughts, feelings, and thoughts, feelings, and behaviors of a person, behaviors of a person, preventing him or her from preventing him or her from leading a happy, healthful, leading a happy, healthful, and productive life.and productive life.

•Can you think of Can you think of any individuals, any individuals, characters, etc. characters, etc. who suffer from who suffer from a mental illness?a mental illness?

•What are some What are some misconceptions about misconceptions about mental illness?mental illness?

•Organic Disorder – Caused Organic Disorder – Caused by a physical illness or an by a physical illness or an injury that affects the injury that affects the brain.brain.

•What are some What are some examples???examples???

Organic Disorder CausesOrganic Disorder Causes• Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as:Brain tumors, alcoholism, infections such as:• Syphilis – Syphilis – Bacterial STD that can have serious long-term effects like

paralysis, blindness and death.

• MeningitisMeningitis- Is a viral or bacterial disease caused by the - Is a viral or bacterial disease caused by the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the inflammation of the protective membranes covering the brain and spinal cord brain and spinal cord

• Lupus –Lupus – Autoimmune disease in which the immune system produces antibodies to cells within the body leading to widespread inflammation and tissue damage.

• StrokeStroke - - Occurs when the blood supply to the brain is blocked or when a blood vessel in the brain ruptures, causing brain tissue to die.

• Some are inherited Chemical imbalancesSome are inherited Chemical imbalances

Functional DisordersFunctional Disorders• May occur as the May occur as the

result of result of psychological causes psychological causes in which no clear in which no clear brain damage is brain damage is involved.involved.

• Result from Result from conditions such as conditions such as stress, emotional stress, emotional conflict, fear, or conflict, fear, or poor coping skills.poor coping skills.

• Chemical imbalances may also Chemical imbalances may also cause functional disorders.cause functional disorders.

• Four main categories: Anxiety Four main categories: Anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, disorders, somatoform disorders, affective disorders, personality affective disorders, personality disorders.disorders.

• Anxiety Disorder – An Anxiety Disorder – An illness in which real, illness in which real, imagined, or persistent imagined, or persistent fears prevent a person fears prevent a person from enjoying life.from enjoying life.

• Characterized by Characterized by continuous, chronic continuous, chronic anxiety.anxiety.

•Do you have any phobias???Do you have any phobias???

•Specific fears that are so Specific fears that are so strong, a person goes to strong, a person goes to extreme measures to avoid extreme measures to avoid the object or activity.the object or activity.

Anxiety Disorders:Anxiety Disorders:

• PhobiasPhobias

• Obsessive Compulsive DisorderObsessive Compulsive Disorder

• Panic DisorderPanic Disorder

• Post-Traumatic StressPost-Traumatic Stress

Somatoform Somatoform DisorderDisorder

•Describes an illness in which Describes an illness in which a person complains of a person complains of disease symptoms, but no disease symptoms, but no physical cause can be found.physical cause can be found.

•HypochondriaHypochondria•““MY GIRL”MY GIRL”

Affective DisorderAffective Disorder

• A mood disorder often A mood disorder often with an organic cause with an organic cause that relates to emotions that relates to emotions and may involve mood and may involve mood swings or mood extremes swings or mood extremes that interfere with that interfere with everyday living.everyday living.

• Bipolar, DepressionBipolar, Depression

Personality DisordersPersonality Disorders

•A variety of psychological A variety of psychological conditions that affect a conditions that affect a person’s ability to get along person’s ability to get along with others.with others.

•““Me, Myself, & Irene”Me, Myself, & Irene”

• Antisocial Personality Antisocial Personality DisorderDisorder

• Passive-Aggressive Passive-Aggressive Personality DisorderPersonality Disorder

• SchizophreniaSchizophrenia

SuicideSuicide Chapter 9, Lesson Chapter 9, Lesson 22

•HistoryHistory•Risk FactorsRisk Factors•Signs of Suicidal BehaviorSigns of Suicidal Behavior•Ways to help prevent itWays to help prevent it

SuicideSuicide

•The taking of one’s own The taking of one’s own lifelife

•30,000 people every year30,000 people every year•The third leading cause The third leading cause

of death for teenagersof death for teenagers

•Why??? List reasonsWhy??? List reasons

According to the National Conference According to the National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL): of State Legislatures (NCSL):

• 19.3 percent of 19.3 percent of high school high school students have students have seriously seriously considered killing considered killing themselves. themselves.

• 14.5 percent of 14.5 percent of high school high school students made students made actual plans.actual plans.

• 900,000 youth 900,000 youth planned their planned their suicides during suicides during an episode of an episode of major major depression. depression.

Risk FactorsRisk Factors

• Divorce of parents. Divorce of parents. • Violence in the Violence in the

home. home. • Inability to find Inability to find

success at school. success at school. • Feelings of Feelings of

worthlessness. worthlessness.

• Rejection by Rejection by friends or peers. friends or peers.

• Substance abuse. Substance abuse. • Death of someone Death of someone

close to the close to the teenager. teenager.

• The suicide of a The suicide of a friend or someone friend or someone he or she "knows" he or she "knows" online. online.

DepressionDepression

• In 1997, more teens died from In 1997, more teens died from suicide than from cancer, heart suicide than from cancer, heart disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke disease, AIDS, birth defects, stroke and chronic lung disease combined.and chronic lung disease combined.

• Feel hopeless, helpless and sadnessFeel hopeless, helpless and sadness• Problems, pressureProblems, pressure• Feel overwhelmedFeel overwhelmed• Alone, isolatedAlone, isolated

What are some Warning What are some Warning Signs?Signs?

• WithdrawalWithdrawal• Drop in gradesDrop in grades• Giving away stuffGiving away stuff• Taking more risks / doesn’t seem to careTaking more risks / doesn’t seem to care• In a happier mood all of a suddenIn a happier mood all of a sudden• Drug and alcohol abuseDrug and alcohol abuse• Cluster Suicides – several suicides Cluster Suicides – several suicides

occurring around the same time and occurring around the same time and place.place.

How can you prevent this How can you prevent this from happening to someone from happening to someone

you know?you know?• Talk to themTalk to them• Most problems are temporaryMost problems are temporary• Don’t leave them aloneDon’t leave them alone• Help them talk to someone Help them talk to someone • Don’t ignore signs or keep it a secretDon’t ignore signs or keep it a secret

• A medical Doctor who specializes A medical Doctor who specializes in diagnosing and treating mental in diagnosing and treating mental disorders and can prescribe disorders and can prescribe medication???medication???

PsychiatristPsychiatrist

• Psychotherapy – Dialogue Psychotherapy – Dialogue between patient and between patient and psychiatrist.psychiatrist.

• Psychoanalysis – An analysis Psychoanalysis – An analysis of patient’s past.of patient’s past.

• Medical Psychotherapy – Use Medical Psychotherapy – Use combination of meds. And combination of meds. And therapy.therapy.

NeurologistNeurologist

• Is a specialist that Is a specialist that deals with deals with Organic Organic Disorders Disorders of the brain of the brain and nervous system.and nervous system.

• May perform surgery if May perform surgery if necessarynecessary

Clinical PsychologistClinical Psychologist

• Diagnoses and treats Diagnoses and treats emotional and behavioral emotional and behavioral disorders.disorders.

• CannotCannot prescribe prescribe medicationmedication

• Practices basic counseling, Practices basic counseling, therapy, and can test for therapy, and can test for certain mental disorderscertain mental disorders

CounselorsCounselors

• School, Pastoral, Addiction School, Pastoral, Addiction

• Usually help young people in Usually help young people in personal or educational matterspersonal or educational matters

• Have a Master’s degreeHave a Master’s degree

Psychiatric Social Psychiatric Social WorkerWorker

• Usually works in mental hospitals or Usually works in mental hospitals or mental health clinics.mental health clinics.

• May work for a family service May work for a family service agency that aids clients who have agency that aids clients who have emotional problems.emotional problems.

• Usually have a Master’s degreeUsually have a Master’s degree