Increase in Enfranchisement Voting before the 1820s = white
male property owners or taxpayers Voting after 1820 = all white
males 1.New states entering the Union included the new voting
requirements in their states constitution 2. Older states changed
their voting laws to hopefully prevent citizens from leaving their
states and moving westward
Slide 6
Conservatives Resist ConservativesForces of Democratization No
better is this resistance to democratization illustrated than the
Dorr Rebellion Important Facts: 1.Rhode Island 2.Thomas L. Dorr
3.Peoples Party 4.Old vs. New State Govt 5.Rebellion failed but
forced changes
Slide 7
Second Party System Emerges Ideological commitment Party system
was closed off to the elite Parties were set on destroying the
other Federalists vs. Republicans The idea of party needed to be
institutionalized The population at large needed to participate
Preservation of party through loyalty and favors was most important
Permanent opposition was key to a partys survival Whigs vs.
Democrats
Slide 8
The Development of the Second Party System
Slide 9
FEDERALISTS REPUBLICANS (Democratic- Republicans)
Slide 10
FEDERALISTS REPUBLICANS (Democratic- Republicans)
Slide 11
REPUBLICANS (Democratic-Republicans)
Slide 12
REPUBLICANS (Democratic-Republicans)
Slide 13
NATIONAL- REPUBLICANS DEMOCRATIC- REPUBLICANS
Slide 14
WHIGS DEMOCRATS (Still exists today)
Slide 15
Democracy Increased or Limited? We need to expand the
opportunities to the rising classes of the West and South. Lets
first target the entrenched federal officeholders and open those
positions to everyone. Jackson was sometimes referred to as the
President of the Common Man Lead to
Slide 16
Democracy Increased or Limited? We need to make the process of
how Presidential candidates are chosen more democratic. My
supporters tell me that national party conventions will give more
power to the people. Jackson was sometimes referred to as the
President of the Common Man Some feel this lead to
Slide 17
Our Federal Union
Slide 18
Jacksons Goal Reduce the power of the National Government While
at the same time Assert the supremacy of the Union
Slide 19
Jacksons Administration John C. Calhoun From South Carolina
Jacksons Vice President Stirred up trouble with Theory of
Nullification Further isolated himself as a result of the Peggy
Eaton Affair Martin Van Buren From New York Jacksons Secretary of
State Member of Jacksons official as well his Kitchen Cabinet
Accepted Peggy Eaton and became Jacksons successor John H. Eaton
From Tennessee Jacksons Secretary of War Married Peggy Eaton which
stirred up the political world of Washington
Slide 20
A Line is Drawn An argument between the sale of Western lands
quickly morphed into a debate between States Rights versus National
Power (Webster Hayne Debate) Our Federal UnionIt must be preserved.
The Union, next to our liberty most dear. A very important
toast
Slide 21
The Nullification Crisis South Carolina was furious over the
1828 tariff of abominations When the a new tariff was passed in
1832, S.C. called a convention and nullified the tariffs Jackson
insisted nullification was treason A.J. proposed a force bill
authorizing the president to use the military to ensure acts of
Congress were obeyed Violence was averted thanks to Henry Clays
Compromise The tariff would be lowered gradually Jackson signed
both the compromise and the force bill; S.C. repealed the
nullification of the tariffs but nullified the force act
Slide 22
Discussion Question(s): Was nullification a success? What did
it prove?
Slide 23
The Removal of the Indians
Slide 24
Attitudes Shift MMMM LAND White Americans White Americans
craved more territory Native Americans were seen as an obstacle for
whites desiring to move West The Marshall Court gave the federal
government the authority to negotiate with the tribes over land The
Black Hawk War showed the horrific lengths white Americans were
willing to go to expel Indians from the western lands
Slide 25
Removing the Five Civilized Tribes These states were becoming
impatient with the delay of removing the agrarian tribes from their
lands The federal government assisted by passing the Removal Act
The Removal Act Appropriated money to finance federal negotiations
with the southern tribes aimed at relocating them to the West
Slide 26
Trail of Tears Treaty with the Cherokees Georgia would get the
tribes land Cherokee received $5 million and a reservation west of
the Mississippi River Several Indians refused to go and as a
result, Andrew Jackson sent in 7,000 troops under General Winfield
Scott to force them out The result was the Trail of Tears, which
resulted in the deaths of thousands of Native Americans Now the
Native Americans are beyond the reach of injury or oppression
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
Discussion Questions: Were there any alternatives to the
removal of the Native Americans? If not, why do you think? If so,
could they have worked?
Slide 30
Jackson and the Bank War Jackson The Bank of the U.S.
Slide 31
Nicholas Biddle President of the Second Bank of the United
States and made it prosperous
Slide 32
Opposition to the Second B.U.S. Soft Money Advocates Wanted
more currency in circulation meaning they wanted more bank notes
(not backed by gold or silver) to be issued Stated the B.U.S.
restrained state banks from issuing notes freely Hard Money
Advocates Believed gold and silver were the only basis for money
Condemned all banks who issued bank notes Were suspicious of
expansion Believed in rapid economic growth
Slide 33
Battle for the Bank JACKSON BIDDLE VS. ROUND 1 Stated he would
not favor the renewing of the Banks charter when it expired in 1836
Was influenced by Henry Clay & Daniel Webster to apply to
Congress in 1832 for the Banks renewal It would force the Bank to
become a major issue in the 1832 election Congress rechartered the
Bank As expected, Jackson vetoed the bill; Congress was unable to
overturn the veto
Slide 34
ROUND 2: The Knockout Punch Jackson could not abolish the bank
He attempted other means to destroy the monster I cant wait until
1836 for that Monster Bank to expire!! Remove all the governments
deposits Sec. of Treasury Louis McLane Ummm President Jackson, I am
pretty sure that will destabilize the financial system so I cant do
that.
Slide 35
ROUND 2: The Knockout Punch Jackson could not abolish the bank
He attempted other means to destroy the monster YOURE FIRED!!!!!
Sec. of Treasury Louis McLane
Slide 36
ROUND 2: The Knockout Punch Jackson could not abolish the bank
He attempted other means to destroy the monster Congrats on the new
positionby the way I want you to remove all the governments
deposits from the Bank of the U.S. New Sec. of Treasury William
Duane Ummm President Jackson, I really cant do that. It would be
bad.
Slide 37
ROUND 2: The Knockout Punch Jackson could not abolish the bank
He attempted other means to destroy the monster YOURE FIRED!!!!!
New Sec. of Treasury William Duane
Slide 38
ROUND 2: The Knockout Punch Jackson could not abolish the bank
He attempted other means to destroy the monster Attorney General
Taney, my good friend and ally congrats on the new position in my
cabinetnow about removing those government deposits??? New Sec. of
Treasury Roger Taney You got it A.J.!!!!!
Slide 39
One Last Effort by Biddle Ok JacksonIm not going away so easy.
With the governments deposits being removed to pet banks, Biddle
called in loans This caused financial distress People went to
Jackson for help but he stood firm and told them to Go to Biddle
Biddle relented and due to his unpopular tactics lost support for
rechartering the Bank
Slide 40
Do you agree with this political cartoon?
Slide 41
Goodbye Marshall; Hello Taney When John Marshall died in 1835,
Jackson appointed his friend Roger B. Taney as the new Chief
Justice of the Supreme Court This caused a shift from the previous
ultra-nationalistic rulings during the Marshall Court Dartmouth
College v. Woodward (1819) Impact / Ruling: placed restrictions on
the ability of state govts to control corporations Charles River
Bridge v. Warren Bridge (1837) Impact / Ruling: supported
Massachusetts right to issue the second charter SHIFT
Slide 42
The object of government was to promote the general happiness,
an object that took precedence over the rights of contract and
property.
Slide 43
The Changing Face of American Politics
Slide 44
Emphasis on Opportunity Defend the Union Rallied behind Jackson
Economic Union Fearful of rapid Territorial growth Embraced
industry as the future of the country Loyalties divided among the
Great Triumvirate Supported Jacksons choice, Martin Van Buren, in
the 1836 election Anti-Masons
Slide 45
And the winner is
Slide 46
Martin Van Buren Thanks for your support A.J.!!!!!!!!!!! Van B
Boys
Slide 47
What did Van Buren inherit?? The federal government was selling
Western lands in great amounts Speculators bought land in such bulk
that the federal government paid off their debt and even had a
surplus A. Hamilton NOOOOOOO!!!!!!!! Give it to the states The
Distribution Act There was a nationwide economic boom
Slide 48
I loathe Paper currency!!!!!!!!! Before leaving office, A.J.
issued a presidential order, the specie circular Only gold or
silver coins for payment for public lands A.J. thought it would
curb land speculation Led to the Panic of 1837
Slide 49
Slide 50
Panic of 1837 Worst depression in the U.S. up to that point
Banks failed Unemployment rose
Slide 51
Van Burens Response Uh what do you want me to do??? Van Buren
did nothing because he strongly opposed government intervention The
Panic of 1837 spelled disaster for Van Buren Van Buren was able to
get the Independent Treasury passed U.S. Federal Govt Banks Martin
Van Buren
Slide 52
Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren for the Democrats William
Henry Harrison for the Whigs Log Cabin Campaign Whigs were more
united Democrats had no answer to these campaign strategies
Slide 53
Election of 1840 Martin Van Buren for the Democrats William
Henry Harrison for the Whigs 60 Electoral Votes 234 Electoral
Votes
Slide 54
William Henry Harrisons Inauguration Speech Shouldnt he be
wearing a coat??? ITS FREEZING OUT!!!!!!!!!!!!
Slide 55
One month later
Slide 56
William Henry Harrison
Slide 57
Tyler Takes Over John Tyler Was a former Democrat Destroyed Van
Burens independent treasury Said no to Clays proposal to recharter
the B.U.S. Vetoed several internal improvement bills Whigs broke
ties with Tyler His cabinet resigned (except Sec. of State Daniel
Webster) The Caroline Affair Webster-Ashburton Treaty Treaty of
Wang Hya
