Chapter 101 Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform 1824-1840 THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS THE BANK CONTROVERSY

chapter 10 chapter 10 11

Democratic Politics, Religious Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform 1824-Revival, and Reform 1824-18401840

THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICSTHE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICSTHE BANK CONTROVERSY & THE 2THE BANK CONTROVERSY & THE 2NDND PARTY SYSTEMPARTY SYSTEMTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGIONTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGIONTHE AGE OF REFORMTHE AGE OF REFORM


1.1. In what ways had American politics become In what ways had American politics become more democratic by 1840 than at the time of more democratic by 1840 than at the time of Jefferson’s election in 1800Jefferson’s election in 1800

2.2. What factors explain Andrew Jackson’s What factors explain Andrew Jackson’s popularity?How did his policies contribute to popularity?How did his policies contribute to the rise of the Whig Party?the rise of the Whig Party?

3.3. How did the Panic of 1837 and its aftermath How did the Panic of 1837 and its aftermath solidify the Democratic & Whig partiessolidify the Democratic & Whig parties

4.4. What new assumptions about human nature What new assumptions about human nature lay behind the religious and reform lay behind the religious and reform movements of the periodmovements of the period

(Chapter 10)(Chapter 10)First State Election in MichiganFirst State Election in Michigan


THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICSTHE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS 1824-1840: 1824-1840: Democratic FermentDemocratic Ferment

Substitution of poll tax for propertySubstitution of poll tax for propertyWritten ballot replaced calling out loudWritten ballot replaced calling out loudAppointive office more electiveAppointive office more electiveWar between Republicans & FederalistsWar between Republicans & Federalists

Grand barbecues to woo voters Grand barbecues to woo voters Parties relied on caucus Parties relied on caucus (conference of party members)(conference of party members) to to nominate candidatesnominate candidatesExcluded women & disenfranchised free Excluded women & disenfranchised free blacksblacks

(Chapter 10)(Chapter 10) First State Election in First State Election in MichiganMichigan

This painting, the first of a frontier This painting, the first of a frontier election, depicts the voting in Detroit for Michigan's election, depicts the voting in Detroit for Michigan's governor in 1837. The voting took place in a large governor in 1837. The voting took place in a large field near city hall (the red building); there were no field near city hall (the red building); there were no neighborhood voting places. The Democratic neighborhood voting places. The Democratic candidate and eventual winner, Stevens T. Mason, candidate and eventual winner, Stevens T. Mason, is shown in the left center, dressed in a black top hat is shown in the left center, dressed in a black top hat and coat with gray pants and handing a supporter a and coat with gray pants and handing a supporter a ballot with Mason's name on it, to be deposited in ballot with Mason's name on it, to be deposited in the box in front of city hall. Behind Mason a small the box in front of city hall. Behind Mason a small African-American boy hands a piece of paper, most African-American boy hands a piece of paper, most likely another Mason ballot, to a voter. Mason was likely another Mason ballot, to a voter. Mason was accused of buying votes. Whether or not he did, the accused of buying votes. Whether or not he did, the universal practice of candidates handing ballots universal practice of candidates handing ballots directly to supporters invited fraud. Clustered around directly to supporters invited fraud. Clustered around Mason are Irish-born voters, immigrants who had Mason are Irish-born voters, immigrants who had come to Detroit to work on public projects. The artist come to Detroit to work on public projects. The artist portrays the Irish as shabbily dressed. They seem portrays the Irish as shabbily dressed. They seem indifferent to the issues and perhaps not entirely indifferent to the issues and perhaps not entirely sober. sober.

The right side of the painting conveys a The right side of the painting conveys a very different impression. Here the citizens are well-very different impression. Here the citizens are well-dressed and sober. A Mason banner with the dressed and sober. A Mason banner with the Jacksonian slogan "No Monopoly" flutters in the Jacksonian slogan "No Monopoly" flutters in the wind, while figures that Detroiters would instantly wind, while figures that Detroiters would instantly recognize as the city's leading Democrat and Whig recognize as the city's leading Democrat and Whig newspaper editors debate the issues.newspaper editors debate the issues.

1. In your view, what overall impression of frontier elections was the artist trying to convey? Was he suggesting that only men of property debated the issues and that the rest of the voters arrived at the polling place to sell their votes? Would it be fair to say that balloting was a much more public affair then than now?

2. What does this painting suggest about immigrant involvement in politics.


DEMOCRATIZATION: Election of 1824DEMOCRATIZATION: Election of 1824 Era of Good Feelings ended due to Era of Good Feelings ended due to

sectional tensionssectional tensions 5 candidates: all Democratic-REpublican5 candidates: all Democratic-REpublican1.1. J Q Adams: won but accused…J Q Adams: won but accused…2.2. JC Calhoun: ran as VP insteadJC Calhoun: ran as VP instead3.3. William Crawford: had a strokeWilliam Crawford: had a stroke4.4. Henry Clay: gave support to AdamsHenry Clay: gave support to Adams5.5. A Jackson: lostA Jackson: lost


DEMOCRATIZATION: J Q Adams as Pres.DEMOCRATIZATION: J Q Adams as Pres. His mistakes: single termed pres.His mistakes: single termed pres.

1.1. proposed federal aid for internal proposed federal aid for internal improvement: unconstitutional by strict improvement: unconstitutional by strict JeffersoniansJeffersonians

2.2. Proposed sending US delegates to Latin Proposed sending US delegates to Latin America: angered southerners who America: angered southerners who disliked black Haitidisliked black Haiti


DEMOCRATIZATION: A Jackson rises DEMOCRATIZATION: A Jackson rises Hot temper, a penchant for duels, fought Hot temper, a penchant for duels, fought

as a boy in the Revolution as a boy in the Revolution Old hickory led new party (shape by V. Old hickory led new party (shape by V.

Buren’s vision) called the Democratic Buren’s vision) called the Democratic PartyParty

Dem. Party against Adams’ National Dem. Party against Adams’ National Republican (new name)Republican (new name)

The 2The 2ndnd American party system takes American party system takes shapeshape

Map Map 10.1: 10.1: The The Election Election of 1828of 1828


DEMOCRATIZATION: The Election of 1828 DEMOCRATIZATION: The Election of 1828 Mudslinging campaign: Jackson victorMudslinging campaign: Jackson victor Nat’l Republicans called JacksonNat’l Republicans called Jackson

Drunken gambler, adulterer, & murdererDrunken gambler, adulterer, & murderer Illiterate backwoodsman, the common manIlliterate backwoodsman, the common man

The Dem. Party called AdamsThe Dem. Party called Adams Wearing silk underwear, being rich, being Wearing silk underwear, being rich, being

in debt, pimped his wife to the Tzar for in debt, pimped his wife to the Tzar for favorsfavors


DEMOCRATIZATION: Jackson on office DEMOCRATIZATION: Jackson on office Spoils system: he removed officeholders Spoils system: he removed officeholders

of rival party as response to anti-of rival party as response to anti-corruptioncorruption

Opened gates to partisan appointmentsOpened gates to partisan appointments Supported tariffs (South’s fury) and Supported tariffs (South’s fury) and

internal improvements (not projects in internal improvements (not projects in states)states)

Indian Removal ActIndian Removal Act 1830 1830 made him popular made him popular


DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification Tariff issue caused rift between Jackson Tariff issue caused rift between Jackson

& J C Calhoun& J C Calhoun Calhoun was a nationalist during 1812 Calhoun was a nationalist during 1812

but became states’ rights sectionalist by but became states’ rights sectionalist by 18261826

Vying for presidency by siding w/ Vying for presidency by siding w/ southerners who hated tariffssoutherners who hated tariffs


DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification In “In “SC Exposition and ProtestSC Exposition and Protest,” he argued,” he argued

Tariffs = unconstitutional ‘cause it doesn’t Tariffs = unconstitutional ‘cause it doesn’t benefit all states & states can nullify this lawbenefit all states & states can nullify this law

Underlying fear: N. might pass law to end Underlying fear: N. might pass law to end slavery (Nat Turner in 1831, Garrison’s The slavery (Nat Turner in 1831, Garrison’s The Liberator)Liberator)

Jackson responded: Slightly lowered tariffs & Jackson responded: Slightly lowered tariffs & distributed revenue to states, but Calhoun distributed revenue to states, but Calhoun feared that would keep tariffs foreverfeared that would keep tariffs forever


DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification Jackson vs. Calhoun: overt frictionJackson vs. Calhoun: overt friction1.1. C’s wife & friends snubbed Eatons, who C’s wife & friends snubbed Eatons, who

were friends of Jwere friends of J2.2. J found out that C, as secretary of war J found out that C, as secretary of war

under Monroe, urged that J be punished under Monroe, urged that J be punished for his unauthorized raid in Spanish FLfor his unauthorized raid in Spanish FL

3.3. J viewed nullification as abominable & J viewed nullification as abominable & unconstitutional due to “single nation”unconstitutional due to “single nation”


DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification DEMOCRATIZATION: nullification J signed the Compromise Tariff: gradual J signed the Compromise Tariff: gradual

lowering of tariffs but Force Bill allows lowering of tariffs but Force Bill allows pres. To use arms to collect customspres. To use arms to collect customs

SC rescinded its nullification tariff of SC rescinded its nullification tariff of 1828 & 18321828 & 1832

Henry Clay as architect of Compromise Henry Clay as architect of Compromise & known as the Great Compromiser& known as the Great Compromiser

Jackson against bank’s director Jackson against bank’s director Nicholas BiddleNicholas Biddle



DEMOCRATIZATION: Bank Veto & Election of DEMOCRATIZATION: Bank Veto & Election of 18321832

J vetoed Bank of the US (vehicle for J vetoed Bank of the US (vehicle for privileges & corruption)privileges & corruption)

Bank: creditor of state banks, invoke Bank: creditor of state banks, invoke hostility be demanding redemption in hostility be demanding redemption in species; 35 M in revenue w/ private species; 35 M in revenue w/ private citizens as stockholders, in Phila not DCcitizens as stockholders, in Phila not DC

J ran w/ V Buren against H Clay (NR)J ran w/ V Buren against H Clay (NR) J won & dismantled the BankJ won & dismantled the Bank


BANK CONTROVERSY & 2BANK CONTROVERSY & 2NDND PARYT PARYT SYSTEM, 1833-1840SYSTEM, 1833-1840

J’s banking policy: moved fed. deposits J’s banking policy: moved fed. deposits to state banks. State to state banks. State

1.1. led to rise of the Whig Partyled to rise of the Whig Party2.2. Stimulated popular interest in politicsStimulated popular interest in politics3.3. Led to economic slumpLed to economic slump J’s policy caused faction in his Dem J’s policy caused faction in his Dem

party: soft money vs. hard money (NY’ party: soft money vs. hard money (NY’ Locofocos “workies”Locofocos “workies”

supported supported Andrew Jackson and Van Buren and Van Buren For free trade, greater circulation of For free trade, greater circulation of specie, legal protections for labor , legal protections for labor

unions unions against paper money, financial speculation, and state banks.against paper money, financial speculation, and state banks.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Jackson

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money

Attack on Jackson’s bank policies: Attack on Jackson’s bank policies: worthless banknote, donkey, hickory worthless banknote, donkey, hickory leaf, Cunning Reuben = anit-semitic?leaf, Cunning Reuben = anit-semitic?


Political PartiesPolitical Parties

04/21/2304/21/23 AP PlanningAP Planning 2626

22ndnd Party System Party System

Nat’l Republican Whig Nat’l Republican Whig South (base of Democratic turned South (base of Democratic turned

Whig)Whig) Unhappy w/ Jackson’s nullification Unhappy w/ Jackson’s nullification

solution, bank removal, suspicion solution, bank removal, suspicion for internal improvementfor internal improvement

North turned to Whig due to North turned to Whig due to reformersreformers

1.1. Whig committed to Clay’s Amer. Whig committed to Clay’s Amer. SystemSystem

2.2. Gov’t should help in reform: Gov’t should help in reform: education, abolition, temperanceeducation, abolition, temperance

3.3. Anti-MasonryAnti-Masonry

Democrat Tory = Democr Democrat Tory = Democr Old Hickory led D. PartyOld Hickory led D. Party Shaped by Van BurenShaped by Van Buren Ran against Q. Adam’s Nat’l Ran against Q. Adam’s Nat’l

RepublicanRepublican Tariff caused rift between Tariff caused rift between

Jackson & CalhounJackson & Calhoun Rift caused by soft vs. hard Rift caused by soft vs. hard

moneymoney NY’s LocofocosNY’s Locofocos

Calhoun = nationalist in Calhoun = nationalist in 1812 but turned sectionalist 1812 but turned sectionalist by 1826by 1826

Vying for presidency on Vying for presidency on states’ rightsstates’ rights



BANK CONTROVERSY & 2BANK CONTROVERSY & 2NDND PARYT PARYT SYSTEM, Election of 1836SYSTEM, Election of 1836

1.1. Martin Van Buren “J’s favorite” wonMartin Van Buren “J’s favorite” won2.2. Whig’s candidates: W. H. Harrison, Whig’s candidates: W. H. Harrison,

Daniel Webster, WP. Mangum, & Hugh Daniel Webster, WP. Mangum, & Hugh LawsonLawson


BANK CONTROVERSY & 2BANK CONTROVERSY & 2NDND PARYT PARYT SYSTEM, Panic of 1837SYSTEM, Panic of 1837

1.1. Martin Van Buren came to office but then panic hit due to Martin Van Buren came to office but then panic hit due to over speculation (J’s removal policy)over speculation (J’s removal policy)

2.2. Depression made poor receptive to William Miller (end of Depression made poor receptive to William Miller (end of the world imminent)the world imminent)

3.3. Int’l & domestic cause: J issued Int’l & domestic cause: J issued Specie CircularSpecie Circular1.1. public lands must be paid in speciepublic lands must be paid in specie2.2. caused banks to stop issuing notes that fueled boom = caused banks to stop issuing notes that fueled boom =

Neck-breaking change that ended boom & caused panic of Neck-breaking change that ended boom & caused panic of 18371837

3.3. Britain limited outflow of its own species to USBritain limited outflow of its own species to US4.4. Van Buren, as pres. = Divorce Bill = divorce gov’t from Van Buren, as pres. = Divorce Bill = divorce gov’t from

banking = bad medicinebanking = bad medicine5.5. Independent Treasury Bill Passed in Congress 1840 but Independent Treasury Bill Passed in Congress 1840 but

Whigs repealed next yearWhigs repealed next year


BANK CONTROVERSY & 2BANK CONTROVERSY & 2NDND PARYT PARYT SYSTEM, Election of 1840SYSTEM, Election of 1840

1.1. Martin Van Buren lost to Whig’s Harrison Martin Van Buren lost to Whig’s Harrison (67 yrs)(67 yrs)

2.2. Democrats attacked Harrison as “Old Democrats attacked Harrison as “Old Granny” in log cabin sipping ciderGranny” in log cabin sipping cider

1.1. Became potent campaign symbolBecame potent campaign symbol2.2. ““rugged frontierman” Hero of Tippecanoerugged frontierman” Hero of Tippecanoe

Map Map 10.2: 10.2: The The Election Election of 1840of 1840


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: 2THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: 2NDND The 2The 2ndnd Great Awakening (CT 1790) Great Awakening (CT 1790) Changes as popularity grew on frontierChanges as popularity grew on frontier

Jerking, barking “frontier frenzy”Jerking, barking “frontier frenzy” Methodist became successful in WestMethodist became successful in West

Became largest Protestant denominationBecame largest Protestant denomination Prefered camp meetings; distained Prefered camp meetings; distained

settled ministrysettled ministry Promoted law, order, and moralityPromoted law, order, and morality


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Eastern THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Eastern

Charles G. Finney, lawyer turned minister Charles G. Finney, lawyer turned minister “father of modern revivalism”“father of modern revivalism”

He rejected Calvinism; asserted that He rejected Calvinism; asserted that people can will out of sin: evangelical people can will out of sin: evangelical

People could make themselves of what People could make themselves of what they choose: “self-made”they choose: “self-made”

Recruited womenRecruited women


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Critics THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Critics

Unitarians (critics): Jesus not fully divineUnitarians (critics): Jesus not fully divine Attracted wealthy and educatedAttracted wealthy and educated Called revivals as “uncouth emotional Called revivals as “uncouth emotional

exhibitions”exhibitions” Believed in character building through Believed in character building through

emulation of Jesus rather than emotionemulation of Jesus rather than emotion


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Mormon THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Mormon Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus Joseph Smith founded the Church of Jesus

Christ of Later-Day SaintsChrist of Later-Day Saints Claimed he discovered new revelation; Claimed he discovered new revelation;

undermined authority of the Bible; called undermined authority of the Bible; called himself 2himself 2ndnd Mohammad Mohammad

Sanctioned multiple wivesSanctioned multiple wives Followers moved WestFollowers moved West Responded by poor and IndiansResponded by poor and Indians


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Shaker THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION: Shaker Founded by Mother Ann Lee (illiterate)Founded by Mother Ann Lee (illiterate) Called the United Society of Believers in Called the United Society of Believers in

christ’s Second Appearingchrist’s Second Appearing ““Shaker” derived fr. Convulsive ceremonial Shaker” derived fr. Convulsive ceremonial

dancesdances Evils of sexual relations/ followers abstained Evils of sexual relations/ followers abstained

fr. Sex caused extinctionfr. Sex caused extinction Hostile to materialism (but great artisan); Hostile to materialism (but great artisan);

God both male & femaleGod both male & female

Map 10.3: Religious and Map 10.3: Religious and Utopian Communities, Utopian Communities,

1800–18451800–1845


THE AGE OF REFORMER : War on LiquorTHE AGE OF REFORMER : War on LiquorTemperance (Lyman Beecher) due to Temperance (Lyman Beecher) due to Annual per capita consumption over 7 Annual per capita consumption over 7

gallonsgallons Distilled from surplus grainDistilled from surplus grain Victim of alcohol abuse: women & Victim of alcohol abuse: women &

childrenchildren Moral asuasion to legal prohibitionMoral asuasion to legal prohibition Factory owners jumped on bandwagonFactory owners jumped on bandwagon

(Chapter 10)(Chapter 10) Temperance Pledge Temperance PledgeThis engraving of a breadwinner about This engraving of a breadwinner about

to sign the pledge and join a temperance society to sign the pledge and join a temperance society underscores several important features of the underscores several important features of the movement. The engraving's publisher, identified at movement. The engraving's publisher, identified at the bottom, doubtless printed many copies, the bottom, doubtless printed many copies, intending them for sale to temperance societies and intending them for sale to temperance societies and eventual distribution to reformed drunkards, who eventual distribution to reformed drunkards, who would hang them on their walls, just as one might would hang them on their walls, just as one might frame and hang a diploma. To make temperance frame and hang a diploma. To make temperance attractive, the engraver included a bountiful fount in attractive, the engraver included a bountiful fount in the background, which suggests water as a the background, which suggests water as a cleansing and restorative alternative to alcohol. The cleansing and restorative alternative to alcohol. The reformed drunkard's wife and child are pointing the reformed drunkard's wife and child are pointing the way to him. Although clergymen actively supported way to him. Although clergymen actively supported the movement, the temperance officials on the left the movement, the temperance officials on the left clearly are not clergymen and the signing is not clearly are not clergymen and the signing is not occurring inside a church. This suggests that at a occurring inside a church. This suggests that at a time when drunkards were assumed to be male and time when drunkards were assumed to be male and church membership was mainly female, tying church membership was mainly female, tying temperance to church attendance would have temperance to church attendance would have slowed the movement. slowed the movement.

The dress of the participants reveals The dress of the participants reveals much about the movement. At first glance, the much about the movement. At first glance, the breadwinner appears to be well dressed, but closer breadwinner appears to be well dressed, but closer inspection indicates that there is a tear in his coat at inspection indicates that there is a tear in his coat at his left elbow and a pants patch on his right knee. his left elbow and a pants patch on his right knee. His hair needs help. In contrast, his wife's coiffure His hair needs help. In contrast, his wife's coiffure and dress suggest that she is a genteel lady, and and dress suggest that she is a genteel lady, and the impeccable and rather formal dress of the the impeccable and rather formal dress of the temperance officials mark them of gentlemen of temperance officials mark them of gentlemen of property and standing in the community. Thus, one property and standing in the community. Thus, one may conclude that alcohol caused the gentleman may conclude that alcohol caused the gentleman breadwinner to fall from grace. breadwinner to fall from grace.

1. Why was the image of the family as a nest of harmony and virtue becoming so attractive during the antebellum period?

2. Why were voluntary associations coming to have such a potent appeal during the antebellum period? What does the engraving suggest about the social reasons that might prompt someone to join a temperance society?

(Chapter 10)(Chapter 10) Temperance PledgeTemperance Pledge


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION:SchoolTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELIGION:School Saw schools in equipping children for Saw schools in equipping children for

industrial societiesindustrial societies Rural parents supportedRural parents supported Horace Mann: financial burden from parents Horace Mann: financial burden from parents

to stateto state Extended schools from a few months to 10 Extended schools from a few months to 10

monthsmonths Promote uniform cultural values and combat Promote uniform cultural values and combat

ignoranceignorance


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: abolitionTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: abolitionAmerican Colonization SocietyAmerican Colonization Society Little outrage against slavery;Little outrage against slavery; believed blacks as degraded race & believed blacks as degraded race &

should be shipped to Africashould be shipped to Africa Underestimated economic dependence Underestimated economic dependence

on slaveryon slaveryBlacks were the main abolitionist at firstBlacks were the main abolitionist at firstWilliam L Garrison, Frederick DouglassWilliam L Garrison, Frederick Douglass


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: abolitionTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: abolition Used language of revivals to describe Used language of revivals to describe

slavery as sinfulslavery as sinful Not cohesive force; Some disdained politics Not cohesive force; Some disdained politics

& excluded women& excluded women Garrison embraced women in movementGarrison embraced women in movement Tactic: Flood Congress w/ petitionsTactic: Flood Congress w/ petitions

Southerners issued gag rule to prevent Southerners issued gag rule to prevent discussions of antislavery until JQ Adams led to discussions of antislavery until JQ Adams led to its repeal in 1845its repeal in 1845 Distracted slavery issue to rights of free expressionDistracted slavery issue to rights of free expression


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: WomenTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: Women Grimke sisters, abolitionists, pushed for Grimke sisters, abolitionists, pushed for

women’ts rightswomen’ts rights Quaker Lucrat Mot & Lucy Stone & Abby Quaker Lucrat Mot & Lucy Stone & Abby

KelleyKelley Race and gender are unimportantRace and gender are unimportant Less impact than other reforms like Less impact than other reforms like

temperance & school, even abolition created temperance & school, even abolition created commotioncommotion

Voted in 1920, 55 yrs. After the 13Voted in 1920, 55 yrs. After the 13thth amendmentamendment


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: AyslumsTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION: Ayslums Efforts to combat poverty, crime, and Efforts to combat poverty, crime, and

insanityinsanity Penitentiary was created to substitute for Penitentiary was created to substitute for

parental discipline; solitary confinementparental discipline; solitary confinement Poor: from outdoor relief to indoor by Poor: from outdoor relief to indoor by

belief in remove them fr. Their belief in remove them fr. Their environmentenvironment


THE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION:UtopianTHE RISE OF POPULAR RELEGION:Utopian Robert Owen: pure environment shape Robert Owen: pure environment shape

people, cooperation better than people, cooperation better than competitioncompetition

Experimental communitiesExperimental communities Ralph Waldo Emerson was utopian but Ralph Waldo Emerson was utopian but Oneida community in NY practiced Oneida community in NY practiced

communism (also in marriage)communism (also in marriage) Extreme form of idealism Extreme form of idealism

Name ChangeName Change Federalist vs.Federalist vs.

J AdamsJ Adams

Democratic-RepublicanDemocratic-Republican TJ, J Madison, J MonroeTJ, J Madison, J Monroe

Democrat vs. National RepublicanDemocrat vs. National Republican Jackson vs. J Q Adams*Jackson vs. J Q Adams* Jackson * vs. H ClayJackson * vs. H Clay

Democrat vs. Whig (Democrat vs. Whig (was Nat’l Republicanwas Nat’l Republican)) M Van Buren* vs. M Van Buren* vs. D Webster, Harrison, Mangum, LawsonD Webster, Harrison, Mangum, Lawson

M V Buren vs. Harrison* (J Tyler)M V Buren vs. Harrison* (J Tyler)

Democrat vs. Republican (was Whig)Democrat vs. Republican (was Whig) James Polk: DJames Polk: D Z Taylor: WZ Taylor: W Millard Fillmore: WMillard Fillmore: W F Pierce: DF Pierce: D James Buchanan: DJames Buchanan: D A. Lincoln: W (Andrew Johnson: D)A. Lincoln: W (Andrew Johnson: D) U. Grant: RU. Grant: R R. Hayes: RR. Hayes: R Garfield: RGarfield: R

Documents

Chapter 101 Democratic Politics, Religious Revival, and Reform 1824-1840 THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS THE RISE OF DEMOCRATIC POLITICS THE BANK CONTROVERSY