Chapter 9 The Politics of Nation Building After the War of 1812

Arguments over Change-The growth in the geography of the United States, and the changes in the economy led to political disagreements

-Manufacturers, farmers, merchants, and wage workers all saw needs for change in policy and law from different perspectives

-The nation was operating under a single party system, meaning all members were of the same party - yet this did not mean there was harmony in policy making

The Era of Good Feelings-The idea that politics were harmonious and easy during this time - the Era of Good Feelings - under the presidency of James Monroe ( 2 terms) is not so

-Individuals and groups fought behind the scenes for the advantage

-No pubic accountability no popular approval - no one is interest in politics at the time

-The federal government is able to accomplish some change though

The Republicans in Power-The Federalist party was gone from politics - unable to win elections

-The Republicans were in complete power

-Some of these political leaders started taking up the policies of their rivals

-The reestablishment of the National Bank, tariffs to protect industry, financial support for internal improvements for the nation

The American System-Henry Clay wanted to help economic development with high protective tariffs to stimulate industrial growth

-The British were trying to flood the market with goods to dominate trade by being cheaper - this tariff made the goods more expensive

-This is the beginnings of the American System or the desire to be free of European goods

-Combined with the Second Bank of the United States it allowed for growth

Monroe as President-James Monroe served two terms in office with very little opposition

-He was very qualified but was not imaginative for his office

-He held the optimism and harmony of the day and chose to ignore the controversy

-He let Congress deal with crisis and pass legislation to make change, and the public seemed more than happy to let that happen as well

The Missouri Compromise-1817 the Missouri Territory applied for statehood

-This application brought the questions in regards to slave states and population counting for resprestionation to Congress for discussion

-Northerners resented that the South was able to dominate the House through the use of counting of slaves and that many Presidents had been Southerners

-Southerners wanted to protect the balance of power for future statehoods because the North was growing faster than the South in population

The Missouri Compromise-Congress began to battle over whether to allow Missouri statehood and if slavery should be allowed within its borders

-Maine was also trying to break away from Massachusetts at the time which provided balance

-February of 1820 the Senate passed the Missouri Compromise, allowing Missouri to be a slave state, Maine a free state -

-Slavery would be prohibited in the rest of the Louisiana Purchase lands north of the southern border of Missouri

The Supreme Court-While Congress was dealing with sectional differences the Supreme Court was making their own contributions

-John Marshall provided strong leadership as the chief justice and helped give shape to the Constitution and clarified the role of the Court

-He saw the role of the court to interpret and enforce the Constitution to spur economic development and protect the rights of the individual

Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819)-New Hampshire wanted to convert Dartmouth from a private college to a private university

-Daniel Webster argued to support the college to remain private because their charter was created to be private

-Ruling in favor of the college Marshall protected contracts between states and individuals

McCulloch v Maryland (1819)-The state of Maryland had issued taxes on the Baltimore branch of the Bank of the United States

-THe Marshall court issued the ruling of the tax being unconstitutional because the bank was a part of the federal government and states could not tax any agency or institution created by the federal government

Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)-A steamboat company tried to control the ferry boat business between New York and New Jersey

-A competing company challenged the state of New York supporting only one company operating on the Hudson River

-The court ruled that New York could not regulate between states because only Congress ruled over interstate commerce

Foreign Affairs-Latin America revolts against Spain and take independence

-The United States eventually recognizes their neighboring republics but remained neutral to the issues

-This neutrality led eventually to the Monroe Doctrine (1823) which declared that the United States opposed any further colonization in the Americas or any effort by European nations to extend their politically systems outside their own hemisphere

Foreign Affairs-The United States also swore that they would not involve themselves in the internal affairs of Europe or take part in European wars

-This sets the precedent of the Americas being independent republics and democracies