Chapter 8 Socio-Economic Baseline - BP€¦ · Chapter 8 Socio-Economic Baseline. ... agricultural private and public sectors. Sector % of population ... houses of culture,

Chapter 8 Socio-Economic Baseline

Section 8.1 PAC Leader Survey, 2016

WREP Sectional Replacement Project, Georgia Environmental and Social Baseline Report

Environmental and Social Baseline Report 1 August 2016

1 INTRODUCTION This report presents information about the current socio-economic conditions, and those that are expected to occur, within the vicinity of the WREP-SR project. The purpose of the baseline description is to:

• Document the current conditions and trends • Identify and evaluate key issues • Enable the assessment and evaluation of potential socio-economic impacts of

the project • Assist in the definition of mitigation measures designed to eliminate or minimise

adverse socio-economic impacts.

The data apply to the project-affected communities (PACs) in the vicinity of locations where WREP-SR activities will be implemented as it is at this local level that the majority of the impacts are expected to occur. PACs are defined as settlements within, or encroaching upon:

• 2km of the proposed centreline of the pipeline Right of Way (ROW) • 300m of a proposed access road.

Communities meeting the PAC criteria are identified in Table 1.

Table 1: Project Affected Communities (PACs)

Region/city District/city Territorial Organ PACs Nearest Section

(or Access Road) Tbilisi Tbilisi

Gldani

Village Gldani RR-001 & ARs

Gldanula RR-001 & ARs

Avchala 2 RR-001 & ARs

Mtskheta-Mtianeti Mtskheta Tshvaritchamia Mamkoda RR-001 & ARs

Imereti Sachkhere Korbouli

Shomakheti AR to PRS1

Korbouli AR to PRS1

Chiatura Mandaeti

Mandaeti AR 223

Tkemlovana RR-004a

Sveri Sveri RR-004a

Nigozeti

Tskalshavi AR to PRS1

Usakhelo AR to PRS1

Zeda Beretisa AR to PRS1

Guria Lanchkhuti Supsa

Khidmaghala Supsa crossing

Grigoleti Supsa crossing

Ghrmaghele Tskaltsminda Supsa crossing



2 PAC-LEADER SURVEY During February 2016, ACT Research undertook a series of PAC leader interviews using a pre-prepared, semi-structured set of questions covering issues such as population, employment, incomes and infrastructure and facilities in the individual PACs. To assist the PAC leaders, guidance was given to them, in advance, as to the type of questions that would be asked so that they could come to the interview prepared to provide answers to the questions. A set of short PAC descriptions has been developed, using information from the interviews, and are provided in this section. These descriptions are based on a common reporting structure in terms of topics/content. Inevitably, given the range of both PAC leaders and questions asked, responses to individual questions varied and were sometimes contradictory. Where possible, discrepancies have been resolved by follow-up phone calls to the PAC leaders.



VILLAGE GLDANI

Demography/Accommodation

The population is estimated at 3389 residents and the majority of them are Georgian. People from other parts of Tbilisi migrate to this village. Many new constructions have been built recently. All homes are privately owned. Houses are considered not to be in a satisfactory condition and are in need of repair. There are many non-occupied plots of land. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.

Employment and Incomes

Information on employment figures (proportion of self-employed and unemployment rate) was not provided during the interview. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. Most people work in non agricultural private and public sectors.

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 0 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker 0 Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 50% Non-agricultural government sector income 50% Other (please specify) Beekeeping

There is no information available on residents with second jobs. Young people between 18-30 years old and older than 45 years exhibit higher levels of unemployment. There has been no change in levels of entrepreneurship over the past 5 years. There are only storehouses in the village. The proportion of the population dependent on state benefits, pension, or remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is not known. However, PAC leaders have indicated that on average people dependent on pensions or state benefits earn on average 160 GEL and 168 GEL respectively per month. Average incomes have increased over the last 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 700-1000 GEL. Agriculture does not represent an important source of income. However, agricultural activities are undertaken by some residents for subsistence purposes. Residents do not depend on natural resources such as wood.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to central heating. Bottled gas is available. Half of the residents have access to internet at home. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed from poor to excellent.



Code: Red = utility/service not present at all levels (household or village) Orange = utility/service not present

Green = utility/service is present Grey = unknown N/A = Not applicable

Accessibility (%)

Quality of service Supply cut-offs (outages?)

Is this service new in past 5 years?

In the HH

If not in HH

Utility

with

in 0.

5 km

?

with

in 0.

5 - 2

km?

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No

1. Water (not potable) 90

2. Drinking water 50

3. Electricity 100 N/A N/A

4. Gas (mains) 60

5. Gas (bottled) N/A N/A N/A

6. Hot water 0

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal 100 N/A N/A

9. Refuse disposal/collection 100 N/A N/A

10. Telephone (landline) 100 N/A N/A

11. Mobile phone (network coverage) 100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access 50

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no houses of culture, libraries and hospitals in the village. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered to be ‘poor’ or ‘good’.



Accessibility Ease of access

Is this facility/ service new in past 5 years?

Facility In the village

If not in village or town within 2 km?

If not in village or town within 2-5 km?

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)

6. School (secondary)

7. Clinic or doctor’s surgery

8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station

11. Church/ mosque

12. Library

13. Recreation (e.g. sport facilities)

Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. About 50% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. The condition of local roads is considered to be poor.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. Saguramo Park is considered to be the nearest important natural resource area. Local and national media are available mainly national TV and newspapers. Internet is also available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment and the poor conditions of community infrastructure.



AVCHALA TWO


The majority of residents are Georgian, but the population is unknown. People from other parts of Tbilisi migrate to this village. All homes are privately owned. Houses are considered not to be in a satisfactory condition and are in need of repair. Affordable accommodation is available. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Information on employment figures (proportion of self-employed and unemployment rate) was not provided during the interview. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. Most people work in non agricultural private or government sector

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 0 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker 0 Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 50 Non-agricultural government sector income 50 Other (please specify) Beekeeping

There is no information available on residents with second jobs. Young people between 18-30 years old and older than 45 years exhibit higher levels of unemployment. There has been no change in levels of entrepreneurship over the past 5 years. The proportion of the population dependent on state benefits, pension, or remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is not known. However, PAC leaders have indicated that on average people dependent on pensions or state benefits earn on average 160 GEL and 168 GEL respectively per month. Average incomes have increased over the past 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 700-1000 GEL. Agriculture does not represent an important source of income. However, agricultural activities are undertaken by some residents for subsistence purposes. Residents used to collect wood from the forest, but this activity is now forbidden by law.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to central heating; however, bottled gas is available. Half of the residents have access to internet at home. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed from poor to good.





Accessibility (%) Quality of service Supply cut-offs (outages?)


Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains) 60


6. Hot water 0

7. Central heating




9. Mobile phone (network coverage)

100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no schools, clinics, hospitals, houses of culture, police stations or libraries. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is unknown.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station

11. Church/mosque

12. Library


Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. About 50% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. The condition of local roads is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There are leisure and sport facilities. Saguramo Park is the nearest important natural resource area nearby. Local and national media are available mainly national TV and newspapers. Internet is also available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment and the poor conditions of community infrastructure.



GLDANULA


The majority of residents are Georgian, but the population is unknown. People from other parts of Tbilisi migrate to this village. All homes are privately owned. Houses are considered not to be in a satisfactory condition and are in need of repair. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Information on employment figures (proportion of self-employed and unemployment rate) was not provided during the interview. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. Most people work in non agricultural private and public sectors, but some households are also involved in conducting some beekeeping activities.


Some HHs are involved in Beekeeping

Households with second jobs represent 20% of the population. Young people between 18-30 years old and older than 45 years exhibit higher levels of unemployment. There has been no change in levels of entrepreneurship over the past 5 years. There is only one “Eco food” factory and there are small groceries. The proportion of the population dependent on state benefits, pension, or remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is not known. However, PAC leaders have indicated that on average people dependent on pensions or state benefits earn on average 160 GEL and 168 GEL respectively per month. Average incomes have increased over the past 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 700-1000 GEL. Agriculture does not represent an important source of income. However, agricultural activities are undertaken by some residents for subsistence purposes. Residents used to gather wood in the forest, but this activity is now forbidden by law.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to central heating or hot water; however, bottled gas is available. Half of the residents have access to internet at home. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed from poor to good.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains) 60


6.Hot water

7. Central heating





100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no clinics, houses of culture or libraries. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is either considered poor or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary) N/A N/A

6. School (secondary) N/A N/A


8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station

11. Church/mosque N/A N/A

12. Library


Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. About 50% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. The condition of local roads is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There are sport facilities within 2km of the village. Tbilisi National Park is the nearest important natural resource area nearby. Local and national media are available mainly national TV and newspapers. Internet is also available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment and the poor conditions of community infrastructure.



MAMKODA


The population is estimated at 180-200 and the majority of residents are Georgian. There are some positive trends since some locals who originally migrated have returned to the area. All homes are privately owned. Houses are considered not to be in a satisfactory condition and are in need of repair. There are 30 unoccupied houses. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Employees and self-employed people represent 30-40% and 20% of the active population respectively. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work in all sectors.

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed

30

Agriculture (as above) - waged worker 20 Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 20 Non-agricultural government sector income 20 Other (please specify) Beekeeping

5

Households with second jobs represent 1% of the population. All residents are affected by unemployment. The number of cattle breeders has increased over the last 5 years. Half of the households depend on pensions. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits or remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is not known. Pensioners earn on average 160 GEL per month.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 50 State benefits unknown Remittances from family member(s) working away unknown

Average incomes have remained the same over the past 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 100-300 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. Half of the population depends on subsistence farming. Only 5% of the residents gather mushrooms and other berries and collect wood from the forest.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable), piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, refuse disposal/collection, land line and internet access. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed as either acceptable or good.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km

1. Water (not potable)



4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

6. Sewage disposal

7. Refuse disposal/collection

8. Telephone (landline)


100 N/A N/A

10. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no clinics, hospitals, houses of culture, police stations, libraries or recreation/sport facilities. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered to be acceptable for the most part.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station


12. Library


14. Entertainment facilities (cinema/theatre/clubs/park)

Transport

Buses and micro-buses are used for public transport. About 50% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. The condition of local roads is considered to be poor.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be average. There is no important natural resource area nearby. National TV channels are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, the poor conditions of community and road infrastructure and the lack of piped gas.



SHOMAKHETI


The population is estimated at 850 and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people (over 40 years old) tend to migrate to Tbilisi or other countries. Homes are mostly privately owned. Conditions of houses are considered to be average. Some are in need of repair. There are unoccupied houses. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Employees and self-employed people (in agriculture) represent 10% and 80% of the active population respectively. Households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represent 60-70% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed

80

Agriculture (as above) - waged worker 5 Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 5 Non-agricultural government sector income 10 Other (please specify) Beekeeping

Residents with second jobs represent less than 5% of the population. Young people between 18-30 years old exhibit higher levels of unemployment. There has been no change in levels of entrepreneurship over the past 5 years. There are small groceries. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits or remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is not known. Pensioners earn on average 160 GEL per month.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 150 households State benefits unknown Remittances from family member(s) working away unknown

Average incomes have remained the same over the past 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 200-250 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. 80% of the population depends on subsistence farming. Wood is also used as a source of heating.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable, bottled gas, hot water, central heating and sewage disposal, A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the



services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed as acceptable, good or excellent. Code: Red = utility/service not present at all levels (household or village) Orange = utility/service not present




Utility In the HH

If not in HH ex

celle

nt

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains) 100 N/A N/A

5. Gas (bottled)

6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal


50

10. Telephone (landline) 30


100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no post offices, general stores, hospitals, houses of culture or police stations. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered excellent for the most part.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank N/A N/A

3. Food market N/A N/A

4. General store



7. Clinic or doctor’s surgery N/A N/A

8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station


12. Library N/A N/A


Transport


Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be average. There is a sports ground in the village. The nearest important natural resource area is Volcanic hill “Goradzira”. National TV channels and newspapers are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and the poor conditions of community and road infrastructure.



KORBOULI


The population is estimated at 4,463 and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people (over 40 years old) tend to migrate to Tbilisi or other countries. Homes are mostly privately owned. Conditions of houses are considered to be average, however an estimated 300 houses are considered to be in need of repair. There are about 300 unoccupied houses as well. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Employees and self-employed people (in agriculture) represent 10% and 80% of the active population respectively. Households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represent 70% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.


Residents with second jobs represent less than 5% of the population. Young people between 18-30 years old exhibit higher levels of unemployment. There has been no change in levels of entrepreneurship over the past 5 years. There are small groceries. The proportion of population dependent on pensions, state benefits and remittances from family members working away (including abroad) are presented in the table below. Monthly earnings are 160 GEL and 300 GEL for pensions and remittances respectively. Monthly income derived from state benefits are on average 50 GEL per person.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 70 State benefits 15 Remittances from family member(s) working away 5

Average incomes have remained the same over the past 5 years with an average monthly household income in the range of 100-200 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. 80% of the population depends on subsistence farming. Wood is also used as a source of heating.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable, bottled gas, hot water, central heating and sewage disposal, A



summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Services are classed as acceptable, good or excellent. Code: Red = utility/service not present at all levels (household or village) Orange = utility/service not present




Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains) 100 N/A N/A

5. Gas (bottled)

6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal

9. Refuse disposal/collection 50

10. Telephone (landline) 30


100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no post offices, general stores, hospitals, houses of culture or police stations. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered good or excellent.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank N/A N/A

3. Food market N/A N/A

4. General store



7. Clinic or doctor’s surgery N/A N/A

8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station


12. Library N/A N/A


Transport


Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be average. There is a sports ground in the village. The nearest important natural resource area is Volcanic hill “Goradzira. National TV channels and newspapers are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and the poor conditions of community and road infrastructure.



TKEMLOVANA


The population is estimated at 726 and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and some 40% of the population have migrated to Tbilisi or other countries. Homes are mostly privately owned. Conditions of houses are considered to be poor and are in need of repair. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Some 40% of households have employed members. The rest of the population is self-employed working in the agricultural sector. Households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represent 80% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 100 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 5 Non-agricultural government sector income 1 Other (please specify) Beekeeping

The proportion of residents with second jobs is unknown. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits and remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is unknown. Half of the population relies on pensions as a source of income. Monthly earnings for pensions are 160 GEL.


The average monthly household income is in the range of 150-200 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. People practice subsistence farming and produce corn, beans, cheese, meat and honey. They also gather mushrooms.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable), piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, refuse disposal/collection, land line and access to internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the



table below. The quality of services is unknown expect for mobile phone coverage that is classed as good. Code: Red = utility/service not present at all levels (household or village) Orange = utility/service not present




Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains)

5. Gas (bottled) 100 N/A N/A

6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no banks, food markets, hospitals, police stations and recreation/sport facilities. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is unknown.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office 100 N/A N/A

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store 100 N/A N/A

5. School (primary) 100 N/A N/A

6. School (secondary) 100 N/A N/A

7. Clinic or doctor’s surgery 100 N/A N/A

8. Hospital

9. House of Culture 100 N/A N/A

10. Police station

11. Church/ mosque 100 N/A N/A

12. Library 100 N/A N/A


Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. About 20% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. Despite improvements in particular in the village centre, the condition of local roads is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. The nearest important natural resource area is Mandaeti lake and the cave of Zakaria. Imervizia TV and national TV channels are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and the lack of health care.



MANDAETI


The population is estimated at 1776 (or 550 households) and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and some 40% of the population have migrated to Tbilisi or other countries. Homes are mostly privately owned. Conditions of houses are considered to be poor and are in need of repair. There are no unoccupied houses. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


With the exception of about 40 households who have members who work as employees in the private sector, most residents work as self-employed farmers. Households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represent 80% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.


The proportion of residents with second jobs is unknown. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits and remittances from family members working away (including abroad) is unknown. Half of the population relies on pensions as a source of income. Monthly earnings for pensions are 160 GEL.


The average monthly household income is in the range of 150-200 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. People practice subsistence farming and produce corn, beans, cheese, meat and honey. They also gather mushrooms

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable), piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, refuse disposal/collection, land line and access to internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the



table below. The quality of services is unknown expect for mobile phone coverage that is classed as good. Code: Red = utility/service not present at all levels (household or village) Orange = utility/service not present




Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains)

5. Gas (bottled) 100 N/A N/A

6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no banks, food markets, hospitals, police stations and recreation/sport facilities .Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is unknown.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office 100 N/A N/A

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store 100 N/A N/A

5. School (primary) 100 N/A N/A



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture 100 N/A N/A

10. Police station




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. About 20% of households own at least one vehicle (mostly cars). The number of cars in the village has increased. Despite improvements in particular in the village centre, the condition of local roads is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. The nearest important natural resource area is Mandaeti lake and the cave of Zakaria. Imervizia TV and national TV channels are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment and outmigration.



SVERI


The population is estimated at 1,400 (or 445 households) and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people tend to migrate to Batumi or Tbilisi. Homes are mostly privately owned. Conditions of houses are considered average. There are about 100 unoccupied houses. The commonly spoken languages are Georgian and Russian.


With the exception of about 40 individuals who are employed in the government or private sector, the majority is self-employed working as farmers. A large majority of households do not work. Some people are also engaged in beekeeping activities. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.

Sector % of population or no. individuals Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 100% Agriculture (as above) - waged worker 20% Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 10 individuals Non-agricultural government sector income 30 individuals Other (please specify) Beekeeping

8 individuals

The proportion of residents with second jobs is null. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are only small groceries. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits is unknown. There are about 250 and 4 households who depend on pensions and remittances respectively. Monthly earnings for pensions are 160 GEL.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 250 individuals State benefits unknown Remittances from family member(s) working away 4 households

The average monthly household income is in the range of 160-300 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. People practice subsistence farming.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable), piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, refuse disposal/collection, land line and access to internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below. Existing services are classed as good.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 - 2

km



3. Electricity 100 N /A N /A

4. Gas (mains)

5. Gas (bottled) N/A

6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N /A N /A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is classed as good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. Only 20 residents own a private car. The number of cars in the village has not changed over the last 5 years. The condition of local roads is considered to be poor.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be average. There is a sports ground in the village. The nearest considered important natural resource area is the local river. National TV channels and newspapers are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and poor road infrastructure.



TSKALSHAVI


The population is estimated at 824 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has increased. However, because of high unemployment rate, many households have left the village and only come back to it during the summer. Homes are mostly privately owned. However, 30% of houses are in need of repair, conditions of houses are considered to be poor. About 30% of houses are unoccupied. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.


Some 20% of all households have at least one member who works as an employee in the public or private sector. The rest of the population is made up of self-employed farmers. The proportion of households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represents 40% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.

Sector % of population (or no. individuals) Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 100% Agriculture (as above) - waged worker Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 7% Non-agricultural government sector income 35 individuals Other (please specify) Beekeeping

Only 6 residents have a second job. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are small groceries and one small petrol station. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits, pensions or remittances is unknown. The average monthly household income is in the range of 300-350 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. Some 10% of the population practice subsistence farming whereas all residents collect wood from the forest for heating purposes.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to water (not potable), piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, refuse disposal/collection and land line. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km


2. Drinking water 100 N/A N/A


4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is acceptable or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank 100 N/A N/A

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. Even though the number of cars in the village has increased over the last 5 years, only 5% of households own a private car. The condition of local roads is considered to be poor. The condition of rail transport links is considered average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There is a sports ground in the village. The nearest considered important natural resource area are the local lake and a stone quarry. Chiatura TV and Imervizia TV are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and poor road infrastructure.



USAKHELO


The population is estimated at 1552 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has increased. However, because of high unemployment rate, many households have left the village and only come back to it during the summer. Homes are mostly privately owned. However, with most of houses in need of repair, conditions of houses are considered poor. Some 20% of houses are considered to be empty. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.




Only 15-20 residents have a second job. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are small groceries and one small petrol station. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits, pensions or remittances is unknown. The average monthly household income is in the range of 160-350 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. Some 10% of the population practice subsistence farming whereas all residents collect wood from the forest for heating purposes.

Infrastructure








Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered to be acceptable or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank 100 N/A N/A

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. Even though the number of cars in the village has increased over the last 5 years, only 5% of households own a private car. The condition of local roads is considered poor. The condition of rail transport links is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There is a sport ground in the village. The nearest considered important natural resource area are the local lake and a stone quarry. Imervizia TV is available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and poor road infrastructure.



ZEDA BERETISA


The population is estimated at 576 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has increased. However, because of high unemployment rate, many households have left the village and only come back to it during the summer. Homes are mostly privately owned. However, with most of houses in need of repair, conditions of houses are considered poor. Some 20% of houses are considered to be empty. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.



Sector % of population (or no. individuals)

Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 100% Agriculture (as above) - waged worker Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 5% Non-agricultural government sector income 40 individuals Other (please specify) Beekeeping

Only 15 residents have a second job. All age groups exhibit high levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are small groceries and one small petrol station. The proportion of population dependent on state benefits, pensions or remittances is unknown. The average monthly household income is in the range of 300-350 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. Some 10% of the population practice subsistence farming whereas all residents collect wood from the forest for heating purposes.

Infrastructure








Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

wi

thin

0.5 -

2 k

m




4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A


Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing facilities in the village is considered to be acceptable or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank 100 N/A N/A

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital

9. House of Culture

10. Police station




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. Even though the number of cars in the village has increased over the last 5 years, only 5% of households own a private car. The condition of local roads is considered poor. The condition of rail transport links is considered to be average.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There is a sports ground in the village. The nearest considered important natural resource area is a stone quarry. Imervizia TV is available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration and poor road infrastructure.



KHIDMAGHALA


The population is estimated at 1400 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people tend to migrate to Batumi, Tbilisi or other countries. Most homes are privately owned. The condition of houses is considered to be average. Some 4% of houses are considered to be empty. The commonly spoken languages are Georgian and Russian.


Some 60% of the population is self-employed (agriculture). Employees working in the public or private sector represent 10 and 15% of the total population respectively. The proportion of households where no-one is working or the head of the household is unemployed represents 35% of the population. The distribution of the workforce by sector is shown below. People work primarily in farming.

Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 50 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker unknnown Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 10 Non-agricultural government sector income 15 Other (please specify) Beekeeping

10

About 5 % of the population has a second job. Those aged between 20 and 50 years old exhibit higher levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are some small groceries and petrol stations. About 200 individuals and 175 households rely on pensions and state benefits respectively as a source of income.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 200 individuals State benefits 175 households Remittances from family member(s) working away unknown

The average monthly household income has decreased over the last 5 years and is now in the range of 100-250 GEL. Agriculture and in particular animal husbandry represents the main source of income. Nearly all residents practice subsistence farming.

Infrastructure

The village has no access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, land line and internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km

1. Water (not potable) 100 N/A N/A



4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing services is considered to be acceptable or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)



8. Hospital 100 N/A N/A

9. House of Culture

10. Police station 100 N/A N/A




Transport

Micro-buses are used for public transport. The number of cars in the village has increased over the last 5 years and about 35% of households own a private car. The condition of local roads is considered to be poor.

Quality of Life

The general living conditions in the village are considered to be poor. There is a sports ground in the village. Ozurgeti TV, central channels and newspapers are available. Crime is not a problem. The key problems are unemployment, outmigration, poor access to services and poor conditions of community infrastructure.



TSKALTSMINDA


The population is estimated at 950 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people tend to migrate to Batumi, Tbilisi or other countries. Most homes are privately owned. The condition of houses is considered to be average. Some 5% of houses are considered to be empty. The commonly spoken language is Georgian.



Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 60 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker unknnown Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 10 Non-agricultural government sector income 15 Beekeeping 10

About 5 % of the population has a second job. Those aged between 20 and 50 years old exhibit higher levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are some small groceries and petrol stations. About 21 and 42 % of the population rely on pensions and state benefits respectively as a source of income. Pensioners earn 160 GEL per month.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 21 State benefits 42 Remittances from family member(s) working away unknown


Infrastructure

The village has access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, land line and internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below.





Accessibility (%) Quality of service Supply cut-offs (outages)?


Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal



11. Mobile phone (network coverage) 100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing services is considered to be acceptable or good.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)




9. House of Culture





Transport


Quality of Life




GRIGOLETI


The population is estimated at 250 residents and the majority of residents are Georgian. Birth rate has decreased and people tend to migrate to Batumi, Tbilisi or other countries. Most homes are privately owned. The condition of houses is considered to be average. Some 5% of houses are considered to be unoccupied. The commonly spoken languages are Georgian and Russian.



Sector % of population Agriculture (including arable and livestock farming) - self employed 60 Agriculture (as above) - waged worker unknown Non-agricultural private sector (non-government) income 10 Non-agricultural government sector income 15 Beekeeping 10

About 5 % of the population has a second job. Those aged between 20 and 50 years old exhibit high levels of unemployment. In terms of levels of entrepreneurship in the village, nothing has changed. There are some small groceries and petrol stations. About 80 and 70 % of the population rely on pensions and state benefits respectively as a source of income. Pensioners earn 160 GEL per month.

Source of income Proportion of population dependent on Pension 80 State benefits 70 Remittances from family member(s) working away unknown


Infrastructure

The village has access to an irrigation system. The residents have no access to piped gas, hot water, central heating, sewage disposal, land line and internet. A summary of access of residents to utilities and an assessment of the quality of the services provided are shown in the table below.







Utility In the HH

If not in HH

exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

Yes

No with

in 0.

5 km

with

in 0.

5 -

2 km




4. Gas (mains)


6. Hot water

7. Central heating

8. Sewage disposal




100 N/A N/A

12. Internet access

Facilities

A summary of access of residents to facilities is shown in the table below. There are no primary schools or houses of culture. Ease of access to existing facilities is considered to be acceptable.








exce

llent

good

acce

ptab

le

poor

very

poo

r

Yes

No

1. Post office

2. Bank

3. Food market

4. General store

5. School (primary)




9. House of Culture





Transport


Quality of Life


Documents

Chapter 8 Socio-Economic Baseline - BP€¦ · Chapter 8 Socio-Economic Baseline. ... agricultural private and public sectors. Sector % of population ... houses of culture,