Upload
sophia-howard
View
215
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
CHAPTER 8
REFORMING AMERICAN SOCIETY
Second Great Awakening
• Reject Calvinism
-Unitarianism:
Individual responsibility for salvation
• African American Church- AME Church
-also cultural, political and social center.
• Developed strong political voice
TRANSCENDENTALISTS
Ralph Waldo Emerson Henry David Thoreau
TRANSCENDENTALSIM
• Emphasized simple life & truth in nature; not organized religion.
• Humanitarian reforms-civil disobedience
• Utopian societies begin to form.
I went to the woods because I wished to live deliberately, to front only the Essential facts of life and see if I could not learn what it had to teach and Not, when I came to die, discover that I had not lived. Henry David Thoreau
Inside Thoreau’s Cabin at Walden Pond.
Sleepy Hollow CemeteryConcord, Massachusetts
Emerson
Thoreau
Women’s Rights Movement
• Seneca Falls, NY 1848: Women publicly demand the right to vote for the first time.
• “We hold these truths to be self-evident that all men and women are created equal…” Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Declaration of Sentiments July 20, 1848
Women’s Rights Movement, cont’d.
Voting rights Education Abolition Temperance
Idea of Cult of Domesticity begins to fade.
SCHOOLS & PRISONS UNDERGO CHANGE
POINT TO PONDER: Is it me, or do you find it ironic that jails and schools are mentioned in the same section?
SLAVERY IN 1800s
• Pro slavery beliefs:-biologically inferior-intellectually inferior-barbarians-heathens -some actually thought they were doing
Africans a service.
NAT TURNER’S REBELLION
• August, 1831-Nearly 60 whites killed.-Turner executed
• Resolve to control slaves strengthened.
FREDERICK DOUGLASS• Former slave• Educated illegally
• Published newspapers:
-The North Star
• Became a leading abolitionist.
• Believed nation never fully
understood deep hurt slavery
afflicted on African people.
LADIES! Are you sick and tired of sitting at
home and never going anywhere? Are you weary of your husband telling
you what to do? Do you have few or no marketable
skills? We have an opportunity for you!
THE LOWELL MILL!• Cutting-edge mid-19th century technology at its finest! Behold the miracle of
steam!• All brick construction is here to stay…and so are you!• Waterfront property (if you can call that sludge in what used to be a river water) • Amenities: non-existent (what do you think this is? You’re here to work!)• You don’t have to worry about your husband bossing you around because you’ll
have an “understanding” manager who’ll do it for him!• Earn pennies upon the dollar…a week!
• What’s not to like?
• ACTUALLY: conditions were so bad that workers went on strike several times. 15% pay cuts, 12.5% board charges, illness, etc…it was that bad.
IRISH IMMIGRANTS
• Potato famine forced 1 million + Irish to America.
• Eager to work for low wages and in horrible conditions.
• Easy prey for employers looking to break a strike.
NATIONAL TRADES’ UNION
• Artisans began to work together for better Artisans began to work together for better wages/conditionswages/conditions
• Commonwealth v Hunt (1842):Commonwealth v Hunt (1842): workers have workers have right to strike.right to strike.
• Workers now have a weapon against unfair labor practices of employers.Workers now have a weapon against unfair labor practices of employers.