Chapter 8

The Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs

8.3 Pharaoh Khufu: (c. 2551 to 2528 B.C.E Old Kingdom)

The Pyramid Builder• Khufu left behind the Great

Pyramid at Giza.• The great pyramid is made

of more than 2 million stone blocks but was built in just over 20 years.

• An important achievement was Khufu helped establish the pharaoh as a central authority.

8.4 Pharaoh Senusret I: (c. 1971 to 1926 B.C.E. Middle Kingdom)

Patron of the Arts• Senusret I left behind the

White Chapel at Karnak. • The chapel had been

destroyed by a later pharaoh, but archeologists found the broken pieces and were able to reconstruct it.

• An important achievement was during the Senusret’s reign, some of the greatest works in Egyptian literature were written and Art, architecture, and crafts flourished.

8.5 Pharaoh Hatshepsut:(c. 1473 to 1458 B.C.E. New Kingdom)

Promoter of Egyptian Trade• Hatshepsut left behind

Hatshepsut’s Temple at Dayr al- Bahri.

• The temple contains carvings of Hatshepsut’s accomplishments, such as the trade expedition she sent to Punt.

• Her most important achievement was Hatshepsut was a female pharaoh who promoted trade.

8.6 Ramses II(c. 1290 to 1224 B.C.E. New Kingdom)

Military Leader and Master Builder• Ramses II left behind

Ramses’ Temple at Abu Simbel.

• Between 1964 and 1968, the temple was moved to save it from being flooded. The sun lined up with its entrance twice a year.

• An important achievement was Ramses II led Egypt to victory over the Hittites. He reigned for 60 years and had more than 100 wives and 100 children.

Pharaoh Tutankhamen“King Tut”