Chapter 7:The Operational Dimension

Contents of Chapter 7:

• (Introduction of Military Interventions)

• Preventive Operations

• Planning for Military Intervention

• Carrying Out Military Intervention

• Following Up Military Intervention

• A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations

Introduction

• 7.1: Military Intervention is different from:– Warfighting

– Traditional Peacekeeping Operations

• 7.2: Requires more ‘robust’ action than the Traditional Peacekeeping

• 7.3: Military Intervention = the Last Resort

Preventive Operations• 7.4: Two Categories of Preventive Military Operations

– First is: ‘’Preventive Deployment’’

»(7.5): Example of ‘’Preventive Deployment’’

=UNPREDEP in Macedonia (1992-1999)

– (7.6): Second is: Deployed resources without actual intervention on the territory

• 7.7: IF both 1 and 2 fail then they may be turned into an Intervention Tool to begin Military Interventions

Planning for Military Intervention• 7.8: Careful advance planning is required:

+ Military preventative actions+ Post-conflict operations

Coalition Building:• 7.9: Multinational Coalitions have disadvantages and

must be prepared for them• 7.10: UNITAF, UNOSOM I, NATO, UNFROFOR, etc.• 7.11: Common political resolve and common political

military approach» 7.12: Greatly important to stress BOTH

Contintued...

Planning for Military InterventionObjectives:• 7.13: ‘’coalition partners may well have different

ideas about the objectives through intervention action.’’

• 7.14: ‘’Differences in objectives often emerge in discussion over the ‘exit strategy’.’’

Contintued...

Planning for Military InterventionMandate:• 7.15: Clear and unambiguous mandate = Most

important requirement• 7.16: Objective of Mandate = military commanders

understanding their mission• 7.17: Mandates will inevitably need to be adjusted to

meet new demands during intervention

Contintued...

Planning for Military InterventionResources and Commitment:• 7.18: Careful preparation of required resources• 7.19: Level of Resources, Broad international support

Carrying Out Military Intervention

Command Structure:• 7.20: Unity of command is essential for the

successful conduct of operations• 7.21: Tight Political Control with Clear Objectives

Continued…

Carrying Out Military InterventionCivil-Military Relations:• 7.22: Tensions usually arise between collaboration of

Military Forces, Civilian Authorities, and Humanitarian Agencies

• 7.23: Dedicated humanitarian organizations» 7.24: Required military force may sometimes make it

impossible for humanitarian workers to help

• 7.25: Attempts of Coordination, can also create additional turmoil

Continued…

Carrying Out Military InterventionApplying Force:• 7.30: The strategy of Surprise; not always possible• 7.31: Amount of military power, ‘’The operation is

not war but an operation to protect populations’’• 7.32: Compensation for disadvantages must be

focused on during the beginning planning stages

Continued…

Carrying Out Military InterventionCasualties:• 7.33: Casualities caused by lost purpose of

Responsibility to Protect Humanitarian Interests• 7.34: Defense from intervening force is Important,

but Should Not Be the Principle Objective

Continued…

Carrying Out Military InterventionMedia Relations:• 7. 35: Media will expose and give worldwide criticism

to anyone that attempts to excessively use overwhelming military power

• 7.36: Media has an impact on enforcement and public support therefore, deadly force must be used at a tolerated level

• 7.37: Planning for Operation to Protect should include detailed sub-concept for public information

Following Up Military Intervention

Transfer of Authority• 7.38: Main Mission = to provide the safe

environment necessary for the restoration of good governance and law

• 7.39: Transition of Responsibility from Military Authorities to the Civilian Authorities as soon as possible

Continued…

Following Up Military InterventionPeacekeeping and Peace Building• 7.40: Post-intervention requirement to remain

engaged to sustain the peace and stability• 7.41: Internal security challenge remaining = ‘’old’’

habits will return + immediate aftermaths spawn:» Organized crime» Revenge attacks» Arms proliferation» Looting and theft

Continued…

Following Up Military InterventionFive Protection Tasks• 7.42: Five Protection Tasks that emerge from post-

enforcement experiences; 1) Protection of Minorities• 7.43: 2) Security Sector Reform: build up local

authorities in the society and transfer knowledge and insights

» 7.44: Civilian Police = high priority for a society’s growth of stability

Continued…

Following Up Military InterventionFive Protection Tasks continued…

• 7.45: 3) Disarmament, Demobilization, and reintegration

» 7.46: Consent/Voluntary Disarmament = challenged by issues

» 7.47: No doctrinal political and military descretion to pursue a coercive strategy for purpose of Disarmament and etc.

• 7.48: 4) Mine Action: » United Nations Mine Action Service» Geneva International Centre for Humanitarian Demining» additional Mine Action Centres

Continued…

Following Up Military InterventionFive Protection Tasks continued…

• 7.49: 5) The Pursuit of War Criminals; possible demand of military forces during/following these enforcement actions due to possible hostility

A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations

7.50: Summary• Responsibility to Protect = Different from:

» Traditional War-fighting» and UN Peacekeeping Operations

• Close reference Chapter 4, ‘’Doctrine for Human Protection Operations’’

• Request for solution of the open ended: Coercive Intervention in Article 7.47

Continued… A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations

7.51: What the requested Doctrine of Coercive Intervention Should Include:– Clearly defined political objective with matching resources

and rules of engagement (see Articles 7.13 – 7.14)– Politically controlled intervention with a specified military

commander with a single military chain that follows with unity of purpose (see Article 7.20)

– Aim to enforce compliance, NOT for the purpose of defeat of the state; must have objective to protect and maintain the peace

Continued… A Doctrine for Human Protection Operations

7.51: What the requested Doctrine of Coercive Intervention Should Include:– Guarantee maximum protection of the civilian population– Adherence to International Humanitarian Law– Defense of the intervening force should never take priority

over resolve to accomplish the mission (see Article 7.34)– Maximum coordination between Military Authorities,

Civilian Authorities, and Humanitarian Organizations (see Article 7.22)