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Chapter 6 Homes From the 18 th Century to Today. 19 th Century. The 19 th Century. The industrial Revolution swept America in the early 1800’s-this brought immigrants for work. They were paid low wages - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Chapter 6Homes From the 18th Century to Today
19th Century
The 19th Century
The industrial Revolution swept America in the early 1800’s-this brought immigrants for work. They were paid low wages
Tenements- apartment complexes with minimum standards pf sanitation, safety, and comfort, were built
Tenement Outhouse
Row Outhouses
Bathtub
Front Entrance Tenement Hallway
Tenement Kitchen
The Romantic Period
Greek Revival StyleGothic Revival Style
The Romantic Period
Influenced by European past Greek Revival Style
1825-1860– ending around the time of the Civil War
Plantation style homes were featured in this style
The Romantic Period cont’d
Greek Revival Style Characteristics 2 story rectangular house with
symmetrical placed windows Gable roof emphasized by wide trim at the
cornice Pilasters on the corners of frame houses or
across the whole front An elaborate entrance- the door was
usually surrounded by windows and may also have additional wood or masonry (stone or brick) framework
The Romantic Period cont’d
Greek Revival Style Characteristics Columns supporting small or large
porch
Greek Revival Style
Greek Revival Style
The Romantic Period cont’d Gothic Revival Style
1840-1880 Designers used European features such as
pointed arches and circular windows with ornamented carved stone
Many are made of wood because stone is very expensive and there was a shortage of stonemasons
Many were built with high peaked gothic gables with gingerbread- lacy-looking, cutout wood trim
Gothic Revival Style
Gothic Revival Style
The Romantic Period cont’d
Italianate Style 1840-1885 Italian villas or estates were reproduced Square and two stories high Wide overhanging hip roofs with decorative
brackets, or supports, at the cornice Long, narrow windows arched and crowned
with an inverted U-shaped structure
Italianate Style
Italianate Style
Italianate Style
The Victorian Period
Mansard StyleQueen Anne Style
The Victorian Period
Named for Queen Victoria who reigned in England from 1837-1901
Detail in homes were very elaborate Mansard and Queen Anne were
styles that were popular
The Victorian Period cont’d Mansard Style
Sometimes called the second Empire Style Had French influence Most popular during 1860-1880 Most notable feature was the boxlike roof
or a mansard roof- a roof that has two slopes on all sides, with lower slope being steep and the upper slope almost flat
Decorated cornices French windows- long windows that open
lengthwise at the middle Dormer windows for the top story
Mansard RoofMansard roof
French Windows
Mansard Style
Mansard Style
The Victorian Period cont’d
Queen Anne Style 1870-1880 Wraparound porches with railings and
columns Many Queen Anne homes have a circular
tower that extends the entire height of the house
May have spindle work or brackets and half-timbering
Decorative wood work
Queen Anne Style
Queen Anne Style
Queen Anne Style
Queen Anne Style
The End of the Victorian Period
Houses built at the end of the Victorian era were less elaborate
Architectural lines were cleaner and simpler
Homes for the wealthy were built on a larger scale
Common Victorian features were scaled down to smaller middle class homes
The End of the Victorian Period
Many people began living in apartments
The invention of the safety elevator meant that apartments could have many stories
The 18TH Century
Understanding Period Housing Styles
The 18th Century Immigrants brought their new style of
homes to the colonies or created new styles that adapted to the new land
The Georgian Period
Georgian Style Named for the kings that were in power
at that time George I, II, III In England, Georgian homes were
constructed of stone and brick.—Americans uses these materials when they were available but adapted when they weren’t
Georgian Period Cont’d
Georgian Style Characteristics Formal, balanced design- homes were
often 2 or 3 stories high Hip roof- a roof with 4 sloped sides Large symmetrically placed windows-
windows had many small panes The front door was the focal point of the
house with many details. The door is typically framed by pilasters, which are decorative flattened columns
Georgian Period Cont’d Georgian Style Characteristics
Doorway is topped with a pediment , a triangular or arched decoration, the door itself has decorative panels
A cornice is a decorative strip at the area where the roof and the wall meet. Georgian homes usually have a cornice if tooth-like molding
Central chimney at the end of each house Contrasting materials are often used, red
brick with white wood trim, other materials are often common
Georgian Style Home
Georgian Style Door
Georgian Period Cont’d
Georgian Style Inside Molded ceiling covered wood beams Wood paneling or wall paper Ornate rectangular fireplace topped with
mantel usually the focal point of the room Usually built around a central hall with a wide
staircase The Georgian style was applied to row
houses-a continuous line of 2 or 3 story houses that share a common wall with houses on either side
Row Houses
The Federal Period
In 1770’s the American attitude changed toward England
The colonist won the Revolutionary War Ties to England were broken There was a sense of renewed
patriotism They sought a new style that showed
their new freedom and independence
The Federal Period
Named in honor of the new federal government of the United States
Adam Style Named in honor of English architects
Robert and James Adam- two brothers who took the Georgian style and added touches of Greece and Rome
The Federal Period Cont’d
Adam Style Home Characteristics Rectangular design with one or more
stories Some homes have a center section with
wings on either end Gable roof- slopes of the roof generally
face the front and the back of the house A cornice extends across the front and
the back of the house at the roofline
The Federal Period Cont’d
Adam Style Characteristics Windows were symmetrical with many
panes They added a fanlight , an
semicircular, round, or oval window with fan-shaped panes of glass over the door or in the pediment
Plasters and woodcarvings in classical designs on the walls and ceilings
The Adam Style Home
Adam Style Interior
Adam Style Fanlight
The Federal Period Cont’d
Early Classical Revival Style Designs inspired by ancient Rome They were led by Thomas Jefferson Styles developed by Jefferson were
known as “Early Classical Revival” This style was used for government
buildings and row houses Similar to the Adam Style in many ways
The Federal Period Cont’d
Early Classical Revival Characteristics Rectangular building with symmetrical
windows Fanlights Portico – a tall open porch, supported
by columns over the front entrance Portico is topped by a rectangular
pediment
Early Classical Revival