Upload
nora-osborne
View
228
Download
1
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
Chapter 6
Groups and Organizations
Chapter Outline Using the Sociological Imagination Concept of the Group Types of Groups Social Interaction in Groups Formal Organizations Dynamics of Formal Organizations Formal Organizations in Japan
Groups Members of groups:
Interact Share culture Consider one another’s behavior Have some common interests and
goals
Characteristics of Primary and Secondary Groups
Primary SecondaryNature of Relationship
Close social interaction
Impersonal
Function Emotional support, socialization
Help achieve group goals
Examples Family, soldiers, street gang
Class, team, law firm
Conditions Favoring Primary Groups Small group size. Face to face contact. Continuous contact. Proper social environment.
Size of State Bureaucracies
Social Network Links a person with a wide variety of
individuals and groups. Provide a sense of belonging and
social support and help in the job market.
Types of Social Interaction
Theoretical Perspective
Type of Social Interaction
Functionalism Conformity
Conflict theory Coercion
Symbolic Interactionism
Social exchange
Social Interaction and Group Life
1. Cooperation2. Conflict3. Social exchange4. Coercion5. Conformity
Cards for Asch’s Experiments
Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy A division of labor based on the
principle of specialization. A hierarchy of authority. Organizational affairs are based on a
system of rules and procedures.
Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy Members of the organization
maintain written records of their organizational activities.
Statuses in the organization, especially managerial ones, are considered full-time jobs.
Major Characteristics of Bureaucracy Relationships within the organization
are impersonal, devoid of favoritism. Employees of bureaucratic
organizations do not own their positions.
University Organization Chart
Problems with Bureaucracy Dehumanizing social environment Wastefulness. “Peter principle” - Once reaching a
level of incompetence members shift their concern to sustaining organization values.
Goal displacement Trained incapacity
Military Bureaucracy
Inter-organizational Relationships Involving the Police
Organization and Oligarchy How organizational factors encourage
oligarchy:1. Organizations need a hierarchy of
authority to delegate decision making.2. Advantages held by leaders at the top
allow them to consolidate their power. 3. Membership tends to defer to the
skills possessed by their leaders.