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American AnthemModern American History
Chapter 6
The Progressives
1898-1920
Copyright © 2009, Mr. EllingtonRuben S. Ayala High School
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
1. Progressivism
A: What Was Progressivism?
B: Reforming Society
C: Reforming the Work Place
D: Reforming Government
2. Women and Public Life
A: Opportunities for Women
B: Gaining Political Exposure
Chapter 6: The Progressives, 1898-1920
C: Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement
3. Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal
A: Roosevelt’s View of the Presidency
B: Regulating Big Business
C: Environmental Conservation
4. Taft and Roosevelt
A: Progressivism Under Taft
B: Wilson’s New Freedom
C: Women Gain the Right to Vote
D: Progressivism and the Rights of Blacks
Columbus statute in
Rhode Island
Part 1: ProgressivismSection 1A: What Was Progressivism?
• Progressives were middle
class, urban reformers
seeking to improve society,
reform government and
regulate businessregulate business
• Muckrakers such as Ida
Tarbell, Jacob Riis, and
Lincoln Steffens exposed
people to the need for
reforms through the media
Part 1: ProgressivismSection 1B: Reforming Society
• By 1920, a majority of Americans lived in cities but many lacked basic
services such as garbage collection, safe housing, police and fire
• NAACP was formed in 1909 to fight for African-Americans’ rights
Part 1: Progressivism
Section 1C: Reforming the
Workplace
• In 1940, about 40% of
working class families
lived in poverty
• Some success was made • Some success was made
at eliminating child labor
and limiting the work day
for adult laborers and
organizing workers into
unions
• Triangle Shirtwaist fire
killed 140 and led states
to mandate safer
workplaces
Part 1: ProgressivismSection 1D: Reforming Government
Verbal Voting in a
Missouri county
election, 1846
Block Voting in New
York City, late 1800s
• Some cities
experimented with
new systems of local
government
• Progressive
reformers took the
lead in WI, NY, CA
Part 2: Women and Public LifeSection 2A: Opportunities for Women
• From 1833-1900, women went from 0% to 33% of college students
• Many middle class, college educated women joined reform efforts
• Many women worked in the “caring” professions or garment industry
School Teacher, early 1900s
Oberlin College Students, 1850s
Part 2: Women and Public Life Section 2B: Gaining Political Exposure
• Progressive women
such as Lillian Wald
fought to end child
labor, improve
children’s health, and
education
• 18th Amendment (1917)
banning alcohol had
been pushed by women
reformers and
organizations for years
• Black women reformers
fought for voting rights
and lynching laws
Part 2: Women and Public Life Sec. 2C: Rise of the Women’s Suffrage Movement
• Suffragists such as Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady formed
organizations and fought for women to get the right to vote
• WY, UT, and other western states started giving women voting rights
in the late 1800s.
• The 19th
amendment
finally gave finally gave
women right to
vote in 1920
1913 suffrage map
Part 3: Theodore Roosevelt’s Square DealSection 3A: Roosevelt’s View of the Presidency
• TR was a popular, reform governor of NY who became pres. in 1901
• TR was the first progressive president and used the “bully pulpit”
• TR convinced coal owners in 1902 to use arbitration to resolve strike
• TR was easily reelected in 1904 on a “Square Deal” reform platform
Part 3: Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal Section 3B: Regulating Big Business
• TR busted up “bad” trusts, starting with Northern Securities in 1904
• Elkins and Hepburn Acts strengthened federal RR regulation
• Meat Inspection Act and Pure Food and Drug Act were passed after
Sinclair’s The Jungle exposed unsanitary conditions in food industry
Part 3: Theodore Roosevelt’s Square Deal Section 3C: Environmental Conservation
• Roosevelt was the first president concerned with the environment
• TR was a conservationist while John Muir was a preservationist
• Creation of Forest Service, Antiquities Act was TR’s greatest legacy
Part 4: Taft and Roosevelt Section 4A: Progressivism Under Taft
• Taft, TR’s handpicked
successor, was easily
elected in 1908
• Taft was more cautious
than TR and his support
for higher tariffs and for higher tariffs and
firing of Pinchot (Forest
Service head) split the
Republicans
• Wilson (Democrat)
defeated TR and Taft in
the 1912 election
Part 4: Taft and Roosevelt Section 4B: Wilson’s New Freedom
• Wilson was an intellectual, reform governor from NJ and professor
• Underwood Tariff reduced rates to their lowest in 50 years
• Federal Reserve Act regulated banks and still in effect today
• Clayton • Clayton
Antitrust Act
strengthened
antitrust
regulation
Part 4: Taft and Roosevelt Section 4C: Women Gain the Vote
• In 1901, women could vote in 4 states so some suffragists such as
Alice Paul used radical tactics to fight for a constitutional amendment
• Women’s patriotism and the leadership of Carrie Chapman Catt of
the NAWSA led to passage of 19th amendment in 1920
1913 Women’s Suffrage March1913 Women’s Suffrage March
Part 4: Taft and Roosevelt Section 4D: Progressivism and the Rights of Blacks
• Roosevelt’s civil rights record
was mixed while Wilson was a
racist and allowed re-segregation
of the executive branch
• WWI mostly ended Progressive
movement in the U.S.movement in the U.S.