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CHAPTER

Dogs

7


History of the Dog• Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000

years ago• Many dogs descended from the wolf

– Ancestor of all dog family: Miacis– Next came Daphaenus and Hesperocyon


–From Hesperocyon came Temnocyon and Cynodesmus

– “Father of modern dogs”: Tomarctus• Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds


The Sporting Group• Developed to help hunters pursue game• Breeds

– Pointer– German Shorthaired Pointer– German Wirehaired Pointer– Labrador Retriever– English Setter– Irish Setter– Brittany– English Springer Spaniel– American Cocker Spaniel


The Hound Group• One type hunts by scent, the other sight• Breeds

– Afghan Hound– Basset Hound– Beagle– Black and Tan Coonhound– Bloodhound– Dachshund– American Foxhound– Greyhound– Norwegian Elkhound


The Terrier Group•Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds and (2) short-legged, small breeds•Used for hunting rodents

• Breeds–Airedale Terrier–Bedlington

Terrier–Border Terrier–Bull Terrier

–Dandie Dinmont Terrier

–Fox Terrier–Miniature

Schnauzer–Skye Terrier–Welsh Terrier


The Working Dog Group

• Developed to labor or work for humans

• Breeds– Alaskan Malamute– Boxer– Doberman Pinscher– Great Dane– Great Pyrenees– Standard Schnauzer– Rottweiler

– Saint Bernard– Samoyed breed– Siberian Husky– Komondor


The Herding Dog Group

• Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock

• Breeds– Collie– German Shepherd– Old English Sheepdog– Shetland Sheepdog– Welsh Corgi


The Toy Dog Group

• Developed as house pets and companions• Breeds

– Chihuahua– Italian Greyhound– Manchester Terrier– Pekingnese– Pug– Yorkshire Terrier– Shih Tzu


The Non-sporting Dogs

• Developed as companions• Breeds

– Boston Terrier– Bulldog– Dalmatian– Lhasa Apso– Poodle


The Miscellaneous Class•American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists

•May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points•Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class

• Breeds– Jack Russell Terrier– Tibetan Mastiff– Beauceron

– Plott– Redbone

Coonhound– Swedish Vallhund


The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds• Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two

different breeds• Common hybrids

– Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle– Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle– Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard

poodle– Puggle: Female beagle and male pug– Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin


Basics of Dog Feeding

• Commercial foods are fast and convenient• Special groups need special feeding

– Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently

– Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed– Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients

• Other feeding suggestions– Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding– Take care with bones




Guidelines for Dog Exercise

• Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals

• Have dogs get physical exams• Condition dogs for strenuous exercise• Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue


Methods of Dog Training

• Basic training– Five basic commands starting as puppy– Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening

• House-training– Praise and scold appropriately– Consider paper training

• Obedience training– Start with short sessions, work longer– Use proper equipment properly


Basics of Dog Grooming and Care

• Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats• Bathing: Every 6-8 weeks with dog shampoo• Nails: Trim monthly• Ears: Clean monthly, no Q-tips• Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of

irritants, rely on veterinary assistance• Teeth: Clean daily if possible


Infectious Dog Diseases• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to

invade and grow in living tissue• Examples

– Canine distemper• Airborne virus• Most often in 3-6 months old• Early signs vomiting and diarrhea• Dog will eventually die• Can be prevented by frequent vaccination


• Infectious canine hepatitis– Highly contagious virus – canine adenovirus– Virus targets liver, kidneys, spleen, and lungs– More common in young dogs– Lethargic, fever, thirsty, moaning– Gums may have yellow tint– Recover or die within 36 hours after initial

signs– Can be prevented with frequent vaccinations


• Leptospirosis–Bacteria–Zoonotic–Contracted through infected rodent urine–High fever, loss of appetite, vomiting,

diarrhea–Treated with antibiotics–Can be prevented with yearly

vaccination


• Canine parvovirus infection–Virus in infected feces–Vomiting and bloody diarrhea–Deaths occur within 48 to 72 hours of

symptoms–More common in unvaccinated puppies–Some breeds more succeptible–Can be prevented with frequent

vaccination


• Infectious tracheobronchitis – Kennel cough–Bacterial–Highly contagious especially in closed

setting – kennel, groomers–Coughing–Treated with antibiotics–Can be prevented with yearly vaccination


Rabies– Virus– Zoonotic– Two types

• Furious– Unnaturally withdrawn

or overly affectionate (lasts 2 days)

– Mad stage – attacks anything

– wandering

– Dumb• Paralysis of lower

jaw – drooling• Paralysis of limbs

and eventually vital organs

– Will die– Can be prevented

with frequent vaccination


Noninfectious Dog Diseases• Caused by physical injuries or genetic

defects or are noncontagious diseases• Examples

– Heart disease– Cataracts– Glaucoma– Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)– Cherry eye– Hip dysplasia


Fungal Dog Diseases

• Ringworm– One of most common fungal diseases– Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and

wild rodents• Systemic fungal infections

– Blastomycosis– Histoplasmosis– Coccidioidomycosis


Internal Dog Parasites

• Roundworms• Hookworms• Whipworms• Tapeworms• Heartworms


External Dog Parasites

• Fleas• Ticks• Lice• Mites• Chiggers


Poisonings

• Insecticides• Plants• Household chemicals• Herbicides• Medications• Metal poisonings• Antifreeze


Reproduction• Females – first estrus between 6 and 12

months of age• During mating dogs “tie”

– Male’s penis swells inside female– Dogs will stand rear to rear– DO NOT try to separate dogs when they are in

this stage – will cause harm to them• Gestation 63 days on average• Wean puppies after 6 weeks


• Un-neutered males can get testicular cancer• Can be more aggressive• Will have a tendency to roam in search of

mate• Un-neutered females can get breast cancers• Pseudopregnancy – female will “act” pregnant

but is not• Can get pyometra – infected uterus

– Must have surgery to spay or dog will die

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