Chapter 5.11 -Chapter 5.11 -Naming & Formula Naming & Formula

Writing for Writing for Molecular Molecular

CompoundsCompounds

Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds Molecular compounds are those made Molecular compounds are those made

up of exclusively up of exclusively non-metal atomsnon-metal atoms. .

Molecular compounds bond by Molecular compounds bond by sharingsharing valence electrons to gain a valence electrons to gain a filled outermost shell. As a result, filled outermost shell. As a result, these are referred to as these are referred to as covalentcovalent bondsbonds..

Common examples include pure Common examples include pure oxygen (Ooxygen (O22), carbon dioxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO22), ), water (Hwater (H22O) and glucose (CO) and glucose (C66HH1212OO66). ).

The “7” Diatomic MoleculesThe “7” Diatomic Molecules

There are seven molecular There are seven molecular elements that are frequently found elements that are frequently found in their natural form as in their natural form as diatomic diatomic molecules (two atoms)molecules (two atoms). These are:. These are:

II22(s)(s) IodineIodine “I”“I” BrBr2(l)2(l) Bromine Bromine “Bring”“Bring” ClCl2(g)2(g) Chlorine Chlorine “Clay”“Clay” FF2(g)2(g) FluorineFluorine “For”“For” OO2(g)2(g) OxygenOxygen “Our”“Our” NN2(g)2(g) NitrogenNitrogen “New”“New” HH2(g)2(g) HydrogenHydrogen “House”“House”

Naming Binary Naming Binary Molecular CompoundsMolecular Compounds

Binary molecular compounds are Binary molecular compounds are those that contain two different types those that contain two different types of non-metal elements in their of non-metal elements in their molecular formulamolecular formula e.g. CO, Ce.g. CO, C33HH88, NO, NO22, BF, BF33, P, P44OO1010, etc., etc.

To name binary molecular To name binary molecular compounds, we must use prefixes to compounds, we must use prefixes to denote how many of each atom appear denote how many of each atom appear in the molecular formulain the molecular formula

Molecular prefixesMolecular prefixes

The prefixes used in molecular The prefixes used in molecular compound nomenclature are:compound nomenclature are:

1 – mono1 – mono 6 – hexa6 – hexa

2 – di2 – di 7 – hepta7 – hepta

3 – tri3 – tri 8 – octa8 – octa

4 – tetra4 – tetra 9 – nona9 – nona

5 – penta5 – penta 10 – deca10 – deca

Molecular NomenclatureMolecular Nomenclature To name binary molecular compounds:To name binary molecular compounds:

11stst atom: atom: prefix* + prefix* + element nameelement name 22ndnd atom: prefix + element stem + “ide” atom: prefix + element stem + “ide”* * the prefix “mono” is always omitted for the 1the prefix “mono” is always omitted for the 1stst atom atom

Try some:Try some: COCO22

carbon carbon didioxoxideide NN22OO

didinitrogen nitrogen monomonoxxideide PP44OO1010

tetratetraphosphorus phosphorus decadecaoxoxideide CSCS22

carbon carbon didisulfsulfideide

Molecular NomenclatureMolecular Nomenclature

Many molecular compounds have Many molecular compounds have common names that have not common names that have not changed over time such as:changed over time such as: HH22O = waterO = water HH22OO22 = hydrogen peroxide = hydrogen peroxide OO33 = ozone = ozone CHCH44 = methane = methane NHNH33 = ammonia = ammonia

HomeworkHomework

Q. 1-5 p.204.Q. 1-5 p.204. Wksht. 5.11.Wksht. 5.11.