Chapter 5 The Periodic Table. Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 OBJECTIVE : Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across

Chapter 5The Periodic Table

Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 OBJECTIVE:

Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table.

Identify properties across groups and families

•Do Now:• Ancient Names for the Elements

•Today: • Homework Check and Review

• Atomic Basics Review • Chapter 5 - Periodic Table Notes

•Homework:• Read Chapter 5.1 & complete 5.1 GRWS• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1




•Do Now:• Interpreting the Periodic Table

•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.1 GRWS• Finish Periodic Table Notes• DVD Field Trips – Chapters 4 & 5

•Homework:• Read Chapter 5.2 and complete 5.2 GRWS• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1




•Do Now:• Word Wise Chapter 5

•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.2 GRWS• Class read Chap 5.3 and GRWS• Notebook and Project check - individual• The Element Song (s)

•Homework:• Periodic Table poster cards• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1




•Do Now:• Who Am I?

•Today: • Homework check/ review 5.3 GRWS• Periodic Table Element Challenge • Assemble Periodic Table Poster

•Homework:• Advertise-the-Elements project Due Wed 4/1

Unit 2 Chapter 6 Day 5OBJECTIVE:

Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families,

of the elements in the Periodic Table.

•Do Now:Turn in Do Now #4/5 (__pages)

•Today: •Finish Periodic Table Poster•Great Discoveries with Bill Nye •Homework:•Chapter 4 & 5 Quiz TOMORROW

ORGANIZE and Prepare NOTEBOOK


Demonstrate knowledge of the arrangement , and properties across groups and families,

of the elements in the Periodic Table.

•Do Now:Turn in Advertise the Element Project

•Today: •QUIZ (Open Notebook) – Chapters 4 & 5

• Turn in Notebook when done ( __ pages)•Homework:•Current Events – 5 seconds

The Periodic Table of Elements

Chapter 5

• Question:

What Letter Is not Found in the Periodic Table?

Answer: The letter "J“ .Note that the letter "Q" does not appear in any official element names. However, temporary element names, such as ununquadium, do contain this letter.

What is the Periodic Table?• It is an organizational system for elements.

• Pre-periodic table chemistry was a MESS!

Who created it?

• In 1869, Russian chemist Dimitri Mendeleev proposed arranging elements by atomic weights and properties.

• The table contained gaps but Mendeleev predicted the discovery of new elements. (He was right!)

Mendeleev’s Table• Recorded properties

of 63 elements• Chemical properties

– Valence power (how it bonds)

• Physical properties– Atomic mass– Density– Color– Melting point

The Modern Periodic TableSo how is it arranged?

• The genius of the periodic table is that it is organized like a big grid.

• The elements are placed in specific places because of the way they look and act.

• Elements are put in tows by increasing ATOMIC NUMBER

• Horizontal Rows = Period– Labeled 1 to 7

• Vertical columns = Groups– Labeled from 1 to 18

You've got Your Periods...

• Even though they skip some squares in between, all of the rows go left to right.

• When you look at a periodic table, each of the rows is considered to be a different period (Get it? Like PERIODic table.)

Periods = Rows

• In the periodic table, elements have something in common if they are in the same row.

• All of the elements in a period have the same number of atomic orbitals.

• Every element in the top row (the first period) has one orbital for its electrons. All of the elements in the second row (the second period) have two orbitals for their electrons. It goes down the periodic table like that.

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_orbital.html

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_orbital.html

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/atom_electron.html

And you got your groups…

• The periodic table has a special name for its columns, too.

• When a column goes from top to bottom, it's called a group.

Groups = Columns• The elements in a group have the same

number of electrons in their outer orbital. • Elements in a group have similar chemical and

physical properties.• Every element in the first column (group one)

has one electron in its outer shell. Every element on the second column (group two) has two electrons in the outer shell.

• There are some exceptions to the order when you look at the transition elements, but you get the general idea.

http://www.chem4kids.com/files/elem_transmetal.html

Other than periods and groups, the table is divided into FAMILIES.

-Families have names not numbers-May be in one column or spread across several columns

•1st column (NOT Hydrogen)

•very reactive metals, always combine withsomething else (like salt NaCl)

•malleable, ductile, good conductors of heat and electricity.

•can explode if they are exposed to water

ALKALI METALS

From www.science-class.net

•2nd column

•Reactive metals that are always combined with nonmetals in nature

•Several are important mineral nutrients (Ca and Mg)

ALKLINE EARTH METALS

•Groups 3-12

•Less reactive and harder metals

•Used in jewelry and construction (as “metal”)

•iron, cobalt, and nickel, are the only elements known to produce a magnetic field.

TRANSITION METALS

The chemistry of fireworks:

Sodium produces yellow/gold colors. Barium creates green, copper compounds produce blue, strontium salts give you red and titanium metals give you silver colored sparks.

•Many are man-made

RARE EARTH ELEMENTS

•Elements in Group 17

•Very reactive, volatile, non metals

•"halogen" means "salt-former" and compounds containing halogens are called "salts"

HALOGENS (HALIDES)

•Elements in Group 18

•Very Unreactive - do not form compounds easily

•Happy/Inert Elements (Full valance/outer shell – 8 electrons)

NOBLE GASES

Two ways to look at the right side

of the periodic table….

(1)Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals

(2)Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families

•are ductile and malleable

•are solid, have a high density,

OTHER METALS

(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals

Gallium (symbol Ga and atomic number 31) has a melting point of temperature of 29.76 °C (85.57 °F), which is slightly above room temperature. If you hold it in your hand long enough, it will start to melt.

•have properties of both metals and non-metals

•some of the metalloids are semi-conductors. This means that they can carry an electrical charge under special conditions. This property makes metalloids useful in computers and calculators

METALLOIDS(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals

•not able to conduct electricity or heat very well

•very brittle

•Do not reflect light.

NON-METALS


(1) Other Metals, Metalloids and NonMetals

Boron Family

• Elements in Group 13• B, Al, Ga, In, Tl• FYI: Aluminum was

once considered rare and expensive and not a “disposable” metal

(2) Boron, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen families

Carbon Family

• Elements in Group 14• C, Si, Ge, Sn, Pb• Contains elements important to LIFE

and Computers• Carbon is the basis for an entire branch

of chemistry (Organic Chemistry)• Silicon and Germanium are important

semiconductors


Nitrogen Family

• Elements in group 15• N, P, As, Sb, Bi• Nitrogen makes up over

78% of our air/atmosphere• Nitrogen and Phosphorus are important to life• The red stuff on the tip of matches is

phosphorus


Oxygen Family

• Elements in group 16• O, S, Se, Te, Po• Oxygen necessary for respiration in animals• Many stinky things contain sulfur (rotten eggs,

garlic, skunk oil, etc.)


1.Which elements had complete outer shells? Give the name and symbol for each.

________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____

What do you notice about the location of these elements?

Helium He Neon Ne Argon Ar

The elements are in the same column at the far right side of the table.

2. Which elements had only one valence electron? Give the name and symbol for each.

________________ _____ ________________ _____ ________________ _____

What do you notice about the location of these elements?

Hydrogen H Lithium Li Sodium Na

The elements are in the same column at the far left side of the table.

3. What do you notice about the number of valence electrons as you move from left to right across a row or period in the periodic table?

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar

Na – 1 Mg – 2 Al – 3 Si – 4

The number of valence electrons

increases by one as you move across each column.

4. What do you notice about the number of energy levels or shells as you move down a group or column in the periodic table?

H LiNa

H – 1

Li – 2

Na - 3

The number of energy levels

increases by one as you move down each row.

*5. Write the name of each family at the top of the columns on your PERIODIC TABLE POSTER using the following information.

Alkali Metals - 1 valence electronAlkaline Earth Metals - 2 valence electrons

Boron Family - 3 valence electronsCarbon Family - 4 valence electrons

Nitrogen Family - 5 valence electronsOxygen Family - 6 valence electrons

Halides - 7 valence electronsNoble Gases - Complete outermost shell

6. What do you notice about the location of the elements in each family?The elements in each family are in the

same columns.

Alkali

Metals

Alkaline

Earth

MetalsBoron

FamilyCarbon

Family Nitrogen

Family Oxygen

Family Halides

Noble

Gases

7. In what family would you classify hydrogen? Explain.Alkali Metals – Hydrogen has only one valence electron so it could be

classified with the alkali metals. OR

Halides – Hydrogen only needs one more valence electron to fill its outer

shell so it could be classified with the halides.

Alkali Metals

AlkalineEarthMetals

BoronFamily

CarbonFamily

NitrogenFamily

OxygenFamily Halides

Noble Gases

8. In what family would each of these elements be classified?

Radium - _____________________ Tin - ________________________

Iodine - _____________________ Cesium - _____________________

Alkali Metals

AlkalineEarthMetals

BoronFamily

CarbonFamily

NitrogenFamily

OxygenFamily Halides

Noble Gases

Alkaline Earth Metals

Halide

Carbon Family

Alkali Metals

9.Predict the number of valence electrons for each element based on its location in the Periodic Table

Barium = ____ Lead = _____ Bismuth = ___ Potassium = _____

2 45 1

What do all the numbers mean ?


Documents

Chapter 5 The Periodic Table. Unit 2 Chapter 5 Day 1 OBJECTIVE : Describe the arrangement of elements in the Periodic Table. Identify properties across