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Chapter 5 - Reconstruction
Section 1: Presidential ReconstructionSection 2: Congressional Reconstruction
Section 3: Birth of the “New South”Section 4: The End of Reconstruction
Section 1: Presidential Reconstruction
TEKS – 24G, 25C
TEKS
24G Support a point of view on a social studies issue
or event. 25C
Transfer information from one medium to another, including written to visual and statistical to written or visual, using computer software as appropriate.
Reconstruction
Reconstruction – a federal government program to repair the damage to the South and restore the southern states to the Union.
Postwar South’s Three Major Groups of People: Black Southerners
Found themselves homeless, jobless, and hungry Worked for former masters
Plantation Owners Land taken by the government or in debt
Poor White Southerners No jobs so they migrated west
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan Ten Percent Plan
1. Offered a pardon, or forgiveness of crime, to any Confederate who would take an oath of allegiance
2. No pardons for Confederates who killed African Americans
3. States can hold convention to create new Constitution if state had at least 10 percent allegiance
4. States could then hold elections and resume full participation
Radical Republicans – groups of Republicans who were opposed to Lincoln’s plan for reconstruction
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Presidential Reconstruction1. Pardoned southerners who swore allegiance
2. Permitted each state to hold a constitutional convention
3. States had to void secession, abolish slavery, and repudiate the Confederate debt
4. States could then hold elections and rejoin the Union
African Americans Gain Freedoms
Freedom of Movement Took to the roads
Freedom to Own Land Wanted federal government to redistribute southern land
Freedom to Worship New lack organizations popped up in the South, most
visibly churches Freedom to Learn
Had the ability to learn The Freedman’s Bureau
The first major federal relief agency that gave out clothing, medical supplies, and millions of meals
Section 2: Congressional
Reconstruction
TEKS – 7A, 7C, 8B, 19B, 24D, 24G
TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments.
7C Evaluate government efforts, including the Civil Rights Act of 1964, to achieve equality
in the United States. 8B
Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
19B Evaluate the contributions of significant political and social leaders in the United States
such as Andrew Carnegie, Shirley Chisholm, and Franklin D. Roosevelt. 24D
Use the process of historical inquiry to research, interpret, and use multiple sources of evidence.
24G Support a point of view on a social studies issue or event.
Black Codes
Black Codes – laws that restricted freedman’s rights
1. Curfews – no gathering after sunset
2. Vagrancy laws – punishment for not working
3. Labor contracts – agreements for work
4. Land restrictions – forced to live on plantations
Fourteenth Amendment
To guarantee citizens equal protection under the law
Civil rights – citizens’ personal liberties guaranteed by law, such as voting rights and equal treatment
Reconstruction Act of 1867
1. South under military rule, separated into five districts
2. New elections for delegates to create new state constitutions
3. All qualified male voters to vote in state elections
4. Barred supporters of Confederacy from voting
5. Southern states had to guarantee equal rights
6. Required states to ratify the 14th amendment
Johnson is Impeached
Impeach – to charge a President with wrongdoing in office
Left Johnson as a lame duck in office In 1868, General Ulysses S. Grant is elected
President
Fifteenth Amendment
No citizen may be denied the right to vote Texas v. White (1869)
Illegal for any state to secede Upheld Congress’s right to restructure
With these in place, African Americans begin to gain elected positions
The Republican South
Carpetbaggers – northern Republicans who moved to the postwar South to make a quick profit
Scalawag – white southern Republicans seen as traitors
Section 3: Birth of the “New South”
TEKS – 7A, 8B, 20A, 24H
TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments.
8B Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and
patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
20A Describe how the characteristics and issues of various eras in
U.S. history have been reflected in works of art, music, and literature such as the paintings of Georgia O'Keeffe, rock and roll, and John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath.
24H Use appropriate mathematical skills to interpret social studies
information such as maps and graphs.
Changes in Farming
Sharecropping – System of farming in which a farmer tends some portion of a planter’s land and receives a share of the crop at harvest time as payment. 50 cents a day
Tenant Farming – Farmers paid to own the land they were farming.
Effects on the South’s Economy
1. Changes in the Labor Force– 90% harvested by slaves => 40% harvested by
white laborers2. Emphasis on Cash Crops
– Cotton, tobacco, and Sugar cane3. Cycle of Debt4. Rise of Merchants
– Stores would sell supplies on credit
Reconstruction Efforts
Poured money into infrastructure The public property and services that a society
uses. Corruption
Much of the money went to those who didn’t need it
Section 4: The End of Reconstruction
TEKS – 7A, 7C, 8B, 24A
TEKS 7A
Trace the historical development of the civil rights movement in the 18th, 19th, and 20th centuries, including the 13th, 14th, 15th amendments.
7C Evaluate government efforts, including the Civil Rights Act of
1964, to achieve equality in the United States. 8B
Pose and answer questions about geographic distributions and patterns shown on maps, graphs, charts, models, and databases.
24A Locate and use primary and secondary sources such as
computer software, databases, media and news services, biographies, interviews, and artifacts to acquire information about the United States.
KKK
To keep African-Americans in the role of submissive laborers
Pretended to be ghosts of the Confederate soldiers, returned from the dead in search of revenge against enemies of the South.
Enforcement Act of 1870
Banned the use of terror, force, or bribery to prevent people from voting because of their race. Wiped out the KKK within a year.
The End of Reconstruction
1. Corruption• Legislatures symbolized corruption, greed, and poor
government2. Economy
• Southern states deeper in debt and economic downturn in 1873
3. Violence• When federal troops withdrew from the south, violence
replaced them
4. Democrats Return to Power• Last ex-Confederates had been pardoned and they
formed the solid South (a bloc of Democratic voters)
Compromise of 1877
Election of 1876 Republican - Rutherford B. Hayes
Wins Electoral college vote Democrat – Samuel Tilden
Wins popular vote and electoral college Compromise
North Gets - Rutherford B. Hayes as president South Gets - End of Reconstruction, removal of
federal troops from the South, and money for levees and railroads
End of Chapter 5 - Reconstruction
Prepare for a QUIZ!