Chapter 5 Project Description - BP · PDF fileChapter 5 . Project Description. 80343_ESIA_ADD_chapter_div.indd 5 05/03/2014 11:16. SCP Expansion Project, Georgia ... 5.4.9 Construction

Chapter 5 Project Description

80343_ESIA_ADD_chapter_div.indd 5 05/03/2014 11:16

SCP Expansion Project, Georgia Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Addendum

Draft for Disclosure (Amended)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ............................................................................... 5-1 5.1 Introduction ............................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Project Objective and Overview ................................................................ 5-1

5.2.1 Project Schedule ............................................................................................. 5-4 5.2.2 Project Development ...................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.3 Project Need and Consideration of Alternatives .............................................. 5-5 5.2.4 Feasibility Studies and Consideration of Design/Routing Alternatives ............. 5-5 5.2.5 Basic Engineering and Environmental Scoping ............................................... 5-5 5.2.6 Front-End Engineering and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment

(ESIA)..................................................................................................................... 5-5 5.2.7 Project Footprint ............................................................................................. 5-5 5.2.8 Project Land Requirements ............................................................................ 5-6

5.3 Pipeline Design and Route ....................................................................... 5-7 5.3.1 Design ............................................................................................................ 5-7 5.3.2 Pipeline Route ................................................................................................ 5-7 5.3.3 Aboveground Installations on Pipeline Route ................................................ 5-10

5.4 Pipeline Construction .............................................................................. 5-11 5.4.1 Pipeline Construction Overview .................................................................... 5-11 5.4.2 Delivery of Line Pipe to the Pipe Yard and ROW .......................................... 5-11 5.4.3 Temporary Access Roads ............................................................................. 5-12 5.4.4 Preparation of Pipeline Loop Right of Way .................................................... 5-13 5.4.5 Pipe Stringing ............................................................................................... 5-16 5.4.6 Trenching...................................................................................................... 5-16 5.4.7 Crossings of Linear Features ........................................................................ 5-16 5.4.8 Fault Crossing .............................................................................................. 5-17 5.4.9 Construction of Pipeline AGIs ....................................................................... 5-18

5.5 SCPX Facilities Design and Construction ............................................... 5-18 5.5.1 PRMS ........................................................................................................... 5-18

5.6 Facility Construction ................................................................................ 5-19 5.7 Project Commissioning and Reinstatement ............................................ 5-19

5.7.1 Pipeline Hydrostatic Testing.......................................................................... 5-19 5.7.2 Pipeline Venting During Commissioning ....................................................... 5-20 5.7.3 Reinstatement and Landscape Works .......................................................... 5-20

5.8 Project Operation and Maintenance ........................................................ 5-20 5.9 Resources, Wastes and Emissions ......................................................... 5-20

5.9.1 Labour .......................................................................................................... 5-20 5.9.2 Operation ...................................................................................................... 5-20 5.9.3 Construction Equipment ................................................................................ 5-20 5.9.4 Estimated Emissions from Pipeline Construction .......................................... 5-20 5.9.5 Estimated Wastes from Pipeline Construction .............................................. 5-21 5.9.6 Estimated Emissions from Facility and Pipeline Operation ............................ 5-22

5.10 Decommissioning .................................................................................... 5-23 5.11 Conclusion .............................................................................................. 5-23

Project Description i

SCP Expansion Project, Georgia

Environmental and Social Impact Assessment Addendum Draft for Disclosure (Amended)

Tables Table 5-1: Estimated Footprint (Temporary and Permanent) Associated with the Project Design Updates ........................................................................................... 5-6 Table 5-2: Permanent Land Requirements Estimates Associated with the Project Design Updates ....................................................................................................... 5-6 Table 5-3: Temporary Land Requirements Estimates Associated with the Project Design Updates ....................................................................................................... 5-6 Table 5-4: Crossings Schedule ............................................................................. 5-10 Table 5-5: Estimated Emissions from Pipeline Construction ................................. 5-21 Table 5-6: Pipeline Construction Waste ................................................................ 5-21 Table 5-7: Estimated Annual Emissions from Facility and Pipeline Operation ...... 5-22 Figures Figure 5-1: Schematic 48” SCPX Pipeline and Facilities ......................................... 5-2 Figure 5-2: Additional SCPX Pipeline Sections in Georgia ...................................... 5-3 Figure 5-3: Schematic representation of SCPX KPs between Final ESIA and ESIA Addendum ............................................................................................................... 5-4 Figure 5-4: Anticipated SCPX Project Programme .................................................. 5-4 Figure 5-5: Additional Eastern Section of SCPX Pipeline Route within Georgia ..... 5-8 Figure 5-6: Additional Western Section of SCPX Pipeline Route within Georgia .... 5-9 Figure 5-7: Location of Rail Spur and Offloading Area at Akhaltsikhe and Access Route to Additional Western Section of Pipeline ................................................... 5-12 Figure 5-8: Pipeline Access Routes Used for BTC Pipeline Construction ............. 5-13 Figure 5-9: Indicative Layout of Construction Right of Way where Rock Blasting is Required ................................................................................................................ 5-15 Figure 5-10: Preliminary Typical Open-Cut Road Crossing ................................... 5-17 Figure 5-11: Preliminary Typical Trenchless Foreign Services Crossing .............. 5-17 Figure 5-12: Preliminary Typical Open-Cut Foreign Services Crossing ................ 5-17 Figure 5-13: Updated Fault Crossing Design ........................................................ 5-18

Project Description ii



5 PROJECT DESCRIPTION

5.1 Introduction This chapter of the ESIA Addendum describes the Project design updates, taking account of the alternatives selected for the Project that have been discussed in Chapter 4 of the ESIA Addendum. A decrease in pipeline diameter from 56” to 48” results in some minor variations that have been highlighted below; the engineering and construction approach, described in Chapter 5 of the SCPX Final ESIA, remains largely unchanged and is referred to throughout this chapter. The base case will be subject to refinement and potential change during the ongoing detailed engineering phase, but where design decisions have yet to be taken, this Project description describes more than one alternative. This chapter represents the proposed Project description as this document is subject to review and approval by the appropriate Georgian authorities. Aspects of the updated Project design that have been developed specifically to mitigate potential environmental or social impacts are included in the commitments register of the ESIA Addendum (Appendix E) and are identified in this chapter by a reference number in parentheses following the commitment. Refer to Section 5.1 of the Final ESIA for a full description of commitments and numbering and to Figure 10.1, Chapter 10 for a guide to how commitments in the ESIA are linked to the Commitments Register. Where kilometre points (KPs) are mentioned to describe the location of certain features, these denote the nearest kilometre point on the updated SCPX pipeline loop. Where no SCPX pipeline is present, the KP denotes the nearest kilometre point on the existing SCP pipeline. The activities described in this chapter are the focus of the impact assessment presented in Chapters 10 and 12.

5.2 Project Objective and Overview The objective of the SCPX Project is to increase the capacity of the existing SCP pipeline to enable the transport of an additional 16 billion cubic metres per annum (bcma) of gas from the Shah Deniz 2 (SD2) development in the Caspian Sea in Azerbaijan to the Georgia–Turkey border. The gas will be supplied to domestic markets in Georgia and Turkey, with the majority of the gas being transported onwards to European markets. The purpose of this chapter is to describe the subsequent updates to the Project associated with the change in pipeline diameter from 56” to 48”. Throughout the text it will be necessary to refer to the overall Project at certain points to provide context, although repetition with the SCPX Final ESIA has been avoided by cross referencing where appropriate. For a complete overview of the SCPX Project please refer to the Final ESIA Chapter 5. The following updates to the SCPX Project design are proposed:

• A 48”-diameter (1219mm) looped pipeline in Azerbaijan starting at SCPX KP0 (SCP KP23) and continuing to SCPX KP424. The change to 48” now includes an additional 34km of pipeline at the eastern end of the pipeline in Azerbaijan. The additional section of pipeline will be routed parallel to the existing SCP and Baku–Tbilisi–Ceyhan (BTC) pipelines for much of its length

• The intermediate pigging station will therefore be re-located to the new start point of the pipeline loop in Azerbaijan at SCPX KP0 (SCP KP 23)

Project Description 5-1



• In Georgia the pipeline diameter will also be reduced to 48” and an additional c.6km

of pipeline will be constructed, extending to SCPX KP62.3 instead of KP56.6. The additional section of pipeline will be routed parallel to the existing SCP and BTC pipelines

• The pigging station in Georgia will therefore be relocated to KP62.3 where the new pipeline reconnects with the SCP pipeline

• A 2.5km section of 48” pipeline in Georgia between SCP 689-691 is required for a connection between SCPX and the Trans Anatolian Gas Pipeline (TANAP) in Turkey

• Areas for the temporary installation of vents at the pigging station and the block valve (KP28).

Figure 5-1 presents a schematic the 48” SCPX pipeline and facilities.

Figure 5-1: Schematic 48” SCPX Pipeline and Facilities

Designing the pipeline concept such that hydraulic requirements are met is of key importance. The aim is to understand where the pressure drops and finding the best point that balances the pressure needs of the Project. The relationship between pipeline diameter, pipeline length and pressure is described in more detail in Chapter 4. Figure 5-2 presents the additional 5.7km section at SCPX KP 56.6-62.3 and 2.5km in Akhaltsikhe PRMS KP 0-2.5.




Figure 5-2: Additional SCPX Pipeline Sections in Georgia




In response to comments made during the disclosure of the original draft ESIA Addendum regarding the KP numbering system, Figure 5-3 below clarifies that the pipeline loop within the SCPX Final ESIA terminated at KP56.3 which was rounded down to KP56. Due to minor adjustments to the pipeline route within CSG1 this point is now KP56.6 and the additional section of pipeline considered in the ESIA Addendum commences at KP 56.6, thus demonstrating that each kilometre of the pipeline has been assessed in either the SCPX Final ESIA or the ESIA Addendum.

Figure 5-3: Schematic representation of SCPX KPs between Final ESIA and ESIA Addendum

5.2.1 Project Schedule The anticipated programme for design, construction and commissioning of the SCPX Project by the end of 2018 is presented in Figure 5-4.

Figure 5-4: Anticipated SCPX Project Programme




The SCPX Final ESIA for the 56” design was approved by the Georgian Government in June 2013. The ESIA Addendum, covering the updated 48”-diameter pipeline design is due to be submitted to the Georgian Government for approval in Autumn 2014. There is expected to be no change to the overall construction schedule, which is described in Section 5.2.1 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.2.2 Project Development The sequence of events leading up to the implementation of the SCPX Project is the same as those outlined in Section 5.2.2 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.2.3 Project Need and Consideration of Alternatives The need for the reduction in diameter and additional pipeline sections is presented in Chapter 4 of the ESIA Addendum. Various strategic alternatives have been studied and evaluated to give the most efficient, cost-effective, safe and environmentally and socially acceptable scheme to provide the increased capacity required of this pipeline delivery system.

5.2.4 Feasibility Studies and Consideration of Design/Routing Alternatives The Project concept, as described in Section 0 above, represents the culmination of a process of field investigations, design and environmental assessments to determine the best option that meets the Project objectives. The process is ongoing and will continue until the proposed scheme is implemented. The results of key feasibility studies and alternatives are discussed in Chapter 4.

5.2.5 Basic Engineering and Environmental Scoping The basic engineering generated a conceptual design for the whole of the SCPX Project. An integral part of that process was an assessment of the optimum length of the pipeline and the location of the associated facilities. The environmental baseline surveys, risk assessments and environmental scoping that were carried out informed the conceptual design for the Project.

5.2.6 Front-End Engineering and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) Front-end engineering started in 2011 for the initial 56”-diameter pipeline design, with additional work for the 48” Project design updates taking place from mid-2013. To account for changes associated with pipeline design updates, international ESIA consultants were appointed to produce the ESIA Addendum, building on scoping studies and environmental and social work undertaken during the basic engineering. The route of the proposed additional sections of the SCPX pipeline loop has been walked and surveyed by engineers and environmental specialists, including topographical survey teams and ecologists. As part of the ESIA Addendum, a social assessment has been undertaken to identify potential impacts and reduce potential disturbances to surrounding communities and the livelihoods of the inhabitants. Positive impacts, such as employment, are also identified and, where possible, enhanced. Stakeholders in Georgia were consulted to gain local knowledge of the proposed pipeline route and the locations of the AGIs. This allowed for improved identification and assessment of preferred locations for the pipeline route and AGIs.

5.2.7 Project Footprint The ‘Project footprint’ is the total estimated physical area of land required by the Project or a component of the Project, such as a pigging station site. Following the route refinement, the total estimated temporary Project footprint for the pipeline ROW has been revised and is currently 290.5ha including 33.4ha for the additional sections of pipeline. Approximately 35ha of the pipeline ROW overlaps with the existing BTC/SCP ROW, which is owned by




BTC Co. These estimates include local increases in the ROW on both sections to account for the ground conditions and constructability constraints (Section 5.4.4). The estimated footprints of the block valve and pigging station have increased to account for drainage ditches and access roads. The PRMS has been expanded to accommodate the additional equipment required to support the western section of pipeline (Section 5.5.1), with a 2ha increase in the permanent footprint and 1ha increase in the temporary footprint. Table 5-1 shows a summary of the additional footprint associated with the Project design updates.

Table 5-1: Estimated Footprint (Temporary and Permanent) Associated with the Project Design Updates

Temporary Footprint Location Area (m2) Area (ha) Pipeline ROW KP0-56.6 2,052,000 205.2 Pipeline ROW KP56.6-62.3 243,800 24.4 Pipeline ROW PRMS KP0-2.5 90,000 9 River, road, rail and infrastructure crossings 479,278 47.9 PRMS expansion 10,000 1 Total 48”-diameter pipeline temporary footprint 2,875,078 287.5

Permanent Footprint Location Revised area (m2)

Revised area (ha)

Pigging station and access road 7,179 0.7 Block valve and access road 2,500 2.5 PRMS expansion 20,000 2 Total 48”-diameter pipeline permanent footprint 29,679 2.7

5.2.8 Project Land Requirements The ‘Project land’ area is the total amount of land that will be acquired by the Project, but may not be directly used. Project land requirements will therefore be larger than Project footprint requirements. Land acquisition for permanent land needs is generally larger than the total footprint as additional areas have been purchased to accommodate land ownership. In the case of the block valve and pigging station the land requirements include the temporary vent areas, which are described in more detail in Section 5.3.3 . Table 5-2 and Table 5-3 show the permanent and temporary land requirements associated with the Project design updates.

Table 5-2: Permanent Land Requirements Estimates Associated with the Project Design Updates

Location Total (ha) Pigging station 3 Block valve 2 PRMS expansion 2.3

Table 5-3: Temporary Land Requirements Estimates Associated with the Project Design Updates

Location Total (ha) PRMS expansion 0.5

Construction will be carried out within the above areas, so no additional temporary land is needed for the block valve and pigging station. It is currently estimated that the total surface of the pipeline ROW in Georgia is approximately 290.5 hectares (this is discussed in further detail in Section 5.4.4).




5.3 Pipeline Design and Route

5.3.1 Design The Host Government Agreement (HGA) requires that the Project conform to a prescribed set of technical standards. These standards and the Project design basis, described in Section 5.3.1 of the SCPX Final ESIA, remain applicable to the updated 48”-diameter pipeline design, including the additional sections of the SCPX pipeline. Nevertheless, owing to the change in pipeline diameter from 56” to 48” and associated additional pipeline and AGI location, there are certain alterations to the Project design basis, which are described below.

Pipeline diameter and materials The 48”-diameter pipeline will comprise line pipe formed of continuously welded, high-grade API 5L Grade X70 carbon steel with an outside diameter of 48 inches (1219mm) and a nominal 16.7mm wall thickness where the route crosses agricultural land. The wall thickness of the pipe is determined by operating pressure considerations while applying the specified 0.72 design factor. In areas of particular environmental or social risk, where an increase safety factor applies, the wall thickness will increase from 16.7mm for a design factor of 0.72 to 20.1mm for a design factor of 0.6, and increasing up to a maximum of 24.1mm for a design factor of 0.5.

Corrosion protection Corrosion protection for the 48” pipeline remains the same as outlined in Section 5.4.6 of the SCPX Final ESIA, for example the additional section of pipeline will also be protected from corrosion by an impressed current cathodic protection system.

5.3.2 Pipeline Route The Project design updates result in an additional 5.7km of route, from SCPX KP56.6 to KP62.3, and an additional 2.5 km of route near the Turkish border from PRMS KP 0-2.5 (see Figure 5-5 and Figure 5-6). The additional SCPX pipeline route follows the SCP/BTC pipeline routes with minor deviations at SCPX KP59-60.5 and SCPX KP61.5 to account for third-party infrastructure and at PRMS KP2 to account for a gully.




Figure 5-5: Additional Eastern Section of SCPX Pipeline Route within Georgia




Figure 5-6: Additional Western Section of SCPX Pipeline Route within Georgia




Pipeline crossings Crossings are defined as the intersection between the proposed pipeline route and pre-existing features such as watercourses, roads and tracks. Table 5-4 identifies crossing features on the additional sections of pipeline.

Table 5-4: Crossings Schedule Crossing Feature Nearest KP Point Proposed Crossing Method Additional eastern section of pipeline

Track KP58 (4 crossings), KP59 (2 crossings), KP60, KP61, KP62 Open-cut

Stream KP59, KP61, KP62 Open-cut and/or Non-open-cut (trenchless)

Asphalt road KP59, KP62 Non-open-cut (trenchless)

Underground pipe or cable KP57 (2 crossings), KP58 (2 crossings), KP59 (2 crossings), KP60 (2 crossings), KP61 (3 crossings), KP62 (5 crossings)

Open-cut and/or non-open-cut (trenchless)

Additional western section of pipeline

Track PRMS KP1 (3 crossings), KP2 (3 crossings) Open-cut

Stream PRMS KP1 (3 crossings), PRMS KP2 (3 crossings) Open-cut

Asphalt road PRMS KP1 Non-open-cut (trenchless)

Underground pipe or cable PRMS KP1 (7 crossings), PRMS KP2 (3 crossings)

Open-cut and/or Non-open-cut (trenchless)

5.3.3 Aboveground Installations on Pipeline Route

Pigging station As a result of the extension of the pipeline route in Eastern Georgia, the pigging station will be moved to approximately KP62.3, where the 48”-diameter pipeline loop connects to the existing 42”-diameter SCP pipeline. The pigging station design remains the same as described in Section 5.3.3 of the SCPX Final ESIA, with the exception of the method of power generation, and the addition of an area to undertake venting, as outlined below. The pigging station power supply has been revised from the use of eight thermal electric generator (TEG) units, with an individual output of approximately 0.55kW to the use of diesel generators. This change is to ensure the power supply meets Project standards and considers the fact that the stations will require power with diesel generators in the period prior to gas flowing through the pipeline. The new pigging station will have two diesel generators, one on standby and another that will run for approximately 10 hours at a time, charging the batteries to power the local equipment rooms. The generators will be sized at approximately 10kW and the operating generator is expected to run for a maximum of 50% of the time. The pigging station will also be equipped with the provision for a future grid connection. The diesel system will also include a diesel tank (approximately 55 litres) and a diesel pump. The use of diesel generators leads to a reduction in fuel consumption and associated emissions as described in Section 5.9.6. Within the vent area, a temporary vent pipe will be installed and used during pipeline commissioning then dismantled and removed. A vent pipe may also be installed if needed for venting for maintenance, although it is expected that this would be needed rarely, if at all.




The vent pipe will be approximately 8–10 inches in diameter, and when in use it will be placed above ground on concrete sleepers. The vent areas at both the block valve and pigging station will remain covered with the existing natural vegetation and they will not be fenced so access to these areas will not normally be restricted.

Block valve A temporary vent will also be installed at the block valve for commissioning and potentially for maintenance operations. The design and operation of this will be the same as described above for the pigging station.

5.4 Pipeline Construction The Project approach to pipeline construction will remain largely unchanged as a result of the Project design updates; any changes have been outlined below. Refer to Section 5.4 of the SCPX Final ESIA for information relating to the following:

• Pipeline construction camps • Pipe yards • Land acquisition • Surface preparation and grading • Pipe stringing • Trenching • Pipeline installation • Crossing of linear features • Fault crossing • Construction of pipeline AGIs.

5.4.1 Pipeline Construction Overview The construction overview for the 48”-diameter pipeline remains the same as those outlined in Section 5.4.1 of the SCPX Final ESIA. Details of the pipeline construction camp and pipe storage area remain the same as outlined in Section 5.4.2 and 5.4.3 of the SCPX Final ESIA. Project manpower estimates are described in Section 5.4.2 of the SCPX Final ESIA. It is envisaged that no extra direct or indirect personnel will be required for the construction of the updated SCPX pipeline Project.

5.4.2 Delivery of Line Pipe to the Pipe Yard and ROW Approximately 5362 12.2m lengths of 48”-diameter line pipe will be imported into Georgia from pipe-fabricating/pipe-coating factories via the Black Sea port of Batumi or Poti to the rail spur in Rustavi (Section 5.4.4 of the SCPX Final ESIA) then delivered by road to the ROW via the pipe yard. This is an increase of 362 to the total number of pipe lengths required, compared with the 56” pipeline. It is anticipated that the 48”-diameter Class 1 pipes will be transported three pipes per truck (over half of the pipe is Class 1) and Class 2 and Class 3 pipes are transported two pipes per truck.

Pipeline KP0-62.3 The number of round-trip vehicle journeys required for the transportation of pipe length for KP0-62.3, i.e. including the additional eastern section of pipeline, is c.2096 journeys, which is a decrease of 404 truck journeys compared with the 56”-diameter pipeline. This is because the majority of the 56” pipes are being transported as two pipes per truck and equates to a reduction in the distance driven to transport pipe to the ROW of approximately 7700km.




Additional western section of pipeline There are currently two options for delivery of pipe to the additional western section of pipeline: transportation by road from Rustavi via Tbilisi or upgrading the rail offloading area at Akhaltsikhe and transporting pipe via train followed by a 20km road journey to reach the ROW. The location of the proposed rail offloading area was reported in the SCPX Final ESIA Figure 5-35 but is reproduced in Figure 5-7.

Figure 5-7: Location of Rail Spur and Offloading Area at Akhaltsikhe and Access Route to Additional Western Section of Pipeline If the 2km pipeline loop extension is to be transported via road from Rustavi this will require approximately 70 round trip truck journeys, travelling a total distance of approximately 25,400km. The same number of journeys would be required if the rail option is used, however, overall transport distance is reduced to 2,700km, due to the much shorter distance from Akhaltsikhe to the pipeline ROW.

5.4.3 Temporary Access Roads The Project will use the existing access roads established for construction of the BTC and SCP pipelines to access the pipeline ROW as far as practical (37-18) (Figure 5-8) including the additional eastern section of pipeline.




Figure 5-8: Pipeline Access Routes Used for BTC Pipeline Construction The additional western section of pipeline is likely to be accessed via the main Tbilisi–Khashuri–Borjomi–Akhaltsikhe road, which will also be used for access to the PRMS, as shown on Figure 5-35 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.4.4 Preparation of Pipeline Loop Right of Way

Land acquisition The SCPX construction corridor remains at a standard width of 36m for the 48”-diameter pipeline, as similar sized construction equipment will be required to build the pipeline. Extra ROW width is required locally at river and other crossings and side slopes. The approach to land acquisition remains as outlined in Section 5.4.7 of SCPX Final ESIA, with the exceptions described below. A ROW of up to 46m will be established for the additional eastern section of pipeline where controlled rock blasting is required. Geotechnical investigations suggest that blasting will be needed near the pigging station and previous BTC/SCP construction suggests it will be needed elsewhere along this section. The additional land is required to accommodate rock storage and processing activities between SCPX KP56.6 and KP62.3. The Project, however, will work with the pipeline construction contractor to determine whether it is practical to use local off-site rock crushing capability and this, in combination with the extent of rock along this section, will determine areas where the additional ROW can be locally reduced, closer to the standard 36m width. At the additional western section of pipeline, the ROW is increased locally to 42m in certain areas to account for a variety of constraints, including sloping terrain, trenchless crossing of the archaeological site and increased width at the tie-in point to TANAP to account for construction constraints including welding of hydrostatic test ends, tie-in and welding of the pipelines and cathodic protection system requirements.




Setting out/staking of the pipeline route The ROW of the proposed additional sections of the SCPX pipeline and any additional temporary workspaces will be surveyed and set out (i.e. marked out and, where necessary, fenced off) as described in Section 5.4.7 of SCPX Final ESIA. Figure 5-9 shows an indicative layout of the increased construction ROW in rocky areas.

Surface preparation and grading Surface preparation and grading will be as described in Section 5.4.7 of the SCPX Final ESIA.




Figure 5-9: Indicative Layout of Construction Right of Way where Rock Blasting is Required




5.4.5 Pipe Stringing Pipe stringing will be carried out as described in Section 5.6.8 of the SCPX Final ESIA. However, owing to the increased number of 48” pipe sections, which can be accommodated in each truck (Section 5.4.2), approximately 2096 round trips will be needed to string out the pipe for the pipeline from KP0-62.3 and approximately 83 trips for the additional western section of pipeline.

5.4.6 Trenching Trenching will be carried out as described in Section 5.4.9 of the SCPX Final ESIA. The additional eastern section of pipeline and isolated sections of the additional western section of pipeline are located in rocky terrain where a combination of blasting and/or rock hammers is likely to be used to open the trench.

Blasting As the SCPX pipeline is located in parallel to the existing BTC and SCP pipelines, the following process will be applied to avoid impacts on the existing pipelines:

1. Vibration limits: The Project has reviewed a variety of literature and international studies to assess the impact of blasting on existing pipeline infrastructure and developed appropriate vibration limits for existing pipelines. For third-party aboveground structures the Project vibration limit for unreinforced or light-framed structures and residential or light commercial type buildings described in Chapter 6 of the SCPX Final ESIA will be applied.

2. Trial blast: A trial blast will first be undertaken, at a suitable location on the SCPX

trench line, which is as far as practical from the existing pipelines. The purpose of the trial blast is to produce vibration data that will allow an initial relationship to be established between measured vibration levels and the blast design parameters.

3. Implementation of a blasting design procedure to consider factors such as the size

of the charge, the initiation pattern and the distance of the blast from existing pipelines (which must be greater than the minimum required distance) to ensure the above limits are not exceeded.

4. Vibration monitoring: carrying out vibration monitoring along the existing pipelines in

the locations where the SCPX trench is being blasted and in certain cases inspecting the ground conditions after blasting.

5. Feedback: using the results of the vibration monitoring and inspections to inform

subsequent blast designs.

5.4.7 Crossings of Linear Features The crossing methodology for the main crossings is shown in Table 5-4 and crossing techniques, with the exception of the updates below, are as described in the SCPX Final ESIA Section 5.4.11. Updated typical crossing diagrams for three crossing types – preliminary typical open-cut road crossing (Figure 5-10), preliminary typical trenchless crossing (not open cut) (Figure 5-11) and preliminary typical open-cut crossing (not trenchless) (Figure 5-12) – are included below; these replace Figure 5-23 and 5-24 and 5-25 from the SCPX Final ESIA.




Figure 5-10: Preliminary Typical Open-Cut Road Crossing

Figure 5-11: Preliminary Typical Trenchless Foreign Services Crossing

Figure 5-12: Preliminary Typical Open-Cut Foreign Services Crossing

5.4.8 Fault Crossing There are no additional fault crossings on the additional sections of pipeline. The only fault crossing on the SCPX pipeline is at approximately KP26. Design details remain as described in Section 5.4.12 of the SCPX Final ESIA, with the exception that the trench will be lined with a single geotextile membrane. Further validation of the fault crossing design has determined that due to the fault’s relatively small displacement, double lining is not required. The section of the pipeline trench that crosses the Rustavi fault will be excavated




in a trapezoidal shape, lined with geotextile membrane and filled with non-cohesive, graded aggregate (D5-006). An updated crossing design is shown in Figure 5-13.

Figure 5-13: Updated Fault Crossing Design

5.4.9 Construction of Pipeline AGIs There are no additional pipeline AGIs along the two proposed additional sections of pipeline. Construction of the re-located pigging station at KP62.3 remains as described in Section 5.4.13 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.5 SCPX Facilities Design and Construction The SCPX Project includes three major facilities:

• Compressor station CSG1, which will be collocated with the BTC pumping station PSG1 at KP03

• Compressor station CSG2 at KP142 • The PRMS, which will be an extension of the existing SCP Area 80 at KP247.

Details relating to the design and construction of the above facilities have been outlined in Section 5.5 of the SCPX Final ESIA. However, subsequent to the production of the SCPX Final ESIA, some updates have been made to the PRMS as outlined below.

5.5.1 PRMS The PRMS facility will extend the SCP Area 80 facility by an area of approximately 23ha. It will be equipped to perform the following functions:

• Custody transfer metering for the Georgian/Turkish border crossing • Control of the gas flow rate to Turkey meet the gas market nomination requirements • Launching of pigs.




The PRMS will contain a pig launcher that will launch pigs into the additional western section of pipeline to perform internal pipeline monitoring and cleaning. Pigs will continue across the border into the TANAP metering station in Turkey. The heating capacity of the PRMS will also increase because of the additional pipeline loop and subsequent connection with TANAP. The requirement for a maximum of +16bcma of pipeline gas to enter the TANAP system means dedicated heating capacity is now required at the PRMS (instead of the previous design of utilising spare heating capacity at Area 80 in addition to heating at the PRMS). The number and capacity of water-bath heaters at the PRMS has therefore increased from one operational and one stand-by, each with an output of 4.7MW, to three operational and one stand-by, each with an output of 3.5MW. The individual heater stack height remains the same at 9.6m. The additional water-bath heaters and pig-launching facilities have increased the PRMS area by approximately 3ha from that reported within the SCPX Final ESIA. When the pipeline is operating at full capacity with both compressor stations in operation, no heating is required at the PRMS. When the pipeline is operating at lower flow rates and during winter periods, i.e. cold ambient conditions, additional heating is likely to be required. The emissions associated with the additional heating capacity are described in Section 5.9.6. A cross-over connection between the PRMS and the existing Area 80 facility will be installed within the boundaries of the facilities to allow gas heated at Area 81 to be exported into the existing SCP system at certain times.

5.6 Facility Construction There is no change to the details of facility construction described in Section 5.6 of the SCPX Final ESIA as a result of the Project design update.

5.7 Project Commissioning and Reinstatement Project commissioning and reinstatement, as outlined in Section 5.7 of the SCPX Final ESIA, will remain largely unchanged as a result of the Project design updates; any changes have been outlined below.

5.7.1 Pipeline Hydrostatic Testing Taking into account the additional western section of pipeline but also the reduction in pipeline diameter, the volume of pipeline hydrotest water required by SCPX within Georgia, following the Project design updates, is approximately 72,500m3. This, combined with micro-tunnel testing at the Mtkvari River and Algeti, brings the total hydrotest water requirement to 75,500m3, a reduction of approximately 7,500m3. Of this total volume, it is proposed that approximately 2500m3 will be required for the hydrostatic testing of the additional western section of pipeline. This will be abstracted from the Potskhovi River. It is anticipated that owing to the scarcity of water sources along the eastern section of the route and the quantity of water needed to test a section of pipeline, the construction contractor will “push” the water along to the next consecutive test section. This would result in multiple test sections being tested and then connected before finally being dried. Further information on hydrostatic testing is provided in Section 5.7.2 of the SCPX Final ESIA.




5.7.2 Pipeline Venting During Commissioning

Temporary vents will be installed at the pigging station and block valve to enable gas to be vented during commissioning.

5.7.3 Reinstatement and Landscape Works Details relating to reinstatement and landscape works, as outlined in Section 5.7.3 of the SCPX Final ESIA, remain unchanged as a result of the Project design updates.

5.8 Project Operation and Maintenance Project operation and maintenance will remain unchanged as a result of the Project design updates. Please refer to Section 5.9 of the SCPX Final ESIA for information relating to the following:

• Operational environmental and social management • Facility operation management • Estimated waste from facility operation • Pipeline operation and maintenance • Pipeline and facility control systems.

Changes to facility and pipeline emissions estimates are described in Section 5.9.

5.9 Resources, Wastes and Emissions Construction of the proposed additional section of the SCPX pipeline will result in alteration of the total estimates of wastes and emissions, details of which have been outlined below.

5.9.1 Labour Peak manpower estimates will remain the same as outlined in Section 5.4.2 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.9.2 Operation Operation will remain the same as outlined in Section 5.8 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.9.3 Construction Equipment Construction equipment will remain the same as outlined in Section 5.4.6 of the SCPX Final ESIA.

5.9.4 Estimated Emissions from Pipeline Construction The equipment used for construction of the 48”-diameter pipeline is the same as that used for the 56”. However, depending on the transport option chosen, described in Section 5.4.2, there will be either a slight increase in overall emissions during construction or no overall change in emissions compared to the 56”-diameter pipeline. If pipe is transported by road to KP0-62.3 and by rail from Rustavi to Akhaltsikhe and then onwards by road to the additional western section of pipeline, the overall construction emissions from road transport remain as described in Table 5-13 of the SCPX Final ESIA. However if pipe is transported by road from Rustavi to the additional western section of pipeline, there is an increase in fuel consumption of approximately 4 tonnes and an associated increase CO2 emissions of approximately 13 tonnes. Table 5-5 presents the total estimated atmospheric emissions from construction of the 48”-diameter pipeline (assuming pipe is transported by road to Akhaltsikhe, as this provides a




more conservative estimate). Estimated emissions were calculated in the original draft ESIA Addendum for Table 5-5, since then revisions to the pipeline route have resulted in an approximately 2% decrease in the number of truck journeys required for line pipe transportation. As the decrease is minor, the estimates shown in Table 5-5 have not been changed.

Table 5-5: Estimated Emissions from Pipeline Construction Source Diesel

Consumption (tonnes*)

Emissions (tonnes*) CO NOx PM CO2 SO2 HC

Pipeline Non-road plant 14,000 350 470 60 41,500 43 65 Road vehicles 1,000 20 50 5 4,300 1 7 Totals* 15,000 370 520 65 45,800 44 72

*Total rounded to the nearest tonne

5.9.5 Estimated Wastes from Pipeline Construction Revised total figures for the quantity of waste generated are described in Table 5-6.

Table 5-6: Pipeline Construction Waste

Waste Unit Pipeline Construction Waste No

n-ha

zard

ous

Haza

rdou

s

Liqu

ids

Medi

cal

Waste from camp operation

Food/kitchen tonne 300 x Domestic waste tonne 200 x Domestic paper tonne 30 x Domestic plastic tonne 10 x Sewage m3 70,000 x x

Vehicle wash-down water m3 800 x x

Medical waste (beds) kg 1700 x x Medical waste (first aid) kg 200 x x

Waste from construction operations

Spoil/inerts m3 140,000 x Grit blast tonne 2 x Industrial packaging tonne 200 x Waste wood tonne 60 x Waste metal tonne 20 x Concrete m3 800 x Paints sludges and waste tonne 4 x Solvents and chemical waste tonne 5 x




Waste Unit Pipeline Construction Waste

Non-

haza

rdou

s

Haza

rdou

s

Liqu

ids

Medi

cal

Paint and solvent cans (20 litre) m3 10 x

Coating drums (200 litre) drums 60 x Oil filters kg 1000 x Oil and lubricants tonne 25 x Batteries wet cell Number 300 x Tyres Number 600 x Oily absorbents/rags tonne 10 x Oily soils tonne 15 x Wash-down water m3 80 x x

5.9.6 Estimated Emissions from Facility and Pipeline Operation The Project design updates result in minimal changes to emissions during operation. Revised emissions totals are presented in Table 5-7.

Table 5-7: Estimated Annual Emissions from Facility and Pipeline Operation

Source

Gas use as fuel or direct

emission (tonnes*)

Emissions (tonnes*)

CO2 CO NOx CH4 VOC N2O TOTAL 56” 199,525 542,300 4,601 770 2,282 57 44 48” Project design updates PRMS Additional water-bath heaters1

300 800 0 1 0 0 0

Pipeline Pipeline fugitive emissions

1 - - - 0.3 - -

Pigging station -96 -286 -0.8 0 - - -

Sub-Total 205 514 -0.8 1 0.3 0 0 Total 199,700 543,000 4,600 770 2,282 57 44

* Data rounded to the nearest 100 when greater than 1000 tonnes 1 Water-bath heater emissions in the SCPX Final ESIA were over estimated; incremental figures reflect only the additional emissions above these figures, which are therefore lower than might otherwise be expected.




Total emissions for the SCPX Final ESIA were estimated at 599,5001 tonnes of direct CO2eq emissions per year plus 4000 tonnes of indirect CO2eq emissions per year (from the grid electricity supply), totalling 603,500 tonnes of CO2eq emissions per year. Currently the Project design updates mean that the operation of the pipeline and facilities is estimated to produce 600,000 tonnes of direct CO2eq emissions and around 4000 tonnes of indirect CO2eq per year (from the grid electricity supply) totalling 604,000 tonnes of CO2eq emissions per year. This increase is due to an increase in CO2eq emissions from the PRMS, offset against reduced emissions from the pigging station operation.

5.10 Decommissioning Details relating to Project decommissioning, as outlined in Section 5.9 of the SCPX Final ESIA, remain unchanged as a result of the Project design updates.

5.11 Conclusion This chapter has updated, where necessary, the description of the activities proposed to be carried out for the Project that are associated with the 48”-diameter pipeline Project design updates, including current estimates for fuel use and atmospheric emissions, water use and waste generation. The aspects of the Project as described here that can impact on the environmental and socio-economic conditions are identified and assessed in Chapter 10 and 12 of the ESIA.

1 Total rounded up to the nearest 500 tonnes


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Chapter 5 Project Description - BP · PDF fileChapter 5 . Project Description. 80343_ESIA_ADD_chapter_div.indd 5 05/03/2014 11:16. SCP Expansion Project, Georgia ... 5.4.9 Construction